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人体解剖学英汉名词对照 一、总论 1.解剖学分类   (Classification of Anatomy) anatomy   解剖学 * human anatomy, anthropotomy   人类解剖学 systematic anatomy   系统解剖学 regional (topographic) anatomy, topology局部解剖学 gross (macroscopic) anatomy   大体解剖学,巨视解剖学 microscopic anatomy   显微解剖学 macro-microscopic anatomy   巨-微解剖学 sectional anatomy   断面解剖学 pathological (morbid) anatomy   病理解剖学 neuroanatomy   神经解剖学 chemical neuroanatomy   化学解剖学 developmental anatomy   发生(或发育) histologic anatomy   组织解剖学 histology  组织学 embryology   胚胎学 anthropology   人类学 2.一般解剖学术语 (General Anatomical Terms) dissection,dissect (v.)  解剖,解剖标本 normality, normal (a.)   正常 abnormality , abnormal  异常 variation  变异 deformity, malformation   畸形 specimen  标本 model  模型 3. 方位术语 (Positional Terms) anatomical position   解剖学姿势   (1)  方位的形容词(positional adjectives) inferior, lower   下 superior, upper   上 anterior   前侧 posterior     后侧 ventral (dorsal)     腹(背)侧 medial (lateral)     内(外)侧 intermediate     中间 internal, interior, inner, inside     内 external, exterior, outer, outside     外 superficial     浅 deep, profound     深 proximal   (distal)     近(远)侧 ulnar (radial)     尺(桡)侧 tibial (fibular)   胫(腓)侧 palmar   掌侧 plantar   足底 left     左 right   右   middle   中   median   正中   (2)   轴和面(Axes and Planes)  axis (pl. axes),axial (a.)   轴  vertical (perpendicular) axis, longitudinal    axis   垂直轴, 纵轴  coronal (frontal) axis   冠(额)状轴  sagittal axis   矢状轴  plane   (平)面  horizontal (transverse) plane   水平面,  横平面  coronal (frontal) plane   冠(额)状面  sagittal plane   矢状面  median sagittal plane   正中矢状面  transverse section   横切面  longitudinal section   纵切面  4.   人体的分部和分区  (Toponym and Zonation of the Human    body)  头   (Head)  heat     头(的)  Skull,craniun,cranial (a.)   颅  front, frontal, region     额区  perietal   region   顶区  occiput, occipital region   枕区  Face, facial (a.)     面  orbit, orbital   region   眶区  nose, nasal region   鼻区  mouth, oral region   口区 chin, mental region   颌区  ear, auditory region   耳区  颈   (Neck)  neck, collum, cervical & jugular (a.)   颈  anterior region of neck, anterior of neck     颈前区  carotid triangle     颈动脉三角  muscular triangle     肌三角,肩胛舌骨肌气管三角 sternocleidomastoid region   胸锁乳突肌区 supraclavicular triangle   锁骨上三角  posterior region of neck, nuchal region     颈后区,项区  nape, nucha, nuchal (a.)   项  root of neck   颈根部  躯干   (Trunk)  trunk, truncus     躯干  Median anterior line   前正中线  sternal line     胸骨线  parasternal line     胸骨旁线  midclavicular line     锁骨中线  anterior (posterior) axillary line   腋前(后)  线  midaxillary line     腋中线  scapular line     肩胛线  median posterior line     后正中线  Back, dorsal     背  vertebral region     脊柱区  sacral region       骶区  scapular region     肩胛下区  lumbar region     腰  Chest, thorax, thoracic (a.)   胸  sternal region     胸骨(前)区  infraclavicular   fossa   锁骨下窝  Abdomen, abdominal (a.)   腹  Hypochondriac   季肋区  epigastric region   腹上区  lateral region of abdomem   腹外侧区  umbilical region     脐区 inguinal region, iliac region,     腹股沟区,  髂区  inguinal triangle   腹股沟三角,海氏三角 pubic region, hypogastric region     耻区,腹下区 Pelvis,pelvic(a. )     盆部 Perineum,perineal (a.)     会阴 anal region       肛区  urogenital region       尿生殖区  四肢   (Limbs)  limbs, extremities     四肢 Upper limbs (extremities)     上肢 Shoulder   肩 axilla, axillary region     腋区  Free upper limb     自由上肢  arm,brachial (a.)   臂 anterior (posterior ) brachial region     臂前(后)区 elbow, cubital, (a.)   肘  forearm, antebrachial (a.)   前臂  anterior (posterior ) antebrachial region   前     臂前(后)区  hand, manual (a.)     手  wrist, carpal (a.)     腕  palm, palmar, metacarpal (a.)     掌  back (palm) of hand     手背(掌)  finger, digital (a.)   手指  thumb     拇指  index finger     示指  middle finger   中指  ring finger     环指  little finger     小指  Lower limb     下肢  hip, coxal (a.)     髋  buttock, gluteal region     臀区 Free lower limb     自由下肢  anterior (posterior) region of thigh     股前     (后)区  femoral triangle     股三角  medial region of thigh     股内侧区  knee, geniculate (a.)     膝  anterior (posterior) region of knee     膝前 (后)区  leg, crural (a.)     小腿  anterior (posterior) crural region     小腿前后)区  foot,   pedal (a.)     足  dorsum of foot     足背  sole, planta (pl. plantae)     足底  toes     足趾  great toe   足母趾 人体解剖学词汇 骨学 osteology     骨学     * bone,bony   骨   skeleton,skletal (a.)     骨骼   long (short,flat) bone   长(短,扁)骨   irregular bone     不规则骨   pneumatic bone   含气骨   sesamoid bone     籽骨,   shaft,diaphysis     骨干,骨体   bony(osseous)substance     骨质   compact(spongy)bone     骨密(松)质   trabeculae     骨小梁   periosteum     (外)膜   endosteum     骨内膜   medullary     髓腔   red(yellow)bone marrow     红(黄)骨髓   中轴骨骼(Axial Skeleton)   躯干骨(Bones of Trunk)   * Vertebral(spinel)column   脊柱   * vertebral   canal     椎管   intervertebral foramen   椎间孔   cervical (thoracic, lumbar, sacral)   curvature   颈(胸,腰,骶)曲   vertebra ( pl. vertebrae)   椎骨   vertebral body (arch)   椎体(弓)   pedicle of vertebral arch   椎弓根   lamina of vertebral arch   椎弓板   vertebral foramen   椎孔   spinous process   棘突   transverse process   横突   superior (inferior) articular process   上(下)      关节突   cervical vertebrae   颈椎   atlas   寰椎   axis   枢椎   prominent vertebrae   隆椎   thoracic vertebrae胸椎   lumbar vertebrae   腰椎   sacrum,sacral bone   骶骨   coccyx   尾骨   thoracic cavity   胸腔   superior (inferior) aperture of thorax   胸廓上下口   costal arch   肋弓   intercostals space   肋间隙   infrasternal angle   胸骨下角   * ribs ,costa(costae)   肋   * sternum   胸骨   Sternal manubrium 胸骨柄   Sternal angle (body) 胸骨角(体)   Xiphoid process   剑突   颅骨(skull)   cerebral cranium 脑颅   cranial cavity颅腔   calvaria 颅盖   pterion 翼点   jugular foramen颈静脉孔   internal surface of base of skull 颅底内面   anterior (middle,posterior) cranial fossa 颅前中,后)窝   facial cranium 面颅     orbit 眶   bony nasal cavity 骨性鼻腔   piriform aperture,anterior nasal aperture 梨      状孔,鼻前孔   posterior nasal aperture鼻后孔   bony septum of nose 骨鼻中隔   superior (middle, inferior) meatus of nose 上(中,下)鼻道     temporal fossa 颞窝   zugomatic arch 颧弓   infratemporal fossa 颞下窝   pterygopalatine fossa 翼腭窝   cranial fontaelles 颅囟   anterior (posterior) fontanelle 前(后)囟   anterolateral (posterolateral) fontanelle前 (后)外侧囟   cranial bones   脑颅骨   occipital bone   枕骨   large foramen of occipital bone   枕骨大孔   external occipital protuberance枕外隆凸   superior (inferior) nuchal line 上(下)项线   sulcus for transverse sinus, transversesulcus 横窦沟   sphenoid bone 蝶骨   hypophyseal fossa 垂体窝   optic canal 视神经管   round (oval,spinous)foramen 圆(卵圆, 棘)孔   temporal bone 颞骨   petrous part 岩部   mastoid process 乳突   carotid canal 颈动脉管   tympanic tegmen 鼓室盖   arcuate eminence 弓状隆起   trigeminal impression 三叉神经压迹   internal acoustic pore (port) 内耳门   internal acoustic meatus (canal) 内耳道   jugular fossa   颈静脉窝   styloid process   茎突   stylomastoid foramen   茎乳孔   facial canal   面神经管   external acoustic pore (canal ) 外耳门(道)   parietal,parietal bone 顶骨   parietal tuber (foramen) 顶结节(孔)   frontal bone 额骨   frontal squama (tuber) 额鳞(结节)   superciliary arch 眉弓   supraorbital notch (foramen) 眶上切迹   fossa for lacrimal gland 泪腺窝   ethmoid bone 筛骨   cribriform plate (foramen) 筛板(孔)   facial bones 面颅骨   inferior nasal concha 下鼻甲   lacrimal bone 泪骨   nasal bone鼻骨   vomer梨骨   * maxilla上颌骨   palatine bone 腭骨     zygomatic bone 颧骨   * mandible 下颌骨   ramous(angle) of mandible 下颌支(角)   masseteric tuberosity 咬肌粗隆   coronoid process 冠突   condylar process 髁突   hyoid bone 舌骨   附肢骨骼(Appendicular skeleton)   shoulder girdle 上肢带骨,肩带骨   scapula 肩胛骨   acromion 肩峰   superior(medial,lateral)border 上(下,外      侧)缘   coracoid process 喙突   superior (inferior, lateral) angle上(下,外  侧)角   glenoid cavity关节盂   * clavicle 锁骨   bones of free upper limb 自由上肢骨   * Humerus 肱骨   head of humerus 肱骨头   anatomical(surgical)neck 解剖(外科)颈   greater(lesser)tubercle 大(小)结节   crest of greater(lesser)tubercle大(小)结      节嵴   sulcus (groove)for radial n. 桡神经沟   deltoid tuberosity 三角肌粗隆   trochlea of humerus 肱骨滑车   olecranon (coronoid, radial) fossa 鹰嘴 (冠突,桡)窝      medial (lateral) epicondyle 内(外)上髁   sulcus for ulnar nerve 尺神经沟   * radius 桡骨   head (neck) of radius 桡骨头(颈)   articular circumference 环状关节面   radial tuberosity 桡骨粗隆   interosseous border 骨间缘   styloid process 茎突   ulnal notch 尺切迹   carpal articular surface 腕关节面   * uana 尺骨   olecranon   鹰嘴   coronoid process 冠突   ulnal tuberosity   尺骨粗隆   trochleal(radial)notch 滑车(桡)切迹   head of ulna 尺骨头   bones of hand 手骨   carpal bones   腕骨   scaphoid bone   手舟骨   lunate bone   月骨   triangular bone   三角骨   pisiform bone   豌豆骨   trapezium bone   大多角骨   trapezoid bone   小多角骨   capitate bone   头状骨   hamate bone   钩骨   hamulus (hook) of hamate bone钩骨钩   Metacarpal bones   掌骨   phalanges(bones) of fingers   指骨   proximal (middle, distal) phalanx近(中, 远)指(或趾)骨   下肢骨   (Bones of lower limb)   pelvic girdle   下肢带骨,盆带骨   * hip bone   髋骨   acetabulum   髋臼   acetabular fossa (notch) 髋臼窝(切迹)   obturator foramen   闭孔   * Ilium   髂骨   body (ala) of ilium   髂骨体(翼)   arcuate line   弓状线   iliac crest 髂嵴   Tubercle   髂结节   Anterior superior (inferior) iliac spine   髂前上(下)棘   Posterior superior (inferior) iliac spine髂后上(下)棘   Iliac fossa 髂窝   Auricular surface   耳状面   Iliac tuberosity 髂粗隆   * Ischium 坐骨   Greater (lesser) sciatic notch   坐骨大(小)切迹   * Pubis   耻骨   Symphsial surface 耻骨联合面   superior (inferior) ramus of pubis 耻骨上下支   ililopubic eminence 髂耻隆起   pecten of pubis   耻骨梳   bones of free lower limb 自由下肢骨   * femur   股骨   fovea of femoral head 股骨头凹   head (neck) of femur 股骨头(颈)   greater (lesser) trochanter 大小转子   intertrochanteric line   转子间线   intertrochanteric crest 转子间嵴   linea aspera,rough line of femur 粗线   pectineal line   耻骨肌线   gluteal tuberosity 臀肌粗隆   popliteal surface腘面   medial (lateral) condyle 内(外)侧髁   adductor tubercle 收肌结节   intercondylar fossa 髁间窝   medial (lateral) epicondyle 内外上髁   patella 髌骨   * tibia 胫骨   intercondylar eminence 髁间隆起   shaft (tuberosity) of tibia 胫骨体粗隆   soleal line 比目鱼肌线   medial (lateral) malleolus 内外髁   Fibula,perone   腓骨   bones of foot 足骨   tarsal bones   跗骨   talus 距骨   calcaneus   跟骨   navicular bone 足舟骨   medial cuneiform bone内侧楔骨   lateral cuneiform bone 中间楔骨   intermediate cuneiform bone 内侧楔骨   cuboid bone 骰骨   metatarsal bones 跖骨   phalanges (bones) of toes 趾骨 synosteology   关节学,关节解剖学   articulation   连结,关节   joint   关节,连结   synovial joints   滑膜关节   fibrous   纤维连结   syndesmosis   韧带连结   suture   缝   cartilaginous joints   软骨连结   synchondrosis (pl. synchondroses) (透明软骨)结合        symphysis (pl.symphyses)(纤维软骨)联合   synostosis (pl. synostoses synosteosis) 骨性      结合   articular surface (cavity)   关节面(腔)   articular disk   关节盘   articular labrum 关节唇   articular capsule   关节囊   fibrous layer (membrane)   纤维层,纤维膜   synovial layer (membrane) 滑膜层,滑膜   synovial fold (villi)   滑膜襞   synovial fluid   滑液   ligament (lig.)   韧带   extracapsular lig. 囊外韧带   intracapsular lig. 囊内韧带   Action   动作,作用   flexion,flexor (m.),flex (v.) 屈   extension,extensor (m.), extense (v.)   伸   adduction,addutor (m.), adduct (v.)   收   abduction,abdutor (m.), abduct (v.)   展   Medial (lateral) rotation   旋内(外)   pronation,pronator (m.), pronate (v.)   旋前   supination, supinator(m.), supinate(v.) 旋后   circumduction   环转运动   中轴骨骼的连结 (Joints of the Axial Skeleton)   vertebral joints   椎骨连结   yellow lig. 黄韧带   ionterspinous lig.   棘间韧带   intertransverse lig.   横突间韧带   supraspinous lig.   棘上韧带   Intervertebral symphysis   椎间联合   interverbral discs   椎间盘   Fibrous rings   纤维环   Pulpiform nucleus   髓核   Anterior longitudinal   前纵韧带   Posterior longitudinal   前后韧带   Zygapophysial joint   关节突关节   Lumbosacral joint     腰骶连结   Costovertebral joints   肋椎关节   Joint of costal head   肋头关节   Costotransverse joint   肋横突关节   Sternocostal joints   胸肋关节   Cranial suture 颅缝   Coronal (sagittal) suture 冠矢状缝   Lambdoid suture   人字缝   Synchondroses of cranium   颅结合   Temporomandibular joint   颞下颌关节   附肢骨骼的连结   (Joints of   the appendicular Skeleton)   joints of shoulder girdle   上肢带连结   coracoacromial lig.   喙间韧带   Coracoclavicular lig.   喙锁韧带   Acromioclavicular joint   肩锁关节   Sternoclavicular joint   胸锁关节   Joints of free upper limb 自由上肢连结   Shoulder joint   肩关节   Elbow joint   肘关节   Humeroulnar joint   肱尺关节   Humeroradial joint   肱桡关节   Joints of hand   手关节   Radiocarpal joint ,wrist joint   桡腕关节,腕关节   Intercarpal joints   腕骨间关节   Carpometacarpal joints   腕掌关节   Carpometacarpal joint of thumb   拇指腕掌关节   Intermetacarpal joints掌骨间关节   Metacarpophalangeal joints   掌指关节   Interphalangeal joints of hand   指骨间关节   Joints of pelvic girdle   下肢带连结   Pubic symphysis   耻骨联合   Interpubic disc   耻骨间盘   Obturator membrane   闭孔膜   Sacroiliac joints   骶髂关节   Sacrotuberous lig.   骶结节韧带   Greater (lesser) sciatic foramen   坐骨大(小)孔   Pelvis   骨盆   Terminal line   界线   Greater (lesser) pelvis   大小骨盆   Superior (posterior) pelvic aperture   骨盆上下口   Pubic arch   耻骨弓   Subpubic angle   耻骨下角   Pelvic cavity   骨盆腔   Joints of free lower limb   自由下肢连结   Hip joint   髋关节   Transverse acetabular lig.   髋臼横韧带   Ligament of head of femur   股骨头韧带   Knee joint   膝关节   Medial (lateral) meniscus   内外侧半月板   Transverse lig.of knee   膝横韧带   Anterior cruciate lig.   前交叉韧带   Posterior cruciate lig.   后交叉韧带   Fibular (tibial) collateral lig.   腓(胫)侧副韧带   Ligament of patella   髌韧带   Tibiofibular joint   胫腓关节   Tibiofibular syndesmosis 胫腓连结   Crural interosseous membrane   小腿骨间膜   Joints of foot   足关节   talocrural joint,   ankle joint   距小腿关节,踝关节   intertarsal joints     跗骨间关节   subtalar joint, talocalcaneal joint     距下关节,距跟关节   transverse tarsal joint       跗横关节   talocalcaneonavicular joint       距跟舟关节   tarsometatarsal joint     跗跖关节   intermetatarsal joints     跖骨间关节   metatarsophalangeal joint       跖趾关节   interphalangeal joints of foot     跖骨间关节   arch of foot, tarsometatarsal arch     足弓,跗跖弓   medial (latera
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