21-《庄子》二则名师优质课获奖市赛课一等奖课件.ppt

本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。,新课导入,庄周,曾,梦见自己变成一只蝴蝶,，,轻舞飞扬、飘然高兴,。,于是他全然忘记了自己是庄周。醒来之后,，,庄子对于自己终究是庄周还是蝴蝶感到惊奇诧异。仔细想想,，,不知是庄周做梦变成蝴蝶了呢,，,还是蝴蝶做梦变成了庄周,？,第1页,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,庄子想法表示了一个人生如梦人生态度,。今天，就让我们一起走近庄子，学习庄子人生哲学！,第2页,21,庄子,二则,R,八年级语文下册,第3页,学习目标,了解庄子作品及其思想主张；积累惯用文言词语，整体把握课文大意。,（重点）,体味对话中人物语气，了解课文中两则寓言阐述道理。,（难点）,学习庄子追求逍遥洒脱人生态度，无所恃绝对自由精神境界。,（难点）,第4页,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,作者介绍,庄周（约前,369,前,286,），战国时宋国蒙（今河南商丘东北）人。哲学家，道家学派代表人物。曾做过漆园吏。,第5页,庄子,是庄周及其后学著作集，为道家经典之一。,庄子,一书，据,汉书,艺文志,记载有,52,篇，现在仅存,33,篇，分为内篇、外篇、杂篇。,庄子,散文在先秦诸子中独具格调，文章已完全突破了语录形式而发展成为专题论文。,庄子,散文辛辣、幽默、形象、生动，富有趣味性以及艺术魅力。,作品介绍,第6页,第一则选自,庄子集释,，自晋人郭象以来，众家莫不把它篇旨看作是论“逍遥”，而且以“逍遥游”作为庄子人生追求理想境界，这一点几乎没有异议，但在关于何为“逍遥”，怎样才能“逍遥”问题上，出现了种种分歧，从而影响到对该篇思想意义及相关问题正确了解。,第7页,第二则，庄子与惠子因为基本观点差异，在讨论问题时，便经常相互“抬杠”，对惠子批评，庄子都是站在自己哲学观点上，而他最大用意，则在于借惠子来抒发己意。他们两人在现实生活中当然有距离，在学术观念上也很对立，但在情谊上，惠子却是庄子生平唯一契友。,第8页,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,字词学习,鲲（）徙（）抟（）,南冥（）濠梁（）,鲦鱼（）,kn,x,tun,mn,ho,tio,第9页,北冥有鱼,第10页,北冥有鱼，其名为鲲。鲲之大，不知其几千里也；化而为鸟，其名为鹏。鹏之背，不知其几千里也；怒而飞，其翼若垂天之云。,冥：,鲲：,怒：,垂天之云：,同“溟”，海。,大鱼名。,振奋，这里指用力鼓动翅膀。,悬挂在天空云。,夸大,动作描写,介绍鲲鹏形体,第11页,是鸟也，海运则将徙于南冥。南冥者，天池也。,齐谐,者，志怪者也。,谐,之言曰：“鹏之徙于南冥也，水击三千里，抟扶摇而上者九万里，去以六月息者也。”野马也，尘埃也，生物之以息相吹也。,海运：,天池：,志怪：,水击：,抟：,扶摇：,息：,野马：,海水运动。,天然形成水池。,记载怪异事物。,击水，拍打水面。,仰视鲲鹏飞南冥,盘旋翱翔。,旋风。,引用：表明这种情形真实可信。,山野中雾气，飞跃如野马。,气息，这里指风。,第12页,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,天之苍苍，其正色邪？其远而无所至极邪？其视下也，亦若是则已矣。,苍苍：,正色：,邪：,极：,下：,是：,湛蓝。,同“耶”，疑问语气词。,真正颜色。,尽。,向下。,想象高空俯视情景,这么。,第13页,课文解读,文章标题为“北冥有鱼”，以后怎么又写鸟了？,在庄子作品中，往往借用寓言故事说理，使文章生动活泼，寓意隽永，感染力强。文章借鲲鹏寓言说明什么道理？,任何事物存在都是依附于一定条件，那么人对事物认识有没有局限呢？,读课文，思索讨论以下问题。,第14页,1.,文章标题为“北冥有鱼”，以后怎么又写鸟了？,鸟是由鱼改变而来。鲲体积有几千里，变成鸟后，鸟背部不知有几千里。说明庄子想象力丰富。,第15页,2.,在庄子作品中，往往借用寓言故事说理，使文章生动活泼，寓意隽永，感染力强。文章借鲲鹏寓言说明什么道理？,说明任何事物存在都是依附于一定条件，它们活动都是有所凭借。,第16页,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,3.,任何事物存在都是依附于一定条件，那么人对事物认识有没有局限呢？,“天之苍苍，其正色邪？其远而无所至极邪？”这句话说明人对事物认识是有局限。,庄子给出确定结论，鹏鸟和人们一样，并不能搞清天本色，鹏鸟认识也是有局限啊。,第17页,大鹏形象怎样呢？作者又是怎样描写这一形象呢？,深入探究,鲲鹏形体硕大无比，改变神奇莫测，奋飞时气势壮美。从体大、背大、翼大以及活动范围大（长度：从北海到南海；高度：九万里）四个方面极写鲲鹏形象磅礴壮观。,第18页,用夸大手法描述鲲鹏，“不知其几千里也”言其形，“若垂天之云”言其翼，“北冥”“南冥”“九万里”言其活动天地，极言鲲鹏形体之大、改变之神奇、飞腾时气势之壮观，一开头就向我们展示了一幅雄奇壮丽画卷。,第19页,结构梳理,北冥有鱼,介绍鲲鹏形体,有所待,仰视鲲鹏飞南冥,想象高空俯视情景,第20页,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,主旨归纳,这则故事以大鹏南飞作比喻，说明世上万物不论大小，都受到不一样限制，处于不一样束缚之中，所以，大鹏状似逍遥，其实还没有到达真正逍遥。,第21页,艺术特色,1.,巧借寓言，富有哲理。,庄子利用大鹏南飞凭借风力量故事，讲述了大鹏翱翔受到了风限制，还是有所依赖，所以大鹏还是有所待，并没有到达真正逍遥，说理形象，寓意深远。,第22页,2.,对比鲜明，道理明确。,那些山野中游气,(“,野马”,),、飞尘,(“,尘埃”,),，空中活动之物,(“,生物”,),，皆由风相吹而动。与鲲、鹏相比，它们实在是太渺小了，但它们要能够动起来，依然要有所凭借，即有所“待”。显然，它们也没有到达逍遥。,第23页,3.,想象丰富，意境开阔。,“大鹏”“野马”“尘埃”都展现了庄子丰富想象力，想象雄奇瑰丽，汪洋恣肆，跌宕多姿，用形象、生动故事来说明一个它们都有所待，没有到达真正逍遥道理。,第24页,庄子与惠子游于濠梁之上,ho,濠水上桥。濠，水名，在今安徽凤阳。,第25页,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,鲦鱼：,是：,安：,一个白色小鱼。,庄子与惠子游于濠梁之上。庄子曰：“鲦鱼出游从容，是鱼之乐也。”惠子曰：“子非鱼，安知鱼之乐？”庄子曰：“子非我，安知我不知鱼之乐？”,这。,疑问代词，怎么，哪里。,反问句：庄子避开正面回答惠子问题，而采取反问方法回答，以“非我”者“不知我”，推论“不知我”者不知“我知鱼”，据理力争，足见他机智。,第26页,惠子曰：“我非子，固不知子矣；子固非鱼也，子之不知鱼之乐，全矣！”庄子曰：“请循其本。子曰汝安知鱼乐云者，既已知吾知之而问我，我知之濠上也。”,全：,循其本：,云者：,完全，必定（是这么）。,追溯话题本原。循，追溯。,助词，用于句末，表停顿，以引出下文。,惠子采取逻辑推理，首先认可不是庄子，故不知道庄子，然后照此推理，庄子不是鱼，所以也不知鱼之乐。,第27页,课文解读,【庄子】,鲦,鱼出游从容，是鱼之乐也。,【惠子】,子非鱼，安知鱼之乐？,【庄子】,子非我，安知我不知鱼之乐？,【惠子】,我非子，固不知子矣；子固非鱼也，子之不知鱼之乐,，,全矣！,【庄子】,请循其本。子曰“汝安知鱼乐”云者，既已知吾知之而问我，我知之濠上也。,阅读并思索：,第28页,1.,庄子坚持认为“出游从容”鱼儿很高兴，表现了他怎样心境？,庄子认为鱼“乐”，其实是他愉悦心境投射与外化。他认为一切事物都是相正确，人认识也是如此，他来到濠水之滨，“从容出游”感到高兴，于是见到“出游从容”鱼也高兴。所以庄子说自己是到了濠水时才感到鱼高兴，不然哪能见到鱼高兴呢？,第29页,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,2.,指出下面两个疑问句语气强弱特点和表示效果,。,（,1,）,“子非鱼，安知鱼之乐？”,（,2,）,“子非我，安知我不知鱼之乐？”,第30页,（,1,）句是惠子针对庄子知“鱼之乐”而发起疑问，,语气较轻,；,（,2,）句是庄子针对惠子问话回答，用是反问语气，,语气较强,。这句话不从正面回答惠子问题，而从反面相对，收到很好表示效果。,第31页,3.,在这场辩论中庄子是怎样化解惠子发难？,庄子把“安知”，解释成“哪知道”或“怎知道”，而惠子本意是“怎么（能）知道”。庄子偷换概念，避重就轻，化解了发难，其机智灵活形象跃然纸上。,第32页,4.,这场“鱼之乐”辩论表达了庄子和惠子二人各自怎样思想？,庄子追求“天地与我并生，而万物与我为一”，和万物平等共生，与外界契合无间。短文中“鱼之乐”，其实也就是他愉悦心境投射和外化。,惠子偏重于知识性判断。论辩言语严密，逻辑性强，对事物认知是持以寻根究底态度，求实而缺乏美学意义上观赏。,第33页,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,力辩,求真,拘泥,【庄子】,【惠子】,巧辩,尚美,超然,轻松闲适，诗意盎然,第34页,1.,关于这场“濠梁之辩”结果，有些人说是庄子赢了，有些人说是惠子赢了，你认为是谁赢了？,深入探究,第35页,第36页,第37页,2.,结合两则故事试了解庄子人生态度。,北冥有鱼,大鹏向南飞行，需要乘着六月风而去。也就是说，大鹏飞行是有所“待”。它即使能够在天空翱翔，看似自由自在，但其实还要借助风力量，也就是说，它受到了风制约。假如没有大风，大鹏是不可能翱翔。所以，在天空翱翔大鹏其实并没有到达真正逍遥。,第38页,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,庄子与惠子游于濠梁之上,中，惠子好辩，重分析。对于事物有一个寻根究底认知态度，重在知识探讨。庄子智辩，重观赏，对于外界认识，带有观赏态度，将主观情意发挥到外物上而产生移情同感作用。假如说惠子带有逻辑家个性，那么庄子则含有艺术家风貌。,第39页,庄子心境旷达，视荣华富贵如敝屣，他有着高雅生活情趣。,秋水,一文所宣扬是庄子一贯思想，即人生死、寿夭、祸福、穷通、贵贱、贫富、得失、成败等等都是完全相正确东西，而且是人力所不能左右，应一切顺其自然。庄子藐视功名富贵，追求高兴自由便是这种思想支配下心灵选择。,第40页,庄子思想虽有消极虚无一面，但其根本目标却在于要使人生活和精神到达一个不为外物所束缚、所统治绝对自由独立境界。多少年来，庄子思想曾给乱世中饱经沧桑心灵以莫大抚慰，即使在物质文明高度发达今天也有它独特作用。,第41页,结构梳理,惠子,力辩、求真、拘泥,庄子,巧辩、尚美、超然,万物与我为一,庄子与惠子游于濠梁之上,第42页,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,主旨归纳,这则故事经过庄子与惠子围绕着“鱼之乐”而展开辩论，表现了庄子机智与巧妙辩论格调，也表现了庄子“万物与我为一”思想。,第43页,艺术特色,1.,精彩论辩艺术。,通篇采取对话形式，两人一句接着一句，用“以子之矛，攻子之盾”方法，把这场辩论深化，显示了精彩论辩艺术。,第44页,2.,笔法轻松，充满机智和幽默。,围绕庄子是否知道“鱼之乐”辩论，本是深奥逻辑问题，但文章用轻松、闲适笔调描述辩论过程，二人语言不乏幽默，令人感受到日常生活中诗意。,第45页,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,文言小结,南冥者，,天池,也（）,安,知鱼之乐（）,子,非我，安知我不知鱼之乐（）,古今异义,古义：天然形成水池,今义：高山湖泊名,古义：怎么 今义：安全,古义：对人尊称,今义：孩子，儿子,第46页,而,怒,而,飞,其远,而,无所至极邪,（,连词，表修饰,）,（,连词，表承接,）,其,其,正色邪,不知,其,几千里也,（,连词，表示选择,）,（,代词，代鲲,）,一词多义,第47页,之,安知鱼,之,乐,既已知吾知,之,而问我,子,之,不知鱼之乐,（,助词，,）,（,代词，代鱼高兴,）,（,助词，用于主谓之间，取消句子独立性，无义,）,第48页,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,词类活用,其视,下,也,（名词用作状语，往下）,志,怪,者也,（形容词用作名词，怪异事情）,水,击三千里,（名词用作形容词，在水面上）,南冥者，,天,池也,（名词用作形容词，天然）,第49页,文言句式,判断句：,齐谐,者，志怪者也,（“,者,也”表判断）,是鱼之乐也,（“,也”表判断）,第50页,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,倒装句：,去以六月息者也,（介词短语后置句，应为“以六月息者也去”）,庄子与惠子游于濠梁之上,（状语后置句，应为“庄子与惠子于濠梁之上游”）,第51页,省略句：,我知之濠上也,（省略介词“于”，应为“我知之于濠上也”）,第52页,拓展延伸,庄子有许多内容已演化为寓言和成语，保留在当代汉语中。以下寓言和成语都出自庄子：,鹏程万里,扶摇直上,越俎代庖,望洋兴叹,朝三暮四,薪火相传,东施效颦,盗亦有道,无中生有,枯鱼之肆,呆若木鸡,无用之用,蜗角之争,每况愈下,涸辙之鲋,邯郸学步,窃钩者诛，窃国者诸侯,成者英雄败者贼,第53页,课后习题参考答案,一、背诵,北冥有鱼,，说说文中讲了哪几层意,思，作者笔下“鹏”是个什么样形象。,参考答案：,第一层：描述鲲鹏形象（形体硕大无比、改变神奇莫测、奋飞气势壮美）。,第二层：鹏鸟南飞有所待,(,以“野马”“尘埃”作比，表明万物皆有所待,),。,第54页,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,主旨：任何事物存在都要依附于一定条件，它们活动都是有所凭借。,鹏形象,:,作者笔下“鹏”是一个硕大无比、志向高远但又无法摆脱外力束缚大鸟形象，它象征着渴望追求高尚理想却无法摆脱现实束缚庄子。,第55页,文中，作者极尽想象，描写了一个体积庞大、气势惊人大鹏鸟。当鹏鸟振翅而飞，由北向南壮游南海时，其气势极大：“水击三千里，抟扶摇而上者九万里。”然而，即使大鹏神奇非凡，也依然要凭借“海运”所带来大风才能够飞到九万里高空。它正如当初处于乱世庄子，想要施展理想却受到外力束缚，不得自由。,第56页,二、熟读,庄子与惠子游于濠梁之上,，复述这则故事，并回答以下问题。,1.,庄子与惠子论辩十分巧妙，试说说巧妙在哪里。,2.,庄子为何说他知道“鱼之乐”？谈谈你了解。,第57页,参考答案：,1.,惠子好辩，重分析，对于事物有一个寻根究底认知态度，重在知识探讨。庄子智辩，重观赏，对于外界认识，带有观赏态度，将主观情意发挥到外物上而产生移情同感作用。假如说惠子带有逻辑家个性，那么庄子则含有艺术家风貌。从故事本身来看，庄子占了上风。结尾处，,第58页,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元