高三限时训练题.doc

2015年1月高三英语限时训练
New genetic analysis has revealed that many Amazon tree species are likely to survive human-made climate warming in the coming century, contrary to previous findings that temperature increases would cause them to die out. A study, 36 in the latest edition of Ecology and Evolution, reveals the 37 age of some Amazonian tree species -- more than 8 million years -- and 38 shows that they have survived previous periods as warm as many of the global warming imagined periods 39 for the year 2100.
The authors write that, having survived warm periods in the past, the trees will 40 survive future warming, provided there are no other major environmental changes. 41 extreme droughts and forest fires will impact Amazonia as temperatures 42 , the trees will stand the direct impact of higher temperatures. The authors 43 that as well as reducing greenhouse gas emissions to minimize the risk of drought and fire, conservation policy should remain 44 on preventing deforestation for agriculture and mining.
The study disagrees with other recent researches which predicted tree species’ extinctions 45 relatively small increases in global average air temperatures.
Study co-author Dr Simon Lewis (UCL Geography) said the 46 were good news for Amazon tree species, but warned that drought and over-exploitation of the forest remained major 47 to the Amazon’s future.
Dr Lewis said: “The past cannot be compared directly with the future. while tree species seem likely to 48 higher air temperatures than today, the Amazon forest is being transformed for agriculture and 49 , and what remains is being degraded by logging, and increasingly split up by fields and roads.
“Species will not move as freely in today’s Amazon as they did in previous warm periods, when there was no human 50 . Similarly, today’s climate change is extremely fast, making comparisons with slower changes in the past 51 .”
“With a clearer 52 of the relative risks to the Amazon forest, we 53 that direct human impacts -- such as forest clearances for agriculture or mining -- should remain a key point of conservation policy. We also need more aggressive 54 to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to make minimum the risk of drought and fire impacts and 55 the future of most Amazon tree species.”
36. A. advertised B. described C. published D. presented
37. A. frightening B. surprising C. exciting D. interesting
38. A. still B. nevertheless C. however D. therefore
39. A. assess B. confirm C. forecast D. promise
40. A. particularly B. probably C. merely D. possibly
41. A. Since B. Although C. When D. If
42. A. rise B. change C. drop D. end
43. A. consider B. decide C. guarantee D. recommend
44. A. based B. built C. focused D. made
45. A. in relation to B. in response to C. in reply to D. in reference to
46. A. findings B. thoughts C. inventions D. writings
47. A. threats B. disadvantages C. embarrassments D. instructions
48. A. accept B. tolerate C. permit D. Require
49. A. farming B. planting C. catering D. mining
50. A. power B. influence C. desire D. violence
51. A. difficult B. clear C. easy D. important
52. A. belief B. direction C. understanding D. suggestion
53. A. doubt B. conclude C. calculate D. prefer
54. A. thought B. guidance C. protection D. action
55. A. secure B. advance C. sacrifice D. evaluate
阅读理解:
We can begin our discussion of “population as global issue” with what most persons mean when they discuss “the population problem”: too many people on earth and a too rapid increase in the number added each year. The facts are not in dispute, It was quite right to employ the analogy that likened demographic growth to “a long, thin powder fuse that burns steadily and haltingly until it finally reaches the charge and explodes.”
To understand the current situation, which is characterized by rapid increases in population, it is necessary to understand the history of population trends. Rapid growth is a comparatively recent phenomenon. Looking back at the 8,000 years of demographic history, we find that populations have been virtually stable or growing very slightly for most of human history. For most of our ancestors, life was hard, often nasty, and very short. There was high fertility in most places, but this was usually balanced by high mortality. For most of human history, it was seldom the case that one in ten persons would live past forty, while infancy and childhood were especially risky periods. Often, societies were in clear danger of extinction because death rates could exceed their birthrates. Thus, the population problem throughout most of history was how to prevent extinction of the human race.
This pattern is important to notice. Not only does it put the current problems of demographic growth into a historical perspective, but it suggests that the cause of rapid increase in population in recent years is not a sudden enthusiasm for more children, but an improvement in the conditions that traditionally have caused high mortality.
Demographic history can be divided into two major periods: a time of long, slow growth which extended from about 8,000 BC.till approximately AD. 1650. In the first period of some 9600 years, the population increased from some 8 million to 500 million in 1650. Between 1650 and the present, the population has increased from 500 million to more than 4 billion. And it is  estimated that by the year 2000 there will be 6.2 billion people throughout the world. One way to appreciate this dramatic difference in such abstract numbers is to reduce the time frame to something that is more manageable. Between 8000BC and 1650, an average of only 50,000 persons was being added annually to the world’s population each year. At present, this number is added every six hours. The increase is about 80,000,000 persons annually. 
1.Which of the following demographic growth pattern is most suitable for the long thin powder fuse analogy?
A.A virtually stable or slightly decreasing period and then a sudden explosion of population.
B.A slow growth for a long time and then a period of rapid, dramatic increase.
C. Too many people on earth and a few rapid increase in the number added each year.
D.A long period when death rates exceeds birthrates and then a short period with higher fertility and lower mortality.
2.During the first period of demographic history, societies were often in danger of extinction because___.
A. only one in ten persons could live past 40.
B. there was higher mortality than fertility in most places.
C. it was too dangerous to have babies due to the poor conditions.
D. our ancestors had little enthusiasm for more children.
3. Which statement is true about population increase?
A. There might be an increase of 2.2 billion persons from now to the year 2000.
B. About 50,000 babies are born every six hours at present.
C. Between 8000 BC and the present, the population increase is about 80,000,000 persons each
year.
D. The population increased faster between 8000BC and 1650 than between 1650 and the
present.
4.The author of the passage intends to___.
A. warn people against the population explosion in the near future.
B. compare the demographic growth pattern in the past with that after 1650.
C. find out the cause for rapid increase in population in recent years.
D. present us a clear and complete picture of the demographic growth.
B
　　I had an experience some years ago which taught me something about the ways in which people make a bad situation worse by blaming themselves. One January, I had to officiate at two funerals on successive days for two elderly women in my community. Both had died "full of years," as the Bible would say; both yielded to the normal wearing out of the body after a long and full life. Their homes happened to be near each other, so I paid condolence (吊唁) calls on the two families on the same afternoon.
　　At the first home, the son of the deceased (已故的) woman said to me, "If only I had sent my mother to Florida and gotten her out of this cold and snow, she would be alive today. It's my fault that she died." At the second home, the son of the other deceased woman said, "If only I hadn't insisted on my mother's going to Florida, she would be alive today. That long airplane ride, the abrupt change of climate, was more than she could take. It's my fault that she's dead."
　　When things don't turn out as we would like them to, it is very tempting to assume that had we done things differently, the story would have had a happier ending. Priests know that any time there is a death, the survivors will feel guilty. Because the course of action they took turned out badly, they believe that the opposite course - keeping Mother at home, postponing the operation C would have turned out better. After all, how could it have turned out any worse?
　　There seem to be two elements involved in our readiness to feel guilt. The first is our pressing need to believe that the world makes sense, that there is a cause for every effect and a reason for everything that happens. That leads us to find patterns and connections both where they really exist and where they exist only in our minds.
　　The second element is the notion that we are the cause of what happens, especially the bad things that happen. It seems to be a short step from believing that every event has a cause to believing that every disaster is our fault. The roots of this feeling may lie in our childhood. Psychologists speak of the infantile myth of omnipotence (万能). A baby comes to think that the world exists to meet his needs, and that he makes everything happen in it. He wakes up in the morning and summons the rest of the world to its tasks. He cries, and someone comes to attend to him. When he is hungry, people feed him, and when he is wet, people change him. Very often, we do not completely outgrow that infantile notion that our wishes cause things to happen.
6. What is said about the two deceased elderly women?
　A. They lived out a natural life.
　B .They died of exhaustion after the long plane ride.
　C .They weren't accustomed to the change in weather.
　 D. They died due to lack of care by family members.
7. The author had to conduct the two women's funerals probably because ________.
　A. he wanted to console the two families
　B. he was an official from the community
　C. he had great sympathy for the deceased
　D. he was priest of the local church
8. People feel guilty for the deaths of their loved ones because ________
　A. they couldn't find a better way to express their grief
　B. they believe that they were responsible
　C. they had neglected the natural course of events
　D. they didn't know things often turn out in the opposite direction
9. In the context of the passage, "... the world makes sense" (Line 2, Para, 4) probably means
that ________.
　A. everything in the world is predetermined
　B. the world can be interpreted in different ways
　C. there's an explanation for everything in the world
　D. we have to be sensible in order to understand the world
10. People have been made to believe since infancy that ________.
　A. everybody is at their command
　B. life and death is an unsolved mystery
　C. every story should have a happy ending
　D. their wishes are the cause of everything that happens
C
　Frustrated with delays in Sacramento, Bay Area officials said Thursday they planned to take matters into their own hands to regulate the region's growing pile of electronic trash.
　　A San Jose councilwoman and a San Francisco supervisor said they would propose local initiatives aimed at controlling electronic waste if the California law-making body fails to act on two bills stalled in the Assembly~ They are among a growing number of California cities and counties that have expressed the same intention.
　　Environmentalists and local governments are increasingly concerned about the toxic hazard posed by old electronic devices and the cost of safely recycling those products. An estimated 6 million televisions and computers are stocked in California homes, and an additional 6,000 to 7,000 computers become outdated every day. The machines contain high levels of lead and other hazardous substances, and are already banned from California landfills (垃圾填埋场).
　　Legislation by Senator Byron Sher would require consumers to pay a recycling fee of up to $30 on every new machine containing a cathode (阴极) ray tube. Used in almost all video monitors and televisions, those devices contain four to eight pounds of lead each. The fees would go toward setting up recycling programs, providing grants to non-profit agencies that reuse the tubes and rewarding manufacturers that encourage recycling.
　　A separate bill by Los Angeles-area Senator Gloria Romero would require high-tech manufacturers to develop programs to recycle so-called e-waste.
　　If passed, the measures would put California at the forefront of national efforts to manage the refuse of the electronic age.
　　But high-tech groups, including the Silicon Valley Manufacturing Group and the American Electronics Association, oppose the measures, arguing that fees of up to $30 will drive consumers to online, out-of-state retailers.
"What really needs to occur is consumer education. Most consumers are unaware they're not supposed to throw computers in the trash," said Roxanne Gould, vice president of government relations for the electronics association.
Computer recycling should be a local effort and part of residential waste collection programs, she added.
　　Recycling electronic waste is a dangerous and specialized matter, and environmentalists maintain the state must support recycling efforts and ensure that the job isn't contracted to unscrupulous ( 毫无顾忌的 ) junk dealers who send the toxic parts overseas.
　　"The graveyard of the high-tech revolution is ending up in rural China," said Ted Smith, director of the Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition. His group is pushing for an amendment to Sher's bill that would prevent the export of e-waste.
11. What step were Bay Area officials going to take regarding e-waste disposal.'?
　A. Exert pressure on manufacturers of electronic devices.
　B. Lay down relevant local regulations themselves.
　C. Lobby the lawmakers of the California Assembly.
　D. Rally support to pass the stalled bills.
12. The two bills stalled in the California Assembly both concern ________.
　A. regulations on dumping hazardous substances into landfills
　B. the sale of used electronic devices to foreign countries
　C. the funding of local initiatives to reuse electronic trash
　D. the reprocessing of the huge amounts of electronic waste in the s