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人体解剖学英汉名词对照
一、总论
1.解剖学分类 (Classification of Anatomy)
anatomy 解剖学
* human anatomy, anthropotomy 人类解剖学
systematic anatomy 系统解剖学
regional (topographic) anatomy, topology局部解剖学
gross (macroscopic) anatomy 大体解剖学,巨视解剖学
microscopic anatomy 显微解剖学
macro-microscopic anatomy 巨-微解剖学
sectional anatomy 断面解剖学
pathological (morbid) anatomy 病理解剖学
neuroanatomy 神经解剖学
chemical neuroanatomy 化学解剖学
developmental anatomy 发生(或发育)
histologic anatomy 组织解剖学
histology 组织学
embryology 胚胎学
anthropology 人类学
2.一般解剖学术语 (General Anatomical Terms)
dissection,dissect (v.) 解剖,解剖标本
normality, normal (a.) 正常
abnormality , abnormal 异常
variation 变异
deformity, malformation 畸形
specimen 标本
model 模型
3. 方位术语 (Positional Terms)
anatomical position 解剖学姿势
(1) 方位的形容词(positional adjectives)
inferior, lower 下
superior, upper 上
anterior 前侧
posterior 后侧
ventral (dorsal) 腹(背)侧
medial (lateral) 内(外)侧
intermediate 中间
internal, interior, inner, inside 内
external, exterior, outer, outside 外
superficial 浅
deep, profound 深
proximal (distal) 近(远)侧
ulnar (radial) 尺(桡)侧
tibial (fibular) 胫(腓)侧
palmar 掌侧
plantar 足底
left 左
right 右
middle 中
median 正中
(2) 轴和面(Axes and Planes)
axis (pl. axes),axial (a.) 轴
vertical (perpendicular) axis, longitudinal
axis 垂直轴, 纵轴
coronal (frontal) axis 冠(额)状轴
sagittal axis 矢状轴
plane (平)面
horizontal (transverse) plane 水平面,
横平面
coronal (frontal) plane 冠(额)状面
sagittal plane 矢状面
median sagittal plane 正中矢状面
transverse section 横切面
longitudinal section 纵切面
4. 人体的分部和分区
(Toponym and Zonation of the Human
body)
头 (Head)
heat 头(的)
Skull,craniun,cranial (a.) 颅
front, frontal, region 额区
perietal region 顶区
occiput, occipital region 枕区
Face, facial (a.) 面
orbit, orbital region 眶区
nose, nasal region 鼻区
mouth, oral region 口区
chin, mental region 颌区
ear, auditory region 耳区
颈 (Neck)
neck, collum, cervical & jugular (a.) 颈
anterior region of neck, anterior of neck
颈前区
carotid triangle 颈动脉三角
muscular triangle 肌三角,肩胛舌骨肌气管三角
sternocleidomastoid region 胸锁乳突肌区
supraclavicular triangle 锁骨上三角
posterior region of neck, nuchal region 颈后区,项区
nape, nucha, nuchal (a.) 项
root of neck 颈根部
躯干 (Trunk)
trunk, truncus 躯干
Median anterior line 前正中线
sternal line 胸骨线
parasternal line 胸骨旁线
midclavicular line 锁骨中线
anterior (posterior) axillary line 腋前(后) 线
midaxillary line 腋中线
scapular line 肩胛线
median posterior line 后正中线
Back, dorsal 背
vertebral region 脊柱区
sacral region 骶区
scapular region 肩胛下区
lumbar region 腰
Chest, thorax, thoracic (a.) 胸
sternal region 胸骨(前)区
infraclavicular fossa 锁骨下窝
Abdomen, abdominal (a.) 腹
Hypochondriac 季肋区
epigastric region 腹上区
lateral region of abdomem 腹外侧区
umbilical region 脐区
inguinal region, iliac region, 腹股沟区,
髂区
inguinal triangle 腹股沟三角,海氏三角
pubic region, hypogastric region 耻区,腹下区
Pelvis,pelvic(a. ) 盆部
Perineum,perineal (a.) 会阴
anal region 肛区
urogenital region 尿生殖区
四肢 (Limbs)
limbs, extremities 四肢
Upper limbs (extremities) 上肢
Shoulder 肩
axilla, axillary region 腋区
Free upper limb 自由上肢
arm,brachial (a.) 臂
anterior (posterior ) brachial region 臂前(后)区
elbow, cubital, (a.) 肘
forearm, antebrachial (a.) 前臂
anterior (posterior ) antebrachial region 前
臂前(后)区
hand, manual (a.) 手
wrist, carpal (a.) 腕
palm, palmar, metacarpal (a.) 掌
back (palm) of hand 手背(掌)
finger, digital (a.) 手指
thumb 拇指
index finger 示指
middle finger 中指
ring finger 环指
little finger 小指
Lower limb 下肢
hip, coxal (a.) 髋
buttock, gluteal region 臀区
Free lower limb 自由下肢
anterior (posterior) region of thigh 股前
(后)区
femoral triangle 股三角
medial region of thigh 股内侧区
knee, geniculate (a.) 膝
anterior (posterior) region of knee 膝前 (后)区
leg, crural (a.) 小腿
anterior (posterior) crural region 小腿前后)区
foot, pedal (a.) 足
dorsum of foot 足背
sole, planta (pl. plantae) 足底
toes 足趾
great toe 足母趾
人体解剖学词汇 骨学
osteology 骨学
* bone,bony 骨
skeleton,skletal (a.) 骨骼
long (short,flat) bone 长(短,扁)骨
irregular bone 不规则骨
pneumatic bone 含气骨
sesamoid bone 籽骨,
shaft,diaphysis 骨干,骨体
bony(osseous)substance 骨质
compact(spongy)bone 骨密(松)质
trabeculae 骨小梁
periosteum (外)膜
endosteum 骨内膜
medullary 髓腔
red(yellow)bone marrow 红(黄)骨髓
中轴骨骼(Axial Skeleton)
躯干骨(Bones of Trunk)
* Vertebral(spinel)column 脊柱
* vertebral canal 椎管
intervertebral foramen 椎间孔
cervical (thoracic, lumbar, sacral)
curvature 颈(胸,腰,骶)曲
vertebra ( pl. vertebrae) 椎骨
vertebral body (arch) 椎体(弓)
pedicle of vertebral arch 椎弓根
lamina of vertebral arch 椎弓板
vertebral foramen 椎孔
spinous process 棘突
transverse process 横突
superior (inferior) articular process 上(下)
关节突
cervical vertebrae 颈椎
atlas 寰椎
axis 枢椎
prominent vertebrae 隆椎
thoracic vertebrae胸椎
lumbar vertebrae 腰椎
sacrum,sacral bone 骶骨
coccyx 尾骨
thoracic cavity 胸腔
superior (inferior) aperture of thorax 胸廓上下口
costal arch 肋弓
intercostals space 肋间隙
infrasternal angle 胸骨下角
* ribs ,costa(costae) 肋
* sternum 胸骨
Sternal manubrium 胸骨柄
Sternal angle (body) 胸骨角(体)
Xiphoid process 剑突
颅骨(skull)
cerebral cranium 脑颅
cranial cavity颅腔
calvaria 颅盖
pterion 翼点
jugular foramen颈静脉孔
internal surface of base of skull 颅底内面
anterior (middle,posterior) cranial fossa 颅前中,后)窝
facial cranium 面颅
orbit 眶
bony nasal cavity 骨性鼻腔
piriform aperture,anterior nasal aperture 梨
状孔,鼻前孔
posterior nasal aperture鼻后孔
bony septum of nose 骨鼻中隔
superior (middle, inferior) meatus of nose 上(中,下)鼻道
temporal fossa 颞窝
zugomatic arch 颧弓
infratemporal fossa 颞下窝
pterygopalatine fossa 翼腭窝
cranial fontaelles 颅囟
anterior (posterior) fontanelle 前(后)囟
anterolateral (posterolateral) fontanelle前 (后)外侧囟
cranial bones 脑颅骨
occipital bone 枕骨
large foramen of occipital bone 枕骨大孔
external occipital protuberance枕外隆凸
superior (inferior) nuchal line 上(下)项线
sulcus for transverse sinus, transversesulcus 横窦沟
sphenoid bone 蝶骨
hypophyseal fossa 垂体窝
optic canal 视神经管
round (oval,spinous)foramen 圆(卵圆, 棘)孔
temporal bone 颞骨
petrous part 岩部
mastoid process 乳突
carotid canal 颈动脉管
tympanic tegmen 鼓室盖
arcuate eminence 弓状隆起
trigeminal impression 三叉神经压迹
internal acoustic pore (port) 内耳门
internal acoustic meatus (canal) 内耳道
jugular fossa 颈静脉窝
styloid process 茎突
stylomastoid foramen 茎乳孔
facial canal 面神经管
external acoustic pore (canal ) 外耳门(道)
parietal,parietal bone 顶骨
parietal tuber (foramen) 顶结节(孔)
frontal bone 额骨
frontal squama (tuber) 额鳞(结节)
superciliary arch 眉弓
supraorbital notch (foramen) 眶上切迹
fossa for lacrimal gland 泪腺窝
ethmoid bone 筛骨
cribriform plate (foramen) 筛板(孔)
facial bones 面颅骨
inferior nasal concha 下鼻甲
lacrimal bone 泪骨
nasal bone鼻骨
vomer梨骨
* maxilla上颌骨
palatine bone 腭骨
zygomatic bone 颧骨
* mandible 下颌骨
ramous(angle) of mandible 下颌支(角)
masseteric tuberosity 咬肌粗隆
coronoid process 冠突
condylar process 髁突
hyoid bone 舌骨
附肢骨骼(Appendicular skeleton)
shoulder girdle 上肢带骨,肩带骨
scapula 肩胛骨
acromion 肩峰
superior(medial,lateral)border 上(下,外
侧)缘
coracoid process 喙突
superior (inferior, lateral) angle上(下,外 侧)角
glenoid cavity关节盂
* clavicle 锁骨
bones of free upper limb 自由上肢骨
* Humerus 肱骨
head of humerus 肱骨头
anatomical(surgical)neck 解剖(外科)颈
greater(lesser)tubercle 大(小)结节
crest of greater(lesser)tubercle大(小)结
节嵴
sulcus (groove)for radial n. 桡神经沟
deltoid tuberosity 三角肌粗隆
trochlea of humerus 肱骨滑车
olecranon (coronoid, radial) fossa 鹰嘴 (冠突,桡)窝
medial (lateral) epicondyle 内(外)上髁
sulcus for ulnar nerve 尺神经沟
* radius 桡骨
head (neck) of radius 桡骨头(颈)
articular circumference 环状关节面
radial tuberosity 桡骨粗隆
interosseous border 骨间缘
styloid process 茎突
ulnal notch 尺切迹
carpal articular surface 腕关节面
* uana 尺骨
olecranon 鹰嘴
coronoid process 冠突
ulnal tuberosity 尺骨粗隆
trochleal(radial)notch 滑车(桡)切迹
head of ulna 尺骨头
bones of hand 手骨
carpal bones 腕骨
scaphoid bone 手舟骨
lunate bone 月骨
triangular bone 三角骨
pisiform bone 豌豆骨
trapezium bone 大多角骨
trapezoid bone 小多角骨
capitate bone 头状骨
hamate bone 钩骨
hamulus (hook) of hamate bone钩骨钩
Metacarpal bones 掌骨
phalanges(bones) of fingers 指骨
proximal (middle, distal) phalanx近(中, 远)指(或趾)骨
下肢骨 (Bones of lower limb)
pelvic girdle 下肢带骨,盆带骨
* hip bone 髋骨
acetabulum 髋臼
acetabular fossa (notch) 髋臼窝(切迹)
obturator foramen 闭孔
* Ilium 髂骨
body (ala) of ilium 髂骨体(翼)
arcuate line 弓状线
iliac crest 髂嵴
Tubercle 髂结节
Anterior superior (inferior) iliac spine 髂前上(下)棘
Posterior superior (inferior) iliac spine髂后上(下)棘
Iliac fossa 髂窝
Auricular surface 耳状面
Iliac tuberosity 髂粗隆
* Ischium 坐骨
Greater (lesser) sciatic notch 坐骨大(小)切迹
* Pubis 耻骨
Symphsial surface 耻骨联合面
superior (inferior) ramus of pubis 耻骨上下支
ililopubic eminence 髂耻隆起
pecten of pubis 耻骨梳
bones of free lower limb 自由下肢骨
* femur 股骨
fovea of femoral head 股骨头凹
head (neck) of femur 股骨头(颈)
greater (lesser) trochanter 大小转子
intertrochanteric line 转子间线
intertrochanteric crest 转子间嵴
linea aspera,rough line of femur 粗线
pectineal line 耻骨肌线
gluteal tuberosity 臀肌粗隆
popliteal surface腘面
medial (lateral) condyle 内(外)侧髁
adductor tubercle 收肌结节
intercondylar fossa 髁间窝
medial (lateral) epicondyle 内外上髁
patella 髌骨
* tibia 胫骨
intercondylar eminence 髁间隆起
shaft (tuberosity) of tibia 胫骨体粗隆
soleal line 比目鱼肌线
medial (lateral) malleolus 内外髁
Fibula,perone 腓骨
bones of foot 足骨
tarsal bones 跗骨
talus 距骨
calcaneus 跟骨
navicular bone 足舟骨
medial cuneiform bone内侧楔骨
lateral cuneiform bone 中间楔骨
intermediate cuneiform bone 内侧楔骨
cuboid bone 骰骨
metatarsal bones 跖骨
phalanges (bones) of toes 趾骨
synosteology 关节学,关节解剖学
articulation 连结,关节
joint 关节,连结
synovial joints 滑膜关节
fibrous 纤维连结
syndesmosis 韧带连结
suture 缝
cartilaginous joints 软骨连结
synchondrosis (pl. synchondroses) (透明软骨)结合
symphysis (pl.symphyses)(纤维软骨)联合
synostosis (pl. synostoses synosteosis) 骨性
结合
articular surface (cavity) 关节面(腔)
articular disk 关节盘
articular labrum 关节唇
articular capsule 关节囊
fibrous layer (membrane) 纤维层,纤维膜
synovial layer (membrane) 滑膜层,滑膜
synovial fold (villi) 滑膜襞
synovial fluid 滑液
ligament (lig.) 韧带
extracapsular lig. 囊外韧带
intracapsular lig. 囊内韧带
Action 动作,作用
flexion,flexor (m.),flex (v.) 屈
extension,extensor (m.), extense (v.) 伸
adduction,addutor (m.), adduct (v.) 收
abduction,abdutor (m.), abduct (v.) 展
Medial (lateral) rotation 旋内(外)
pronation,pronator (m.), pronate (v.) 旋前
supination, supinator(m.), supinate(v.) 旋后
circumduction 环转运动
中轴骨骼的连结 (Joints of the Axial Skeleton)
vertebral joints 椎骨连结
yellow lig. 黄韧带
ionterspinous lig. 棘间韧带
intertransverse lig. 横突间韧带
supraspinous lig. 棘上韧带
Intervertebral symphysis 椎间联合
interverbral discs 椎间盘
Fibrous rings 纤维环
Pulpiform nucleus 髓核
Anterior longitudinal 前纵韧带
Posterior longitudinal 前后韧带
Zygapophysial joint 关节突关节
Lumbosacral joint 腰骶连结
Costovertebral joints 肋椎关节
Joint of costal head 肋头关节
Costotransverse joint 肋横突关节
Sternocostal joints 胸肋关节
Cranial suture 颅缝
Coronal (sagittal) suture 冠矢状缝
Lambdoid suture 人字缝
Synchondroses of cranium 颅结合
Temporomandibular joint 颞下颌关节
附肢骨骼的连结 (Joints of the appendicular Skeleton)
joints of shoulder girdle 上肢带连结
coracoacromial lig. 喙间韧带
Coracoclavicular lig. 喙锁韧带
Acromioclavicular joint 肩锁关节
Sternoclavicular joint 胸锁关节
Joints of free upper limb 自由上肢连结
Shoulder joint 肩关节
Elbow joint 肘关节
Humeroulnar joint 肱尺关节
Humeroradial joint 肱桡关节
Joints of hand 手关节
Radiocarpal joint ,wrist joint 桡腕关节,腕关节
Intercarpal joints 腕骨间关节
Carpometacarpal joints 腕掌关节
Carpometacarpal joint of thumb 拇指腕掌关节
Intermetacarpal joints掌骨间关节
Metacarpophalangeal joints 掌指关节
Interphalangeal joints of hand 指骨间关节
Joints of pelvic girdle 下肢带连结
Pubic symphysis 耻骨联合
Interpubic disc 耻骨间盘
Obturator membrane 闭孔膜
Sacroiliac joints 骶髂关节
Sacrotuberous lig. 骶结节韧带
Greater (lesser) sciatic foramen 坐骨大(小)孔
Pelvis 骨盆
Terminal line 界线
Greater (lesser) pelvis 大小骨盆
Superior (posterior) pelvic aperture 骨盆上下口
Pubic arch 耻骨弓
Subpubic angle 耻骨下角
Pelvic cavity 骨盆腔
Joints of free lower limb 自由下肢连结
Hip joint 髋关节
Transverse acetabular lig. 髋臼横韧带
Ligament of head of femur 股骨头韧带
Knee joint 膝关节
Medial (lateral) meniscus 内外侧半月板
Transverse lig.of knee 膝横韧带
Anterior cruciate lig. 前交叉韧带
Posterior cruciate lig. 后交叉韧带
Fibular (tibial) collateral lig. 腓(胫)侧副韧带
Ligament of patella 髌韧带
Tibiofibular joint 胫腓关节
Tibiofibular syndesmosis 胫腓连结
Crural interosseous membrane 小腿骨间膜
Joints of foot 足关节
talocrural joint, ankle joint 距小腿关节,踝关节
intertarsal joints 跗骨间关节
subtalar joint, talocalcaneal joint 距下关节,距跟关节
transverse tarsal joint 跗横关节
talocalcaneonavicular joint 距跟舟关节
tarsometatarsal joint 跗跖关节
intermetatarsal joints 跖骨间关节
metatarsophalangeal joint 跖趾关节
interphalangeal joints of foot 跖骨间关节
arch of foot, tarsometatarsal arch 足弓,跗跖弓
medial (latera
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