语言学方向 附件.doc

A Study of Native Language Transfer in
Second Language Acquisition

A Graduation Thesis Submitted by
Somebody’s Name
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
For
The Degree of Bachelor of Arts
In the Subject of English Language
To
Applied Science Institute
Of
Jiangxi University of Science and Technology
Supervisor: Somebody’s Name

May 13, 2009

Acknowledgement

I would like to express my gratitude to many people who have helped me make this thesis possible.
First and foremost, I would like to thank my supervisor, xxx. During this process, she provided me with helpful suggestions, supported me with clear guidance when I met difficulties, and adjusted the overall structure and patiently corrected my mistakes after the paper came into shape.
I would also like to give special thanks to all the other teachers of mine in this college for their influence on my view of learning during these four years.
Finally, the most heart-felt gratitude of all goes to my family for their continuous support. To my parents, for instilling in me a perpetual curiosity and wonder, and for helping me get through my years of studying. Above all, I profoundly thank again for everyone who helped me. Without them, I wouldn't have become what I am today.

xxxxx

Contents

Introduction 1
Chapter 1 Literature Review 2
§ 1.1 Definition of language transfer 2
§ 1.2 Two main studies on LT 2
Chapter 2 Factors in SLA 4
§ 2.1 Difference in thinking modes between L1 and L2 4
§ 2.2 Difference in cultures between L1 and L2 4
§ 2.3 Difference in language systems between L1 and L2 5
Chapter 3 Analysis of Language Transfer in the Process of SLA 6
§ 3.1 Phonetic and phonologic transfer 6
§ 3.2 Lexical transfer 7
3.2.1 Function words 7
3.2.2 Content words 8
§ 3.3 Syntactic transfer 9
3.3.1 Word order 9
3.3.2 Verb transitivity 10
§ 3.4 Pragmatic transfer 11
3.4.1 The function of greeting 11
3.4.2 The function of compliment responses 11
3.4.3 The function of refusal 12
Chapter 4 Implications for Second Language Teaching 13
§ 4.1 Expanding teachers’ own knowledge 13
§ 4.2 Contrasting the two languages 13
§ 4.3 Encouraging learners to think in native ways 13
§ 4.4 Improving the learners’ cross-cultural communication awareness 14
§ 4.5 Increasing language input 14
§ 4.6 Enforcing knowledge by practicing 14
Conclusion 15
Bibliography 16

A Study of Native Language Transfer in
Second Language Acquisition

摘 要

一语是二语习得者在二语习得过程中有意识或无意识使用的一种知识来源。语言迁移对二语习得有着重要的影响。一方面，二语学习者会借助一语学习新的语言；另一方面，一语思维也会影响二语语音、词汇、语法、句法等环节的学习。
语言迁移是一个非常复杂的过程，许多因素相互作用、共同影响。本文指出了影响语言迁移的语言和非语言因素，包括思维模式、文化背景、语言体系等，并以前人对于语言迁移的研究为基础，在语音、词汇、句法、语用四个语言层面上详细地探究正、负迁移，以便使读者了解二语习得过程中母语所起的正面和负面作用，而不只是强调它的有害的一面，以加深二语习得者对二语习得的特点和过程的了解。
因为语言迁移理论和教学方法有很密切的联系，本文得出了一些教学启示。在二语教学中，教师应该适当使用学习者的母语，充分意识到语言共性的重要性，充分利用母语和目的语之间的相似和相异之处进行教学，要强调文化知识的重要性并在教学中引入文化背景。
关键词： 语言迁移；二语习得；对比分析；错误分析；外语教学

A Study of Native Language Transfer in
Second Language Acquisition

ABSTRACT
First language (L1) is a resource of knowledge which learners will use both consciously and subconsciously in second language acquisition (SLA). Language transfer (LT) has an important impact on SLA. On one hand, second language learners resort to L2 to learn the new language. On the other hand, L1 thinking mode also influences SLA in the aspects of phonetics, lexis, grammar and syntax.
LT is a very complex process, which is affected by many interacted factors. These factors have been studied from linguistic and non-linguistic perspectives, including thinking mode, cultural background, language system and so on. On the basis of previous researches, this thesis makes a tentative but detailed exploration of both positive transfer and negative transfer at four different language levels between L1 and second language (L2), namely, phonetic level, lexical level, syntactic level and pragmatic level, so as to give the readers a clear picture of both negative and positive roles that L1 plays in the process of SLA rather than only emphasizing its harmful effect, with the aim to enrich the study of transfer, and therefore, to enhance learners’ understanding of the process and characteristics of SLA.
Since there is a close relationship between transfer theory and teaching methodology, this thesis puts forward some implications on L2 teaching. In L2 teaching, English teachers should make appropriate use of learners’ L1, knowing the importance of the similarity between the two languages, making full use of the similarities and differences between these two languages, realizing the importance of cultural knowledge and introducing cultural background to the learners.
Key Words: Second language acquisition; Language transfer; Contrastive Analysis; Error Analysis; Second language teaching