八年级（下）短语及句型.doc

八年级（下）新目标英语重点短语及句型总汇Unit 1 Will people have robots?1. fewer people更少的人（fewer修饰名词复数，表示否定）2. less free time更少的空闲时间（less修饰不可数名词，表示否定） 3. in ten years 10年后（in的时间短语用于将来时，提问用How soon）4. fall in love with 5. live alone单独居住6. feel lonely感到孤独（比较：live alone/go along等）7. fly to the moon飞上月球 8. hundreds of +复数数百/几百（概数，类似还有thousands of; millions of） 9. the same as和相同 10. A be different from BA与B不同(=There is a difference/Thgere are differences between A and B)11. wake up醒来（wake sb. up表示 “唤醒某人” 12. get bored变得厌倦（get/become是连系动词，后跟形容词如tired/angry/excited等） 13. go skating去滑冰（类似还有go hiking/fishing /skating/bike riding等） 14. lots of/a lot of许多（修饰可数名词、不可数名词都可以）15. at the weekends在周末 16. study at home on computers在家通过电脑学习 17. agree with sb.同意某人(的意见)18. on a piece of paper在一张纸上（注意paper/information/news/work/homework/housework等常考到的不可数名19. live in an apartment住在公寓里/live on the twelfth floor住在12楼20. live at NO.332,Shanghai Street住在上海路332号21. as a reporter作为一名记者22. look smart显得精神/看起来聪明 23. in the future在将来/在未来24. no more=not anymore不再（强调多次发生的动作不再发生）25. no longer=not any longer不再（强调状态不再发生）26. besides（除之外还，包括）与except =but（除之外，不包括）27. be able to与can 能、会l （be able to用于各种时态，而can只能用于一般现在时态和一般过去时态中；have to用于各种时态，而must只能用于一般现在时态）例如：1.I have been able to/will be able to speak two languages. （不可以用can） 2. had to stay at home/ will have to （不可以用must）34.be big and crowded 大而且拥挤28. be in college 在上大学29. live on a space station 住在空间站30. come true 变成现实31. take hundreds of years 花几百年的时间32. be fun to watch 看起来有趣33. over and over again 一次又一次34. be in different shapes 形状不同35. twenty years from now 今后20年 36 、live to be 200 years old 活到200岁36. 本单元目标句型： 1. What do you think life will be like in 100 years?2. There will be fewer trees、more buildings and less pollution in the future.l fewer； less表示否定之意，分别修饰可数名词和不可数名词；more二者都可以修饰。3. Will kids go to school? No, they wont/Yes, they will。4. Predicting the future can be difficult.本单元语法讲解 一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。本时态标志词：1.含tomorrow; next短语；2.in+段时间 ；3.how soon；4.by+将来时间；5.by the time sb.do6.祈使句句型中：or/and sb. will do7.在时间/条件状语从句中, 如果从句用一般现在时, 主句用将来时 8.another day 比较be going to 与will:be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些。如： He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day.2. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。 He is seriously ill. He is going to die.He will be twenty years old.3. be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而 will 则没有这个意思，如： She is going to lend us her book.He will be here in half an hour.4.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如： If any beasts comes at you, Ill stay with you and help you.掌握了它们的这些不同，你就能很好的区分be going to与will了。 Unit 2 What should I do? 1. too loud太大声 2. out of style过时的 3. in style 流行的4. call sb up=ring sb.up=call/ring/phone sb.给.打电话 5. enough money足够的钱(enough修饰名词时不必后置)6. busy enough 够忙 (enough修饰形容词或副词时必须后置) 7. a ticket to/for a ball game一张球赛的门票8. talk about 谈论 9. on the phone用电话10. pay for付款11. spendon +sth.=spend.( in) doing sth. 在花钱 12. It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花的时间 13. borrow from从.借( 借进来)14. lendto 把借给（借出去）15. You can keep the book for a week你可以借这本书一周。（不用borrow或lend）16. buy sth for sb为买东西 17. tell sb to do /not to do sth.sth告诉某人做某事18. want sb. to do sth.=would like sb. to do想某人做某事19. find out 发现；查清楚；弄明白 20. fail the test=not pass the test考试不及格21. fail in (doing) sth在.上失败,变弱22. succeed in (doing) sth在.方面成功23. write sb a letter/write to sb.给某人写信）24. in surprise 吃惊 be surprised to do sth 做某事令人吃惊25. to ones surprise 使某人吃惊的是.26. look fora part-time job找一份兼职的工作（不一定有结果）27. get/find a part-time job找到一份兼职的工作（有结果）28. ask sb. for寻求/向某人要某物 29. argue with sb = have an argument with sb.与某人争吵 30. have a fight with sb.=fight with与某人打架 get ready for 为做准备 31. after-school clubs(activities)课外俱乐部（活动） 32. return sth. to sb.=give sth. back to sb.把某物归还给某人33. get on /along well with与相处很好 34. all kinds of 各种各样35. as much as possible=as much as you can 尽可能多36. take part in=join in 参加（某种活动/集会） 37. a bit =a little 一点儿（当修饰形容词或比较级时）38. a bit of =a little 一点儿/一些（当修饰不可数名词时）39. be angry with 生的气 40. by oneself=on ones own某人自己/独自地41. on the one hand一方面 42. on the other hand 另一方面43. I find/feel/think it difficult to do.我发现/感到/认为做某事很难.44. see/hear/watch sb. doing sth.看到/听见/注视某人正在做45. notuntil 直到才（谓语动词一般是非延续动词） 46. 表示某人情绪有关的形容词用法: be/become+ upset/tired/excited/interested/worried/surprised/amazed/annoyed说明：当主语是某人时，注意后面的形容词一般是-ed结尾的单词，而当主语是某物时或修饰名词时，注意后面形容词一般是-ing结尾单词.）例如:I was surprised/interested/amazed when I heard the surprising/interesting/amazing news52. leave something somewhere 、 把某物忘在某处53 sports clothes 运动服54. the same age as=as old as 和- 年龄一样55. the tired children 疲惫不堪的孩子56. complain about (doing sth) 抱怨、57take their children from activity to activity 带着孩子参加一个接一个的活动58.be under too much pressure 压力太大59.a mother of three 三个孩子的妈 parewith 和-比较62.organized activities 有组织的活动 本单元目标句型： 1. Whats wrong(with you)?/Whats the matter?2. What should I do?我该怎么办 ？、I dont know what to do 3. You could write him a letter.你可以给他写封信 .You should say sorry to him.你应该给他道歉.4. They shouldnt argue.他们不应该争吵.J5. Why dont you talk to him about it?=Why not talk to him about it?=You should/could talk to him about it.=What/How about talking to him about it.=Youd better talk to him about it.Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?1. in front of 在的前面（外部） in the front of 在的前面（内部）2. in the library在图书馆3. get out of/get into出之外/进入4. sleep late睡懒觉sleep well睡得好 get to sleep=fall asleep睡着5. walk down/along沿走6. take off(飞机)起飞；脱下（衣帽）7. on Sunday evening在星期日晚上注意:（特指某日如星期、假日、某月某日或某个特定的上、下午、晚上用on）8. in the tree在树上 on the tree在树上9. take photos照相10. at the train station在火车站11. run away跑开，逃跑12. as+adj原形 as和一样例如：She is (not) as beautiful as her sister. I can run as fast as he(him)13 buy/draw/make sth. for sb.为某人买/画/制作14walk home走回家15 in history在历史上 16.follow sb to do sth 跟随某人做某事16、for example例如17、In the city of在市18、 on the playground在操场上19ten minutes ago十分钟前20、take place发生（强调必然性）21、happen to sth./sb. 发生（强调偶然性）例如：What has happened to you?=Whats the matter with you?=Whats wrong with you?22、of course=sure=certainly当然 23、all over the world=around the world遍及全世界24、outside/inside the station在车站外/内25、next to相邻，紧贴26、be ill in hospital/bed生病住院/在床27、hear about/of听说（间接听到）28、in silence沉默不语 keep silent 保持沉默29、an unusual experience 一次不寻常的经历30、have fun doing sth 干某事有乐趣 31、 have difficult time doing sth干某事有困难32、have meaning to 对有意义 33、be famous all over the world 全世界出名 34、for the first time 第一次本单元目标句型: What were you doing when I arrived/at that time/at 8:00 last night/from 9:00 to 10:00 yesterday? I was doing sth. When+一般过去时的时间状语从句. How about. / What about.?While sth./sb. was doing sth., I was doing sth. 当不明飞行物着陆时，你正在干啥？What were you doing when the UFO landed?当妈妈正在做饭时，我在看电视。While my mother was cooking ,I was watching TV.I was walking down the street when a UFO landed right in front of me.You can image how strange it was. I followed to see where it was going.Isnt that amazing! 本单元语法讲解过去进行时（Past Progressive Tense）句型 S + was/were +V-ing例A：She was doing her homework at 8:30 yesterday evening.（昨天傍晚八点半她正在做家庭作业。）例B：We were having supper at that time.（那个时候我们正在吃晚饭。）The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.）常用于修饰过去进行时的时间副词：过去的某一定点时刻（at + 过去的时刻），then （= at that time）（那时，当时），all + 时间，“When/While/As”等副词从句，etc.Unit 4 He said I was hard-working1. every Saturday每周六 on Saturday 在星期六 2. first of all首先 3. bothand两者都（谓语动词要注意对称原则）4. neither.nor 两者都不（谓语动词要注意就近和对称原则）5. most of绝大多数6. an exciting week令人兴奋的一周7. agree on something同意某人的计划；对.取得 一致意见8. agree to do sth.答应/同意做9. pass on (to) 传递10. be supposed to do sth. 被期望或被要求做. .11. be mad at 对疯狂/生气12. do better in=be better at 在.方面做得更好13. be in good health 身体健康14. report card 成绩单15. sound /feel /smell /taste /look 是连系动词，一般只能跟adj.做表语16. sound like/feel like/smell like/taste like/look like听起来像/感觉像/闻起来像/尝起来像/看起来像+sb./sth.17. get over 克服；恢复；原谅18. open up 打开/展开/开发/揭露19. care for 照料；照顾；意愿；计较20. have a(surprise) party for sb.为某人举行一次（惊喜0聚会21. end-of-year exam=final exam 期末考试22. not-anymore 不再23. do a home project 做作业24. be surprisedhappyexcited to do sth 做某事感到惊讶、高兴、激动25. be get nervous 感到紧张26. have a very hard time with. 在-日子不好过 have a hard time doing sth27. an disappointing result 令人失望的结果28. take leave a message 捎（留）个口信29. have a big fight 30. it is a good idea for sb. to do sth 31. feel lucky 感到幸运32. people who need help 需要帮助的人33. something we can do for them 我们能为他们做的事34. there is no difference betweenand. 在。和。之间没有区别37.the Hope Project 希望工程本单元目标句型： 转述他人话语:What did sb. say? He said I She said sheThey said1. 许老师告诉我徐梦蝶会说二种语言。Mr. Xu told me that XuMengdie could speak three languages.2. 许老师说地球绕着太阳转。Mr. Xu said (that)the earth turns around the sun.3. 许老师告诉我他将去北京。She told me he would go to Beijing the next day.4. 许老师说欧洋正在做作业Mr. Xu said OuYang was doing his homework at that time.5. 许老师说王硕研勤奋。Mr. Xu said Wang Shuoyan was hard-working.6. 情况怎样？ Hows it going? 本单元语法讲解直接引语和间接引语（一）直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。 1. 时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词said，asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即把原来的时态向过去推，也就是一般现在时变一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时等。 例如： Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.” Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework. 2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化；根据意义进行相应的变化。 如：She asked Jack,“Where have you been?” She asked Jack where he had been. He said,“These books are mine.” He said that those books were his. （二）直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。 1.陈述句的间接引语：陈述句由直接引语变间接引语，由that引导，可以省略。 “I want the blue one.” he told us. “我想要兰色的。” 他说。 He told us that he wanted the blue one.他说他想要兰色的。 She said to me, “You cant do anything now.” 她对我说：“此刻你无法做任何事情。” She told me that I couldnt do anything then.她对我说那时我无法做任何事。 2. 疑问句的间接引语直接引语如果是疑问句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接疑问句。间接疑问句为陈述语序，句末用句号，动词时态等的变化与间接陈述句相同。引述动词常用ask, wonder, want to know等间接疑问句一般有三种： (1)一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时， 由whether或if 引导。 如：“Has he ever worked in Shanghai?”Jim asked. “他在上海工作过吗？”吉姆问。 Jim asked whether/if he had ever worked in Shanghai.吉姆问他是否在上海工作过。 “Can you tell me the way to the hospital?” The old man asked. 那个老人问：“你能告诉我去医院的路吗？ The old man asked whether I could tell him the way to the hospital. 那老人问我是否能告诉他去医院路。 (2). 特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，仍由原来的疑问词引导。 如：“Which room do you live in?” He asked. “你住哪个房间？”他问我。 He asked me which room I lived in. 他问我住哪个房间。 “What do you think of the film?” She asked. 她问“你怎么看这部电影？” She asked her friend what she thought of the film.她问她朋友怎么看这部电影。 (3). 选择疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，由whether/if or引导。 如： “Is it your bike or Toms? Mum asked.妈妈问：“这是你的自行车还是汤姆的？” Mum asked whether/if it was my bike or Toms.妈妈问这是我的自行车还是汤姆的。 “Does your sister like blue dresses or green ones?” Kate asked. “你妹妹喜欢兰色的裙子还是绿色的？”凯特问。 Kate asked whether/if my sister liked blue dresses or green ones. 凯特问我妹妹喜欢兰色裙子还是绿色的。 3. 祈使句的间接引语当祈使句变为间接引语时，间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell，ask，order，beg，request，order等，而把直接祈使句变成带to的不定式短语。 如：Jack said, “Please come to my house tomorrow, Mary.”杰克说：“玛丽，明天请到我家来。”Jack asked Mary to go to his house the next day.杰克请玛丽第二天到他家去。 The teacher said to the students, ”Stop talking.”老师对学生们说：“不要讲话了。”The teacher told the students to stop talking.老师让学生们不要说话了。 “Dont touch anything.” He said.“不要碰任何东西。”他说。He told us not to touch anything.他对我们说不要碰任何东西。 4. 动词时态和代词等的变动 (1). 某些代词，限定词，表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则：直接引语 间接引语today that daynow then, at that momentyesterday the day beforethe day before yesterdaytwo days beforetomorrowthe next day / the following daythe day after tomorrowtwo days after, / in two daysnext week/ month etcthe next week/month etclast week/ month etcthe week / month etc. beforehere therethis thatthesethosecome gobring take (2). 如果引述动词为现在时形式，则间接引语中的动词时态，代词，限定词和表示时间或地点的副词不用变化。而如果引述动词是过去时，以上内容就要有相应变化。变化情况如下： 现在时间推移到过去的时间(注意:如果直接引语是表示客观规律的,那么时态仍然用一般现在时一般现在时 一般过去时； 现在进行时 过去进行时；一般将来时过去将来时；现在完成时过去完成时；Unit 5 If you go to the party，youll have a great time!1. at the party在晚会上2. ask sb. to do sth. 请某人做某事3. stay at home呆在家4. half the class/students一半学生5. get injured受伤6. have a great time =have a wonderfulgood time玩得高兴7. take away 运走，取走 put away 收起来，放好8. all the time=always一直，始终9. make a living (by doing sth) 谋生10. in order to do sth为了做某事11. have a party 举行聚会12. go to college 上大学13. be famous for 因而著称 be famous as 作为而出名14. make money 挣钱15. in fact 事实上16. laugh at 嘲笑17. get exercise 锻炼 注意（exercise当“锻炼”是不可数名词；而当“操”“练习”是可数名词）18. travel around the world周游世界19. work hard 努力工作20. wear jeans 穿牛仔裤21. let . in允许进入，嵌入 keepout 不允许。进22. take away拿开，拿走23. study for the test 准备考试24. make some food 准备食物 make dumplings 做水饺 make the bed 整理床铺25. childrens ho