语法专题一：定语从句.doc

省镇中高三英语二轮复习语法专题语法专题一：定语从句1. 定语从句的几个基本概念： 1) 先行词：即被定语从句修饰的名次或代词，通常位于定从的前面。2) 先行词在从句中担当成份：根据不同成份，用相应的关系代词或关系副词。3) 关系代词：即先行词在定从中作主、宾、表、定。 作主语：指物，则用that, which引导，且不能省略；指人，用that, who引导，不省略。 作宾语：即及物动词宾语和介词宾语： 指物，用that, which引导，可省略；指人，用that, who, whom引导，可省略。 注意：如将介词提到了定从之首，先行词指人，只能用whom; 指物只能用which。 作表语：一般指人、指物皆用that, 可省略。 作定语：指人、指物皆用whose,不省略。4) 关系副词：即先行词在定从中作状语，指时间用when, 地点用where, 原因用why，亦可用介词+which替代。所谓作状语：即先行词不能直接放入从句中，需要有一个介词连接，而从句中却没有这个介词。5) 非限制性定语从句：即用逗号与主句或先行词分开，用于补充说明。(1) which: 用于指代先行词（物），或整个主句，不能省略。 (2) who / whom: 用于指代先行词（人），不能省略。(3) all / some of + which / whom: 用于指代先行词的部分。(4) as为关系代词， “正如、就像”的意思, 引导定从时可置于句首、句中或句末。注意：在非限制性定从中，不能用that。2. 一些特殊用法：1) 一般只用that引导从句的情况：(1) 限制性定语从句中，当先行词被强调，如被any, every, each, few, little, no, some, the only, the very等修饰时； (2) 先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等时；(3) 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时； (4) 先行词既有人又有物时；(5) 当句中已有who时，为避免重复。2) 一般只用which引导从句的情况：(1) 引导非限制性定语从句，指前面的某名词或它前面的整个主句时； (2) 引导介词、介词短语提前的定语从句时； (3）当先行词为集体名词时，着眼于整体，用which；着眼于各个成员，用who； (4) 替代某些固定短语中的指示代词，如this, that等, 引导定从。3) 由as引导的定语从句的几种常见情况： (1) as引导非限制性定语从句，说明整个主句的内容，和which引导定语从句代替整个句子的区别是：which不能放在句首，而as则可以；在句中，as有“正如”、“就象”之意，而which则没有此意； (2）当先行词前有the same，such修饰时，或在 “so / asas”结构中，表示“那样以致”，后用关系代词as引导限制性定语从句； (3) 在suchas结构中，as为关系代词，替代先行词，引导的是定语从句；在suchthat结构中，that为连词，引导的是一个完整的结果状语从句。4) 当way作先行词时，可用that, in which或省略引导定从5) 当先行词为situation, case, point, job, condition等时，常用where引导定从。6) 当先行词为one of the +复数名词时，定从的谓动用复数动词； 当先行词为the (only)one of the +复数名词时，定从的谓动用单数动词；巩固练习：1. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _ effects the people are still suffering.A. that B. whose C. thoseD. what2. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, _ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students Union.A. during which time B. for which timeC. during whose time D. by that time3. I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.A. howB. which C. whereD. that4. The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.A. for whichB. at which C. in which D. on which5. New York, _ I visited last year, is a nice old city. A. that B. which C. when D. in which 6. I can think of many cases _ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay.A. why B. which C. as D. where7. George Orwell, _ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.A. the real name B. what his real nameC. his real name D. whose real name8. _ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are makingA. It B. As C. That D. What9. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently.A who B. as C. about which D. with whom10. Anyway, that evening, _ Ill tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place.A. when B. where C. what D. which11. The factory _ the students visited last week is the one _ I have worked for thee years.A. that; which B. when; in which C. /; where D. which; that12. The most important thing _ we should pay attention to is the first thing _ I have said.A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; that13. The school _ my father teaches is a world-famous one, _was set up 100 years ago.A. where; which B. which; which C. /; where D. where; that14. This is Mr. Smith, _ I think has something interesting to tell you.A. who B. whom C. that D. /15. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. It B. As C. That D. What16. -When was the house built? -It was built in 1949 _ the PRC was founded. A. which B. that C. what D. when17. He never reads anything _ is not worth reading. A. as B. which C. who D. that18. He has three brothers, _ is a doctor.A. all of them B. all of whom C. none of whom D. both of them19. The young mother saw her baby fall to the ground, _ brought her heart to her mouth.A. it B. and that C. and which D. that20. Is this the reason _ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?A. that B. what C. how D. why21. The place _ interested me most was the Gnat Wall.A. in which B. which C. where D. what22. The Oscar is one of the film prizes _ offered to any Chinese actor or actress so far.A. which are not B. that have not beenC. that has not D. that has not been23. Id like a car _ front lights are big and tuned.A. which B. that C. whose D. of which24. You were very impolite to him, for _ you should make an apology to him, I think,A. this B. which C. what D. that25. The artist _ the judge gave a prize is the teacher _ I have been taught painting for two years.A. from whom; by whom B. to whom; whoC. from whom; who D. to whom; by whom26. For weeks the street hasnt been cleaned by the cleaners, _ makes it very dirty.A. who B. which C. that D. this27. Now teenagers like to go to the fast food restaurants, _ eating doesnt take much time. A. which B. who C. what D. where28. In my old school album there are some pictures of some teachers _ cant be found in yours.A. which B. who C. those D. they29. Henry set up a club for football fans, _ he invited all his friends.A. for whom B. to whom C. to which D. from which30. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor.A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose31. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect.A. when B. which C. that D. when32. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A. which B. where C. that D. when33. Carol said the work would be done by October, _ personally I doubt very much.A. it B. that C. when D. which34. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _, of course, made the others unhappy.A. who B. which C. this D. what35. I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable.A. which price B. the price of whichC. its price D. the price of whose36. _ has already been pointed out, grammar is not a set of dead rules.A. As B. It C. That D. Which37. He lived in London for 3 months, during _ time he learned some English.A. this B. which C. that D. same38. On the wall hung a picture,_ colour is blue.A. whose B. of which C. which D. its39. Whenever I met him, _ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile.A. what B. that C. which D. when40. He bought a book that could give him much knowledge and _ could help him to kill the time.A. that B. where C. which D. there41. The boss _ department Ms. King worked ten years ago looked down upon women.A. in which B. in that C. in whose D. whose42. Luckily, wed brought a mad map without _ we would have lost our way.A. it B. that C. this D. which43. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science.A. which I think is B. which I think it isC. which I think it D. I think which is44. This is the very bag _ my mother bought yesterday.A. that B. who C. whom D. which45. I think you have got to the point _ change is needed, or you would fail A. when B. that C. where D. which46. October 1, 1949 was the day _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded.A. which B. when C. where D. in which47. Is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing?A. which B. where C. in which D. what48. Is this museum _ they visited last month?A. that B. which C. where D. the one49. I still remember the sitting-room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.A. what B. which C. that D. where50. She was not the woman _ she was before.A. what B. who C. that D. where定语从句：BACCBDDBDDCDAABBDCBABBCBDBDACDBBDBBABACCCDAACBADDC4