语法专题一：定语从句.doc

省镇中高三英语二轮复习语法专题
语法专题一：定语从句
1. 定语从句的几个基本概念：
1) 先行词：即被定语从句修饰的名次或代词，通常位于定从的前面。
2) 先行词在从句中担当成份：根据不同成份，用相应的关系代词或关系副词。
3) 关系代词：即先行词在定从中作主、宾、表、定。
作主语：指物，则用that, which引导，且不能省略；指人，用that, who引导，不省略。
作宾语：即及物动词宾语和介词宾语： 指物，用that, which引导，可省略；
指人，用that, who, whom引导，可省略。
注意：如将介词提到了定从之首，先行词指人，只能用whom; 指物只能用which。
作表语：一般指人、指物皆用that, 可省略。
作定语：指人、指物皆用whose,不省略。
4) 关系副词：即先行词在定从中作状语，指时间用when, 地点用where, 原因用why，亦可用介词+which替代。
所谓作状语：即先行词不能直接放入从句中，需要有一个介词连接，而从句中却没有这个介词。
5) 非限制性定语从句：即用逗号与主句或先行词分开，用于补充说明。
(1) which: 用于指代先行词（物），或整个主句，不能省略。
(2) who / whom: 用于指代先行词（人），不能省略。
(3) all / some of + which / whom: 用于指代先行词的部分。
(4) as为关系代词， “正如、就像”的意思, 引导定从时可置于句首、句中或句末。
注意：在非限制性定从中，不能用that。
2. 一些特殊用法：
1) 一般只用that引导从句的情况：
(1) 限制性定语从句中，当先行词被强调，如被any, every, each, few, little, no, some, the only, the very等修饰时；
(2) 先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等时；
(3) 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时；
(4) 先行词既有人又有物时；
(5) 当句中已有who时，为避免重复。
2) 一般只用which引导从句的情况：
(1) 引导非限制性定语从句，指前面的某名词或它前面的整个主句时；
(2) 引导介词、介词短语提前的定语从句时；
(3）当先行词为集体名词时，着眼于整体，用which；着眼于各个成员，用who；
(4) 替代某些固定短语中的指示代词，如this, that等, 引导定从。
3) 由as引导的定语从句的几种常见情况：
(1) as引导非限制性定语从句，说明整个主句的内容，和which引导定语从句代替整个句子的区别是：which不能放在句首，而as则可以；在句中，as有“正如”、“就象”之意，而which则没有此意；
(2）当先行词前有the same，such修饰时，或在 “so / as…as”结构中，表示“那样……以致”，后用关系代词as引导限制性定语从句；
(3) 在such…as结构中，as为关系代词，替代先行词，引导的是定语从句；在such…that结构中，that为连词，引导的是一个完整的结果状语从句。
4) 当way作先行词时，可用that, in which或省略引导定从
5) 当先行词为situation, case, point, job, condition等时，常用where引导定从。
6) 当先行词为one of the +复数名词时，定从的谓动用复数动词；
当先行词为the (only)one of the +复数名词时，定从的谓动用单数动词；
巩固练习：
1. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ______ effects the people are still suffering.
A. that B. whose C. those D. what
2. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, ______ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students’ Union.
A. during which time B. for which time
C. during whose time D. by that time
3. I work in a business ______ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.
A. how B. which C. where D. that
4. The English play ______ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.
A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
5. New York, ______ I visited last year, is a nice old city.
A. that B. which C. when D. in which
6. I can think of many cases ______ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn't write a good essay.
A. why B. which C. as D. where
7. George Orwell, ______ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.
A. the real name B. what his real name
C. his real name D. whose real name
8. ______ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making
A. It B. As C. That D. What
9. American women usually identify their best friend as someone ______ they can talk frequently.
A who B. as C. about which D. with whom
10. Anyway, that evening, ______ I'll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel's place.
A. when B. where C. what D. which
11. The factory ______ the students visited last week is the one ______ I have worked for thee years.
A. that; which B. when; in which C. /; where D. which; that
12. The most important thing _____ we should pay attention to is the first thing ____ I have said.
A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; that
13. The school ______ my father teaches is a world-famous one, ______was set up 100 years ago.
A. where; which B. which; which C. /; where D. where; that
14. This is Mr. Smith, ______ I think has something interesting to tell you.
A. who B. whom C. that D. /
15. ______ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
16. ---When was the house built?
---It was built in 1949 ______ the PRC was founded.
A. which B. that C. what D. when
17. He never reads anything ______ is not worth reading.
A. as B. which C. who D. that
18. He has three brothers, ______ is a doctor.
A. all of them B. all of whom C. none of whom D. both of them
19. The young mother saw her baby fall to the ground, ______ brought her heart to her mouth.
A. it B. and that C. and which D. that
20. Is this the reason ______ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. that B. what C. how D. why
21. The place ______ interested me most was the Gnat Wall.
A. in which B. which C. where D. what
22. The Oscar is one of the film prizes ______ offered to any Chinese actor or actress so far.
A. which are not B. that have not been
C. that has not D. that has not been
23. I'd like a car ______ front lights are big and tuned.
A. which B. that C. whose D. of which
24. You were very impolite to him, for ______ you should make an apology to him, I think,
A. this B. which C. what D. that
25. The artist ______ the judge gave a prize is the teacher ______ I have been taught painting for two years.
A. from whom; by whom B. to whom; who
C. from whom; who D. to whom; by whom
26. For weeks the street hasn't been cleaned by the cleaners, ______ makes it very dirty.
A. who B. which C. that D. this
27. Now teenagers like to go to the fast food restaurants, ______ eating doesn’t take much time.
A. which B. who C. what D. where
28. In my old school album there are some pictures of some teachers ______ can’t be found in yours.
A. which B. who C. those D. they
29. Henry set up a club for football fans, ______ he invited all his friends.
A. for whom B. to whom C. to which D. from which
30. His parents wouldn't let him marry anyone ______ family was poor.
A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose
31. The weather turned out to be very good, ______ was more than we could expect.
A. when B. which C. that D. when
32. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ______ he grew up as a child.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
33. Carol said the work would be done by October, ______ personally I doubt very much.
A. it B. that C. when D. which
34. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ______, of course, made the others unhappy.
A. who B. which C. this D. what
35. I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ______ was very reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of which
C. its price D. the price of whose
36. ______ has already been pointed out, grammar is not a set of dead rules.
A. As B. It C. That D. Which
37. He lived in London for 3 months, during ______ time he learned some English.
A. this B. which C. that D. same
38. On the wall hung a picture,______ colour is blue.
A. whose B. of which C. which D. its
39. Whenever I met him, ______ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile.
A. what B. that C. which D. when
40. He bought a book that could give him much knowledge and ______ could help him to kill the time.
A. that B. where C. which D. there
41. The boss ______ department Ms. King worked ten years ago looked down upon women.
A. in which B. in that C. in whose D. whose
42. Luckily, we'd brought a mad map without ______ we would have lost our way.
A. it B. that C. this D. which
43. He made another wonderful discovery, ______ of great importance to science.
A. which I think is B. which I think it is
C. which I think it D. I think which is
44. This is the very bag ______ my mother bought yesterday.
A. that B. who C. whom D. which
45. I think you have got to the point ______ change is needed, or you would fail
A. when B. that C. where D. which
46. October 1, 1949 was the day ______ the People’s Republic of China was founded.
A. which B. when C. where D. in which
47. Is this the shop ______ sells children’s clothing?
A. which B. where C. in which D. what
48. Is this museum ______ they visited last month?
A. that B. which C. where D. the one
49. I still remember the sitting-room ______ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
50. She was not the woman ______ she was before.
A. what B. who C. that D. where

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