高中英语虚拟语气基础知识手册.pdf

1 高中英语虚拟语气基础知识手册高中英语虚拟语气基础知识手册 单选题(经典例题高频考点-名师出品必属精品)1、With college entrance examination approaching,its time that I _ myself into hard work.Ashould throwBhave thrownCthrowDthrowing 答案：A 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：随着高考的临近，是我应该努力学习的时候了。Its time that.句型中从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气，should+动词原形/过去式，should 不能省略。故选 A。2、How time flies!I feel junior high school was only yesterday!Aeven ifBunlessCifDas if 答案：D 解析：考查从属连词和虚拟语气。句意：时光飞逝！我觉得初中生活就像昨天一样。A.even if 即使；B.unless 除非；C.if 如果；D.as if 好像。根据“junior high school was only yesterday!”可知，此处表示与现在事实相反的假设，根据句意可知此处表示“好像”，as if 从句后常用虚拟语气，故选 D。3、If we could live our life once again,I suppose many people _ a different one.Awill chooseBwill have chosen Cwould chooseDwould have chosen 答案：C 解析：本题考查虚拟语气。解题步骤：1).确定虚拟语气：If 条件句谓语动词用了 could do，说明此处是虚拟语气；2).确定谓语动词：If 条件句用 could do，表示和现在事实相反的虚拟语气，主句用 would/could/should do。句意：2 如果我们能再活一次，我想很多人会选择一个不同的人生。故选 C。4、The WHO urged that all the countries _ measures to prevent COVID-19 spreading.AtakeBmust takeCare to takeDtook 答案：A 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：世界卫生组织敦促所有国家采取措施防止 COVID-19 的蔓延。此处 urge“催促，力劝”后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气 should+动词原形，其中 should 可以省略，故选 A。小提示：动词 urge 后面的宾语从句必须使用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词由“should+动词原形”构成，且 should 可以省略。如：He urged that she(should)say sorry to him first.5、-Thank you for reminding me of the time,or I late for the flight yesterday.-Dont mention it.Awill have beenBwould have been Cmust beDcould be 答案：B 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：“谢谢你提醒我时间，否则昨天我要迟到了。”“不客气。”would+have+done 表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。故 B 选项正确。6、If the contest _ tomorrow,I would probably go to see it.Ais to take placeBwere to take place Cwas taken placeDwould take place 答案：B 3 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果竞赛明天举行，我可能去看。结合语境和下文的 would go 可知，此处为 if 引导的非真实条件句，与将来的事实相反用一般过去时，should+动词原形，或者 were to+动词原形，take place 无被动语态，综上。故选 B。7、_ the separatist forces for Taiwan independence provoke us,force our hands or even cross the red line,we would take resolute measures.ACouldBShouldCMightDWould 答案：B 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果“台独”分裂势力挑衅逼迫，甚至突破红线，我们都会采取坚决措施。if 引导的虚拟条件句，与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用 should+动词原形，也可将 should 移到句首并省略 if，构成虚拟条件句的倒装结构。故选 B。8、They demanded that the right to vote _ to every adult.Awas givenBwas givingCbe givingDbe given 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：他们要求给予每个成年人投票权。demand 表示“要求”时，所接宾语从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语部分是（should）+动词原形，又由动词 give 和从句主语 the right to vote 之间是动宾关系，所以使用被动语态 be given。故选 D 项。9、The manager demanded that the workers the task ahead of schedule.AaccomplishingBaccomplishedCaccomplishDto accomplish 答案：C 解析：4 考查虚拟语气。句意：经理要求工人们提前完成任务。动词 demand 意为：要求，其宾语从句的谓语动词由“(should)+动词原形”构成，其中 should 可省略，故选 C 项。10、We would celebrate the victory together we win the game tomorrow.AwouldBshouldCshallDwill 答案：B 解析：考查情态动词。句意：如果我们明天能赢得比赛，我们就一起庆祝胜利。此处是 if 引导的虚拟语气，与将来的事实相反，如果把 if 省略则将 should/were/助动词 had 提到主语的前面。故选 B。小提示：If 引导的虚拟语气：1).表示与现在事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+动词一般过去时(Be 动词用 were)主句：主语+should/would/might/could+do：If I were you，I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）2).表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+had+done 主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done：If I had got there earlier，I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）3).表示与将来事实相反 从句：if+主语+were to doif+主语+should+doif+主语+动词一般过去式（be 动词用 were）主句:主语+should/would/might/could+do:If he should come here tomorrow，I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小，不可能）特别注意：如果把非真实条件句中的 if 省略，则将 were/should/助动词 had 提到主语的前面。had I got there earlier，I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。11、We require the thief _ into prison.5 Arefers to being put Breferred to be put Crefer to being putDreferred should be put 答案：B 解析：考查虚拟语气和非谓语动词。句意：我们要求所提到的那个小偷应该被关进监狱。分析句子成分，referred to 为后置定语，修饰 the thief，因两者构成被动关系，故使用动词的过去分词，即 referred to，故排除 A、C 选项；require 意为“需要,要求,后接从句要用虚拟语气,即其后的从句：谓语动词用 should+动词原形,should 可以省略。且 the thief 与 put into prison 构成被动关系，故选用被动语态，即 the thief(should)be put into prison，综上，故选 B。小提示：后接虚拟语气的常见词 1）在 insist,order,command,suggest,propose,advise,desire,demand,require,request,order,prefer,propose,recommend 等表示“命令，决定，建议”等动词以及由这些动词引申的名词或形容词引导的 that 从句中，要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为 should+动词原形，其中 should 可以省略，主句中的时态不限。例如：He ordered that all the books be sent at once.She insisted that she go to the south for her holiday.2）类似用法的还有 advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,necessary,obligatory,proper 等形容词；decision,decree,demand,instruction,order,requirement,resolution 等名词。其后引导的 that 从句均用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为 should+动词原形，其中 should 可以省略，主句中的时态不限。例如：It was appropriate that this tax be abolished.Their decision was that the school remain closed.3）请注意，当这些词语不是用于表示“命令，决定，建议”的含义时，所引导从句不用虚拟语气。6 12、Seeing her peers struggling for success and independence,Zhang yue offered her suggestion that they _ seek guidance from expert consultants.AmustBshouldCcanDshall 答案：B 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：看到同龄人为成功和独立而奋斗，张悦建议他们应该寻求专家顾问的指导。A.must 必须；B.should 应该；C.can 能；D.shall 将。分析句子可知，此句为同位语从句，that 引导的从句是 suggestion 的具体内容，从句使用 should+动词原形，should 可以被省略的虚拟语气。故选 B。小提示：13、Robert remained depressed at home before his school reopened.If only the new term_for the virus.Awere not delayedBwould not be delayed Chad not been delayedDwere not to be delayed 答案：C 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：罗伯特在复学前一直在家闷闷不乐。要是新学期没有因病毒而推迟就好了。If only 要用虚拟语气，结合句意，前文出现过去式 remained，因此 If only 表示对过去的虚拟，用过去完成时（had done）。故选 C 项。14、_is required that under no circumstances _he betray his motherland even if there are temptations like money or beauty.AWhat;canBIt;couldCIt;shouldDWhat;could 答案：C 解析：7 考查主语从句和倒装。句意：要求他在任何情况下都不应该背叛他的祖国，即使有金钱或美丽等诱惑。此处为固定句型 It is required that sb./sth.should do.“要求某人/某事做.”，此处 it 作形式主语，that 引导主语从句，且从句要用虚拟语气，谓语部分为(should)do；从句中，状语 under no circumstances“决不”置于句首，所在句子需要部分倒装，将情态动词 should 置于主语 he 之前。故选 C 项。15、I _ my dream to be a pianist,but for the encouragement from that music teacher.Amight have abandonedBwould abandon Cshould have abandonedDwere to abandon 答案：A 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是来自音乐老师的鼓励，我可能会放弃成为钢琴家的梦想。表达的是与过去事实相反的假设，所以用的是 might have+过去分词。故选 A。16、_ the mistake in the beginning,the problem could have been prevented at its source.AHad not the company ignoredBIf the companydidnt ignore CHad the company not ignoredDWould the companynot ignore 答案：C 解析：考查虚拟语气省略句的倒装句。句意：如果公司在一开始没有忽略这个错误，这个问题本来是可以从源头上预防的。根据 the problem could have been prevented at its source 可知此处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟，即 If the company had not ignored，此处省略了 if，因此要用倒装句，即要把助动词提前到主语前面，否定词 not 不能提前。故选 C 项。小提示：本题考查了 If 的虚拟语气中的对过去事实相反情况的省略形式。当从句中含有 were/should/had 的形式时，If可以省略，但句子应为倒装形式，即 were/should/had 要提前置于句首。8 1).对过去事实相反的情况：If we had found him earlier,we could have saved his life.要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他。Had we found him earlier，we could have saved his life.2).对现在或将来事实相反的情况：If she were here,she would attend the meeting too.如果她在这里，她也参加会议。Were she here,she would attend the meeting too.3).对将来事实相反的的情况：If it should rain tomorrow,we should have to stay at home.若明天下雨，我们只好呆在家里。Should it rain tomorrow,we should have to stay at home.注意：若遇到否定词 not 时，不能与 were/should/had 缩略为 Werent/Shouldnt/Hadnt 而置于句首。如：If I hadnt warned you,you could have been killed.正确：Had I not warned you,you could have been killed.错误：Hadnt I warned you,you could have been killed.17、I insisted_ to see a doctor，but he insisted nothing _wrong with him Aon him to go；should beBhe went；be Che go；wasDhe should to；is 答案：C 解析：9 本题解析略。18、It is everybodys desire that every effort _ to reduce the pollution in our city.Awas madeBbe madeCwill be madeDwould be made 答案：B 解析：考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：尽一切努力减少我们城市的污染是每个人的愿望。A.was made 被做出（一般过去时被动语态）；B.be made 被做出（虚拟语气）；C.will be made 将被做（一般将来时被动语态）；D.would be made 将被作（过去将来时被动语态）。分析句子该空是 desire 的同位语从句的谓语动词，主语是effort，应使用被动语态；名词 desire 的同位语从句应使用虚拟语气，should 加动词原形，should 可省略。故选B 项。19、He recommended that we_ a record of what we saw.Awould keepBcould keep Cmust keepDshould keep 答案：D 解析：考查宾语从句中的虚拟语气。句意：他建议我们把所看到的记录下来。分析句子可知，recommend（建议）后用 that 引导宾语从句，从句用虚拟语气，构成 should do 结构，should 可以省略。故选 D 项。20、_ with the severe situation,the expert suggested the market referred to at once.AFacing;be shut downBFaced;being shut down CTo Face;being shut downDFaced;be shut down 答案：D 解析：10 考查非谓语动词及虚拟语气。句意：面对严峻的形势，专家建议被提及的市场应立即关闭。根据空后介词 with可知，第一空是短语：be faced with“面对，面临”，位于句首，省略 be 动词，使用过去分词做状语；第二空：suggest 表“建议”的时候，宾语从句的谓语动词使用 should do，should 常省略，market 与 shut down 是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态。注意 referred to 是 the market 的后置定语，意为“被提及的市场”。故选 D。21、If you my advice,you such a big mistake.Atook;would not make Bhad taken;will not make Chave taken;will not make Dhad taken;would not have made 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你听了我的劝告，你就不会犯这么大的错误了。根据句意“要是你听取我的意见”可知，句子是对过去发生的假设。在虚拟语气中，对过去事实进行虚拟，主句用would/could/might/should(not)+have done 的形式，从句用 had(not)done 的形式。故选 D。22、Would you mind if I _ the window?Not at all.In fact,I was going to suggest you _ it.Aopen;didBopened;to doCopen;doingDopened;do 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气中的时态。句意：你介意我把窗户打开吗？不介意。事实上，我正打算建议你这么做。第一空 would you mind sb did 是英语的固定句型,if 后的句子要用一般过去时，表示与将来情况相反；第二空suggest 作为“建议”讲宾语从句用虚拟语气，should+动词原形，should 可以省略。故选 D。小提示：11 后接虚拟语气的常见词 1）在 insist,order,command,suggest,propose,advise,desire,demand,require,request,order,prefer,propose,recommend 等表示“命令，决定，建议”等动词以及由这些动词引申的名词或形容词引导的 that 从句中，要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为 should+动词原形，其中 should 可以省略，主句中的时态不限。例如：He ordered that all the books be sent at once.She insisted that she go to the south for her holiday.2）类似用法的还有 advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,necessary,obligatory,proper 等形容词；decision,decree,demand,instruction,order,requirement,resolution 等名词。其后引导的 that 从句均用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为 should+动词原形，其中 should 可以省略，主句中的时态不限。例如：It was appropriate that this tax be abolished.Their decision was that the school remain closed.3）请注意，当这些词语不是用于表示“命令，决定，建议”的含义时，所引导从句不用虚拟语气。如第二空 suggest 作为“建议”讲宾语从句用虚拟语气，should+动词原形，should 可以省略。故选 D。23、Housing prices _ since the end of last year.Therefore,its time the central government _ some effective measures to bring them under control.Ahave increased；would takeBhave increased；will take Chave been increasing；takesDhave been increasing；took 答案：D 解析：考查时态和虚拟语气。句意：自从去年底，房价一直在上涨。因此，中央政府到了采取有效措施控制房价的时候了。和 since the end of last year 搭配用现在完成时或现在完成进行时；It is time+从句中，从句的谓语用should do 或过去式表示虚拟语气。故选 D。12 24、_ for the fire at Notre Dame de Paris,a church famous for its large collection of art treasures,I would be there for a visit this summer vacation.AHad it not beenBShould it not be CWere it not beDIf had it not been 答案：A 解析：考查省略 if 的虚拟语气。句意：如果不是巴黎圣母院的大火，这个以收藏大量艺术珍品而闻名的教堂，我今年暑假就会去那里参观。此处是 if 引导的虚拟语气，if 从句与过去事实相反用过去完成时态，且 if 省略则把助动词 had 提到主语的前面去。故选 A。小提示：If 引导的虚拟语气：1).表示与现在事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+动词一般过去时(Be 动词用 were)主句：主语+should/would/might/could+do：If I were you，I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）2).表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+had+done 主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done：If I had got there earlier，I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）3).表示与将来事实相反 从句：if+主语+were to doif+主语+should+doif+主语+动词一般过去式（be 动词用 were）主句:主语+should/would/might/could+do:If he should come here tomorrow，I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小，不可能）25、Sorry,Daddy.I am not getting on well with my studies.Well._ you hadnt wasted so much time playing online games.13 AAs ifBEven ifCIf onlyDOnly if 答案：C 解析：考查虚拟语气的用法。句意：对不起，爸爸。我的学习成绩不好。哦，要是你没有浪费那么多时间玩网络游戏就好了。A.As if 好像，引导方式状语从句；B.Even if 即使，引导让步状语从句；C.If only 要是多好，但愿；D.Only if 只要，引导条件状语从句。If only 接虚拟语气，表示对过去情况的假设。故选 C 项。26、Im sorry._ for my illness，I would have come and lent you a helping hand.AWere it notBIf it were not CHad it not beenDIf it has not been 答案：C 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：我很抱歉。要不是我病了，我会来帮你一把的。从句为省略 if 的部分倒装结构，由主句中的 would have come 以及句意可知，这里是对过去情况的假设，因此从句要用过去完成时。如 If 条件句中如有 were,should 或 had 时，可把 if 省略，并把 were,should 或 had 提到主语的前面，使用倒装语序。因此 if 从句中省略了 if,就要 had 提到 it 之前，C 符合题意。有人可能会误选 D，但时态错了，如果选 D，答案应为 if it had not been。故选 C 项。27、The librarian insists that John _ no more books from the library before he returns all the books he borrowed.Awill takeBtookCtakeDtakes 答案：C 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：图书管理员坚持要求约翰在归还所有借的书之前不能再从图书馆拿书。insist 此处表示“坚持要求”，所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：(should)+原形动词，should 可省略。故14 选 C。28、-Sorry for having kept you waiting.But for the traffic jam，I_ 20 minutes earlier Never mind，I havent been waiting that long.AarrivedBwould have arrived Cwould arriveDhad arrived 答案：B 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：很抱歉让你久等了，要不是堵车，20 分钟前我就到了。没关系，我没等那么长时间。根据句意可知此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，用 would+have done 的形式，故 B 项正确。小提示：注意 but for 引导的句子或短语有时相当于一个虚拟条件句，假设的情况并不以条件从句显示出来，而是暗含下上下文中，通过介词短语来表示，要使用虚拟语气，其主要形式为：表示对现在情况的虚拟：would+do，如，But for his pension，he would starve.要不是有养老金，他早就挨饿了；对过去情况的虚拟：would+have done，如，But for your help,we wouldnt have succeeded.要是没有你的帮助，我们是不会成功的。29、Punishments would be severe,ranging from a few years in prison to the death penalty _ a person be caught carrying drugs.AshouldBwouldCcouldDmight 答案：A 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果发现有人携带毒品，将会受到严厉的惩罚，从几年的监禁到死刑不等。因为与将来事实相反，所以从句用 if+主语+should+do。此处为省略 if 的虚拟语气的倒装，从句 should a person be caught carrying drugs=if a person should be caught carrying drugs。故选 A。小提示：15 虚拟语气的倒装：当虚拟条件句中含有 were，had，should，could 等动词时，可以将 if 省略，然后将 were，had，should，could 等词移至句首。本题分析为考查虚拟语气后，先判断与将来事实相反，且主句在前，从句在后。从句为省略 if 的虚拟语气的倒装，从句 should a person be caught carrying drugs=if a person should be caught carrying drugs，从而选出正确的答案。30、I would rather you_ at the moment so that we can hear the speech.Akeep quietBkept quietCstay at homeDyou stay at home.答案：B 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：我宁愿你现在保持安静以便于我们能够听演讲。动词短语 would rather 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，句中使用一般过去时表示与现在的情况相反，用过去完成时表示与过去的情况相反。根据后半句中的“can”可知本句使用一般过去时表示与现在的情况相反，故 B 项正确。31、The board thought it urgent that these files _ right away.AprintedBhad been printedCwould been printedDbe printed 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：董事会认为立即把这些文件打印出来是当务之急。句型 it is urgent that+(should)do，且print 与 file 构成被动，故应填(should)be printed，should 可以省略。故选 D。32、It is requested that no one _ told of the finial decision before everything settles down.AbeBwill beCwasDwould be 答案：A 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：要求在一切安定下来之前不要告诉任何人最后的决定。request 意为“请求”，当其后接宾语为从句（宾语从句）时，从句谓语常用“(should)+动词原形”的结构。should 可省略。故选 A 项。16 33、To tell the truth,I would rather I _ the pain instead of you.You dont know how worried I was.AtookBhad takenCtakeDshould have taken 答案：B 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：说实话，我宁愿是我来承受痛苦，而不是你。你不知道我有多担心。固定句型：would rather 后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，如果指现在或将来，则句子用一般过去时态，如果指过去发生的事情，则用过去完成时态。结合句中 how worried I was.可知此处指过去发生的事情。故选 B。34、Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I_as well as her at last party.AdanceBwill danceChad dancedDdanced 答案：C 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：埃伦是个出色的舞者，我多么希望我在上次的舞会上能跳得和她一样好。根据上文 wish（动词）可知 I_as well as her at last party.做 wish 的宾语，是宾语从句。结合宾语从句意思可知句中表达了说话者的一种不大可能实现的愿望，应用虚拟语气；根据句中“at last party（上次舞会）”可知，是对过去情况的虚拟，wish 后的宾语从句对过去的虚拟要使用过去完成时 had done。故选 C。小提示：wish 后跟宾语从句要用虚拟语气，对过去情况的虚拟，谓语动词用过去完成时 had done；对现在情况的虚拟，谓语动词用过去式；对将来情况的虚拟，谓语动词用 would/could/might+动词原形。35、Just my luck!_ my umbrella this morning,I wouldnt be trapped here now.AShould I takeBHad I takenCWere I to takeDWould I take 答案：B 解析：17 考查虚拟语气的倒装。句意：我太倒霉了！如果我今天早上带了雨伞，我现在就不会被困在这儿了。根据句意可知，该句是虚拟语气，根据 this morning 判断从句是对过去情况的虚拟，从句应用过去完成时 had done 表达，又从句中省略了 if，故将助动词 had 提前，构成部分倒装句；完整结构是 if I had taken,省略之后是 had I taken。故选 B 项。小提示：本题考查虚拟语气的倒装 在 if 引导的虚拟条件状语从句中，如果从句有 were,had(助动词)，should 可以省略 if 然后将它们置于句首。例如：If I were you,I would choose to stay at home.=were I you,I would choose to stay at home.如果我是你，我就选择待在家。If you had taken my advice yesterday,you would be better now.=had you taken my advice yesterday,you would be better now.如果你昨天听了我的话，你现在就好多了。If it shoul