人教版2022年高中英语虚拟语气基础知识手册.pdf

1 (每日一练每日一练)人教版人教版 20222022 年高中英语虚拟语气基础知识手册年高中英语虚拟语气基础知识手册 单选题 1、To reduce food waste,some restaurants in Beijing insist their customers _the leftover food after their meals.Ato takeBtakingCtakeDtook 答案：C 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：为了减少食物浪费，北京的一些餐馆坚持要求顾客在用餐后应该把剩下的食物带走。分析句子可知，句中“insist”意为“坚持要求、坚决主张”，后接宾语从句，从句中的动作尚未发生，故从句应用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”，should 可省略。故选 C 项。2、“If no one the rubbish,”an environmentalist pointed out,“the street would soon become dirty,the number of rats would increase,and the disease would spread.”AcollectsBwill collectCis to collectDwere to collect 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：一位环保人士指出，如果没有人收拾垃圾，街道很快就会变脏，老鼠的数量就会增加，疾病就会传播。根据 would 判断此处是与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用 were to do，故 D 项正确。小提示：虚拟语气是英语语法中的一大难点，注意在 if 非真实条件句中，主句和从句谓语动词有以下三种形式：表示与现在事实相反，从句用过去式（be 用 were），主句用 would（should,could）+动词原形；表示与过去事实相反，2 从句用 had+过去分词，主句用 would（should,could）+have+过去分词；表示与将来事实相反，从句用过去式（should/were to+动词原形），主句用 would（should,could）+动词原形。3、My adviser recommended that I _for advanced literature because I like English.Asign upBsigned upCwas signed upDam signing up 答案：A 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：我的指导老师建议我报名参加高级文学，因为我喜欢英语。主句中谓语动词“recommend（建议）”后面跟宾语从句，从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词为“（should）+动词原形”；再根据从句主语“I”与“sign up for(报名参加)”应该是主动关系，所以该空应该填（should）sign up，should 可以省略。故选A。小提示：4、My adviser recommended that I _ advanced literature.Asigned up forBsign up with Csigned up withDsign up for 答案：D 解析：考查动词短语辨析和虚拟语气。句意：我的学校顾问建议我选高等文学课程。根据句子结构可知，这是考查动词 recommend 后面宾语从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气（should）+动词原形的结构。sign up with 的意思是注册、签约，sign up for 的意思是报名参加；学生会报名；注册，选课等。根据句子意思可知，这句话需要选课的意思。故选 D。5、With college entrance examination approaching,its time that I _ myself into hard work.Ashould throwBhave thrownCthrowDthrowing 答案：A 3 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：随着高考的临近，是我应该努力学习的时候了。Its time that.句型中从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气，should+动词原形/过去式，should 不能省略。故选 A。6、If the contest _ tomorrow,I would probably go to see it.Ais to take placeBwere to take place Cwas taken placeDwould take place 答案：B 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果竞赛明天举行，我可能去看。结合语境和下文的 would go 可知，此处为 if 引导的非真实条件句，与将来的事实相反用一般过去时，should+动词原形，或者 were to+动词原形，take place 无被动语态，综上。故选 B。7、Had he taken his parents advice,he _ having made such a silly mistake now.Awould not regretBwould not have regretted Cmay not regretDmay not have regretted 答案：A 解析：考查混合虚拟语气。句意：如果他听了父母的劝告，他现在就不会后悔犯了这样一个愚蠢的错误了。本句考查if 引导的混合条件虚拟语气，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，分析本句可知，从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反，故主句中用 would/should/could/might do 结构。故选 A。小提示：虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表：条件从句的谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式 与过去事实相had done would/could/might/should have done 4 反的假设 与现在事实相反的假设 过去时(waswere)would/could/might/should do 与将来事实相反的假设 过去时(waswere);should do;were to do would/could/might/should do 通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式，从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的，如果两者时间不一致，此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。如本句 Had he taken his parents advice,he would not regret having made such a silly mistake now.从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设。故 A 选项正确。8、If he had been working hard,he _ in the office now.However,he didnt.Awould be workingBwere to be workingCwas workingDshould work 答案：A 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他过去一直努力工作，现在就坐在办公室工作了。然而，他没有。根据“However,he didnt.”可知，此句是混合虚拟语气。If 从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。与现在相反的虚拟语气的主句可用 would/could/might+动词原形。根据语境及时间状语“now”可知，此处是指现在正在工作，因此要用进行时，故选 A。小提示：一、虚拟语气在 if 引导的条件句中的用法 虚拟语气用于表示说话人所说的并不是事实，而是一种假设或愿望，往往与事实相反。1).表示与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句 If+主语+动词的过去式（be 用 were），主语+would(should/could/might)+动词原形 1)If I were you,I would study English.如果我是你，我就会学英语。2)I would certainly go if I had time.如果有时间的话，我一定会去的。5 2).表示与过去事实相反的拟条件句 If+主语+had done，主语+would（should/could/might）+have done 1)If you had taken my advice,you would not have missed the test.如果你接受了我的建议，你就不会错过考试。3).表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。If+主语+should（were to）+动词原形/动词的过去式，主语+would（could/should/might）+动词原形。If it were to rain tomorrow,the meeting would be put off.如果明天下雨，会议就会推迟了。二、错综时间虚拟条件句。即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整：If it had rained last night,the ground would be wet now.要是昨晚下雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。9、The Smiths would like to _ on a trip to Beijing,but it was called off because of their fathers illness.AgoBhave goneCgoingDhaving gone 答案：B 解析：考查固定搭配。句意：史密斯夫妇本来想要去北京旅行，但是因为他们父亲生病了，所以旅行取消了。Would like to have done 是虚拟语气的一种表达方式，表示“本来已经做了，但实际上并没有做”，根据句意可知，事情发生在过去，因为他们父亲生病所以他们没有去北京，句子表达的是他们希望已经去北京了但实际上没去，应用 have gone，故选 B。10、Pele had bags of natural talent,but he _ without the determination to deal with all the problems life threw in his path.Awould never succeedBnever succeeded Cwould never have succeededDhave never succeeded 答案：C 6 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意为：贝利是很有天赋，但是如果没有处理生活中遇到的所有问题的决心，他是永远不会成功的。从句中的 had 看，此句讲的是过去的情况。本句是由 without 呈现的含蓄虚拟语气，且空格所在的地方是主句，谓语动词用 would have+过去分词，否定式加 never，置于 would 后面。故选 C。