1、八年级(下)新目标英语重点短语及句型总汇 Unit 1 Will people have robots? 1. fewer people 更少的人(fewer修饰名词复数,表示否定) 2. less free time 更少的空闲时间(less修饰不可数名词,表示否定) 3. in ten years 10年后(in的时间短语用于将来时,提问用How soon) 4. fall in love with… 5. live alone 单独居住 6. feel lonely 感到孤独(比较:live
2、 alone/go along等) 7. fly to the moon 飞上月球 8. hundreds of +复数 数百/几百(概数,类似还有thousands of; millions of) 9. the same as 和……相同 10. A be different from B A与B不同(=There is a difference/Thgere are differences between A and B) 11. wake up 醒来(wake sb. up表示 “唤醒某人”
3、 12. get bored 变得厌倦(get/become是连系动词,后跟形容词如tired/angry/excited等) 13. go skating 去滑冰(类似还有go hiking/fishing /skating/bike riding等) 14. lots of/a lot of 许多(修饰可数名词、不可数名词都可以) 15. at the weekends 在周末 16. study at home on computers 在家通过电脑学习 17. agree with sb. 同
4、意某人(的意见) 18. on a piece of paper 在一张纸上(注意paper/information/news/work/homework/housework等常考到的不可数名 19. live in an apartment 住在公寓里/live on the twelfth floor 住在12楼 20. live at NO.332,Shanghai Street 住在上海路332号 21. as a reporter 作为一名记者 22. look smart 显得精神/看起来聪明 23. in the future
5、 在将来/在未来 24. no more=not …anymore 不再(强调多次发生的动作不再发生) 25. no longer=not… any longer 不再(强调状态不再发生) 26. besides(除…之外还,包括)与except =but(除…之外,不包括) 27. be able to与can 能、会 l (be able to用于各种时态,而can只能用于一般现在时态和一般过去时态中;have to用于各种时态,而must只能用于一般现在时态)例如: 1.I have been able to/will be able to speak t
6、wo languages. (不可以用can) 2. had to stay at home/ will have to (不可以用must) 34.be big and crowded 大而且拥挤 28. be in college 在上大学 29. live on a space station 住在空间站 30. come true 变成现实 31. take hundreds of years 花几百年的时间 32. be fun to wa
7、tch 看起来有趣 33. over and over again 一次又一次 34. be in different shapes 形状不同 35. twenty years from now 今后20年 36 、live to be 200 years old 活到200岁 36. 本单元目标句型: 1. What do you think life will be like in 100 years? 2. There will be fewer trees、more buildings and less po
8、llution in the future. l fewer; less表示否定之意,分别修饰可数名词和不可数名词;more二者都可以修饰。 3. Will kids go to school? No, they won’t/Yes, they will。 4. Predicting the future can be difficult. 本单元语法讲解 一般将来时 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。本时态标志词: 1.含tomorrow; next短语; 2.in+段时间 ; 3.how soon; 4.by+将来时间; 5.by the time sb.do… 6.祈使
9、句句型中:or/and sb. will do 7.在时间/条件状语从句中, 如果从句用一般现在时, 主句用将来时 8.another day 比较be going to 与will: be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情,will 表示的将来时间则较远一些。 如: He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day. 2. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情,will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。 He is seriously ill.
10、 He is going to die. He will be twenty years old. 3. be going to 含有“计划,准备”的意思,而 will 则没有这个意思,如: She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour. 4.在有条件从句的主句中,一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如: If any beasts comes at you, I'll stay with you and help you. 掌握了它们的这些不同,你就
11、能很好的区分be going to与will了。 Unit 2 What should I do? 1. too loud 太大声 2. out of style 过时的 3. in style 流行的 4. call sb up=ring sb.up=call/ring/phone sb. 给…..打电话 5. enough money 足够的钱(enough修饰名词时不必后置) 6. busy enough 够忙 (enough修饰形容词
12、或副词时必须后置) 7. a ticket to/for a ball game 一张球赛的门票 8. talk about 谈论 9. on the phone 用电话 10. pay for 付款 11. spend…on +sth.=spend...( in) doing sth. 在…花钱 12. It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花…的时间 13. borrow …from 从….借( 借进来)
13、14. lend…to 把…借给(借出去) 15. You can keep the book for a week 你可以借这本书一周。(不用borrow或lend) 16. buy sth for sb 为……买东西 17. tell sb to do /not to do sth.sth 告诉某人做某事 18. want sb. to do sth.=would like sb. to do 想某人做某事 19. find out 发现;查清楚;弄明白 20. fail the test=not pass
14、the test 考试不及格 21. fail in (doing) sth… 在...上失败,变弱 22. succeed in (doing) sth 在...方面成功 23. write sb a letter/write to sb. 给某人写信) 24. in surprise 吃惊 be surprised to do sth 做某事令人吃惊 25. to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是….. 26. look for a part-time job 找一份兼职的工作(不一定有结果) 27. g
15、et/find a part-time job 找到一份兼职的工作(有结果) 28. ask sb. for… 寻求/向某人要某物 29. argue with sb = have an argument with sb. 与某人争吵 30. have a fight with sb.=fight with 与某人打架 …get ready for… 为…做准备 31. after-school clubs(activities) 课外俱乐部(活动) 32. return sth. to
16、 sb.=give sth. back to sb. 把某物归还给某人 33. get on /along well with 与…相处很好 34. all kinds of 各种各样 35. as much as possible=as much as you can 尽可能多 36. take part in=join in 参加(某种活动/集会) 37. a bit =a little 一点儿(当修饰形容词或比较级时) 38. a bit of =a little 一点
17、儿/一些(当修饰不可数名词时) 39. be angry with… 生…的气 40. by oneself=on one’s own 某人自己/独自地 41. on the one hand 一方面 42. on the other hand 另一方面 43. I find/feel/think it difficult to do... 我发现/感到/认为做某事很难. 44. see/hear/watch sb. doing sth. 看到/听见/注视某人正在做… 45. not…until
18、 直到…才(谓语动词一般是非延续动词) 46. 表示某人情绪有关的形容词用法: be/become+ upset/tired/excited/interested/worried/surprised/amazed/annoyed 说明:当主语是某人时,注意后面的形容词一般是-ed结尾的单词,而当主语是某物时或修饰名词时,注意后面形容词一般是-ing结尾单词.) 例如:I was surprised/interested/amazed when I heard the surprising/interesting/amazing news 52. leave
19、something somewhere 、 把某物忘在某处 53 sports clothes 运动服 54. the same age as=as old as 和--- 年龄一样 55. the tired children 疲惫不堪的孩子 56. complain about (doing sth) 抱怨、、、 57take their children from activity to activity 带着
20、孩子参加一个接一个的活动 58.be under too much pressure 压力太大 59.a mother of three 三个孩子的妈 pare…with 和---比较 62.organized activities 有组织的活动 本单元目标句型: 1. What’s wrong(with you)?/What’s the matter? 2. What shou
21、ld I do? 我该怎么办 ?、I don′t know what to do 3. You could write him a letter. 你可以给他写封信 .You should say sorry to him.你应该给他道歉. 4. They shouldn’t argue. 他们不应该争吵.J 5. Why don’t you talk to him about it? =Why not talk to him about it?=You should/could talk to him about it. =What/How about talking to h
22、im about it.=You’d better talk to him about it. Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived? 1. in front of 在……的前面(外部) in the front of 在……的前面(内部) 2. in the library 在图书馆 3. get out of/get into 出……之外/进入 4. sleep late 睡懒觉 sleep well 睡得好 get to sleep=fall asleep 睡着 5. walk down/a
23、long 沿……走 6. take off (飞机)起飞;脱下(衣帽) 7. on Sunday evening 在星期日晚上 注意:(特指某日如星期、假日、某月某日或某个特定的上、下午、晚上用on) 8. in the tree在树上 on the tree在树上 9. take photos 照相 10. at the train station 在火车站 11. run away 跑开,逃跑 12. as+adj原形 as 和…一样… 例如: She is (not) as
24、 beautiful as her sister. I can run as fast as he(him) 13 buy/draw/make sth. for sb. 为某人买/画/制作 14walk home 走回家 15 in history 在历史上 16.follow sb to do sth 跟随某人做某事 16、for example 例如 17、In the city of 在……市 18、 on the playground 在操场上 19ten minutes ago 十
25、分钟前 20、take place 发生(强调必然性) 21、happen to sth./sb. 发生(强调偶然性) 例如:What has happened to you?=What’s the matter with you?=What’s wrong with you? 22、of course=sure=certainly 当然 23、all over the world=around the world 遍及全世界 24、outside/inside the station 在车站外/内 25、next to 相
26、邻,紧贴 26、be ill in hospital/bed 生病住院/在床 27、hear about/of 听说(间接听到) 28、in silence 沉默不语 keep silent 保持沉默 29、an unusual experience 一次不寻常的经历 30、have fun doing sth 干某事有乐趣 31、 have difficult time doing sth干某事有困难 32、have meaning to 对—有意义 33、be famous all
27、over the world 全世界出名 34、for the first time 第一次 本单元目标句型: What were you doing when I arrived/at that time/at 8:00 last night/from 9:00 to 10:00 yesterday? I was doing sth. When+一般过去时的时间状语从句... How about... / What about...? While sth./sb. was doing sth., I was doing sth.... 当不明飞行物着陆时,你正
28、在干啥?What were you doing when the UFO landed? 当妈妈正在做饭时,我在看电视。While my mother was cooking ,I was watching TV. I was walking down the street when a UFO landed right in front of me. You can image how strange it was. I followed to see where it was going. Isn’t that amazing! 本单元语法讲解 过去进行时(Past
29、 Progressive Tense) 句型 S + was/were +V-ing… 例A:She was doing her homework at 8:30 yesterday evening. (昨天傍晚八点半她正在做家庭作业。) 例B:We were having supper at that time. (那个时候我们正在吃晚饭。) The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed. ) 常用于修饰过去进行时的时间副词:过去的某一定点时刻(at + 过去的时刻),then (= at that time)
30、那时,当时),all + 时间,“When…/While…/As…”等副词从句,etc. Unit 4 He said I was hard-working 1. every Saturday 每周六 on Saturday 在星期六 2. first of all 首先 3. both……and…… 两者都(谓语动词要注意对称原则) 4. neither….nor 两者都不(谓语动词要注意就近和对称原则) 5. most of… 绝大多数 6. an exciting week 令人兴奋的一周 7. agree
31、on something 同意某人的计划;对….取得 一致意见 8. agree to do sth. 答应/同意做… 9. pass on (to) 传递 10. be supposed to do sth. 被期望或被要求做... ... 11. be mad at …… 对……疯狂/生气 12. do better in=be better at 在......方面做得更好 13. be in good health 身体健康 14. report card 成绩单 15. sound /
32、feel /smell /taste /look 是连系动词,一般只能跟adj.做表语 16. sound like/feel like/smell like/taste like/look like 听起来像…/感觉像…/闻起来像…/尝起来像…/看起来像…+sb./sth. 17. get… over 克服;恢复;原谅 18. open up 打开/展开/开发/揭露 19. care for 照料;照顾;意愿;计较 20. have a(surprise) party for sb. 为某人举行一次(惊喜0聚会
33、 21. end-of-year exam=final exam 期末考试 22. not----anymore 不再 23. do a home project 做作业 24. be surprised\happy\excited to do sth 做某事感到惊讶、高兴、激动 25. be \get nervous 感到紧张 26. have a very hard time with.. 在---日子不好过 have a hard time doing sth
34、 27. an disappointing result 令人失望的结果 28. take\ leave a message 捎(留)个口信 29. have a big fight 30. it is a good idea for sb. to do sth 31. feel lucky 感到幸运 32. people who need help 需要帮助的人 33. something we can do for them 我们能为他们做的事
35、 34. there is no difference between…and.. 在。。和。。之间没有区别 37.the Hope Project 希望工程 本单元目标句型: 转述他人话语:What did sb. say? He said I …She said she…They said… 1. 许老师告诉我徐梦蝶会说二种语言。Mr. Xu told me that XuMengdie could speak three languages. 2. 许老师说地球绕着太阳转。Mr. Xu said (that)the earth turns around the sun.
36、 3. 许老师告诉我他将去北京。She told me he would go to Beijing the next day. 4. 许老师说欧洋正在做作业Mr. Xu said OuYang was doing his homework at that time. 5. 许老师说王硕研勤奋。Mr. Xu said Wang Shuoyan was hard-working. 6. 情况怎样? How’s it going? 本单元语法讲解 直接引语和间接引语 (一)直接引述别人的原话,叫做直接引语;用自己话转述别人的话,叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直
37、接引语必须放在引号内,间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时,除将引语部分变成宾语从句外,还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。 1. 时态的变化:直接引语变为间接引语时,通常受转述动词said,asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态,即把原来的时态向过去推,也就是一般现在时变 一般过去时,现在进行时变为过去进行时等。 例如: Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.” →Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.
38、 2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化;根据意义进行相应的变化。 如: She asked Jack,“Where have you been?” →She asked Jack where he had been. He said,“These books are mine.” →He said that those books were his. (二)直接引语改为间接引语时,都使用陈述语序,但是因为原句的句式不同,所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。 1.陈述句的间接引语:陈述句由直接引语变间接引语,由that引导,可以省略。 “I w
39、ant the blue one.” he told us. “我想要兰色的。” 他说。 →He told us that he wanted the blue one. 他说他想要兰色的。 She said to me, “You can’t do anything now.” 她对我说:“此刻你无法做任何事情。” →She told me that I couldn’t do anything then. 她对我说那时我无法做任何事。 2. 疑问句的间接引语 直接引语如果是疑问句,变成间接引语后,叫做间接疑问句。间接疑问句为陈述语序,句末用句
40、号,动词时态等的变化与间接陈述句相同。引述动词常用ask, wonder, want to know等间接疑问句一般有三种: (1).一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时, 由whether或if 引导。 如: “Has he ever worked in Shanghai?”Jim asked. “他在上海工作过吗?”吉姆问。 →Jim asked whether/if he had ever worked in Shanghai.吉姆问他是否在上海工作过。 “Can you tell me the way to the hospital?” The old man ask
41、ed. 那个老人问:“你能告诉我去医院的路吗? →The old man asked whether I could tell him the way to the hospital. 那老人问我是否能告诉他去医院路。 (2). 特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时,仍由原来的疑问词引导。 如: “Which room do you live in?” He asked. “ 你住哪个房间?”他问我。 →He asked me which room I lived in. 他问我住哪个房间。 “What do you think of the f
42、ilm?” She asked. 她问“你怎么看这部电影?” →She asked her friend what she thought of the film . 她问她朋友怎么看这部电影。 (3). 选择疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时,由whether/if …or引导。 如: “Is it your bike or Tom’s? Mum asked. 妈妈问:“这是你的自行车还是汤姆的?” →Mum asked whether/if it was my bike or Tom’s.妈妈问这是我的自行车还是汤姆的。 “Does your sister l
43、ike blue dresses or green ones?” Kate asked. “你妹妹喜欢兰色的裙子还是绿色的?”凯特问。 →Kate asked whether/if my sister liked blue dresses or green ones. 凯特问我妹妹喜欢兰色裙子还是绿色的。 3. 祈使句的间接引语当祈使句变为间接引语时,间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell,ask,order,beg,request,order等,而把直接祈使句变成带to的不定式短语。 如: Jack said, “Please come to my house to
44、morrow, Mary. ” 杰克说:“玛丽,明天请到我家来。” →Jack asked Mary to go to his house the next day. 杰克请玛丽第二天到他家去。 The teacher said to the students, ”Stop talking.” 老师对学生们说:“不要讲话了。” →The teacher told the students to stop talking. 老师让学生们不要说话了。 “Don’t touch anything.” He said. “不要碰任何东西。”他说。
45、 →He told us not to touch anything. 他对我们说不要碰任何东西。 4. 动词时态和代词等的变动 (1). 某些代词,限定词,表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则: 直接引语 间接引语 today that day now then, at that moment yesterday the day before the day before yesterday two days before tomorrow
46、 the next day / the following day the day after tomorrow two days after, / in two days next week/ month etc the next week/month etc last week/ month etc the week / month etc. before here there this that these those come g
47、o bring take (2). 如果引述动词为现在时形式,则间接引语中的动词时态,代词,限定词和表示时间或地点的副词不用变化。而如果引述动词是过去时,以上内容就要有相应变化。变化情况如下: 现在时间推移到过去的时间(注意:如果直接引语是表示客观规律的,那么时态仍然用一般现在时 一般现在时 →一般过去时; 现在进行时 →过去进行时; 一般将来时 →过去将来时; 现在完成时 →过去完成时; Unit 5 If you go to the party,you’ll have a great time! 1. at the party
48、 在晚会上 2. ask sb. to do sth. 请某人做某事 3. stay at home 呆在家 4. half the class/students 一半学生 5. get injured 受伤 6. have a great time =have a wonderful\good time 玩得高兴 7. take …away 运走,取走 put away 收起来,放好 8. all the time=always 一直,始终 9. make a living (by doing sth)
49、 谋生 10. in order to do sth… 为了做某事 11. have a party 举行聚会 12. go to college 上大学 13. be famous for… 因……而著称 be famous as… 作为…而出名 14. make money 挣钱 15. in fact 事实上 16. laugh at… 嘲笑 17. get exercise 锻炼 注意(exercise当“锻炼”是不可数名词;而当“操”“练习”是可数名词) 18. travel around the world 周游世界 19. work hard 努力工作 20. wear jeans 穿牛仔裤 21. let ... in 允许……进入,嵌入 keep…out 不允许。。进 22. take… away 拿开,拿走 23. study for the test 准备考试 24. make some food 准备食物 make dumplings 做水饺 make the bed 整理床铺 25. children’s ho






