中考英语语法：反意疑问句对应规则.doc

中考英语语法：反意疑问句对应规则
反意疑问句是英语四大问句之一，它是由一个陈述句加上一个短问句而构成的。反意疑问句的基本构成形式是：陈述句+动词(肯定或否定)+主语？如：
①She often has lunch at school, doesn’t she? ②You don’t like sports, do you?
使用反意疑问句要注意以下若干对应规则：
一、 反意疑问句中问句部分的动词与陈述部分的动词在语气上成相反的对应关系，即：肯定+否定？ 否定+肯定？如：
①You can’t do it, can you? ②They are very late for the meeting, aren’t they?
二、 反意疑问句中问句部分的动词与陈述部分的动词种类要对应一致。如：
①He has supper at home every day, doesn’t he? (不能用hasn’t he?)
②They have known the matter, haven’t they? (不能用don’t they?)
三、 反意疑问句中问句部分的动词在时态上应和陈述部分的时态一致。如：
①They will go to town soon, won’t they?(不能用don’t they?或 aren’t they?)
②He works very hard, doesn’t he?(不能用didn’t he?或won’t he?)
四、 反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由un-, im-, in-, dis-, 等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时，陈述部分要视为肯定含义，问句部分用否定形式。如：
①Your father is unhappy, isn’t he?(不能用is he?)
②The man is dishonest, isn’t he? (不能用is he?)
③It is impossible to learn English without remembering more words, isn’t it?(不能用is it ?)
五、反意疑问句的陈述部分带有little, few, never, hardly, seldom等否定意义的词时，问句部分用肯定式。如：
①She never tells a lie, does she?(不用doesn’t she?)
②He was seldom late, was he?(不用wasn’t he?)
六、反意疑问句的陈述部分为I am……时，问句部分习惯上用aren’t I？表示。如：
　　I am a very honest man, aren’t I?
七、反意疑问句的陈述部分为I(We) think(believe, suppose, consider) + that从句时，问句部分的动词及主语与that从句内的动词和主语保持一致。如：
①I think that he has done his best, hasn’t he?
②We think that English is very useful, isn’t it? (不用don’t we?)
八、反意疑问句的陈述部分为I(We) don’t think(believe, suppose, consider)+ that从句时，从句为否定意义，问句部分的动词和主语仍与that从句保持一致且用肯定式。如：①I don’t think that you can do it, can you? (不用do I?)
②We don’t believe that the news is true, is it? (不用do we?)
九、反意疑问句的陈述部分为非第一人称主语+ think(believe, suppose, consider) + that从句时，问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致。如：
①They all think that English is very important, don’t they? (不用isn’t it?)
②He didn’t think that the news was true, did he? (不用wasn’t/ was it?)
十、反意疑问句的陈述部分为主语+said( told, reported, asked……) + that从句时，问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致。如：
①They said that you had finished your work, didn’t they? (不用hadn’t you)
②Kate told you that she would go there, didn’t she? (不用wouldn’t she?)
十一、陈述部分的主语为不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything时，问句部分的主语用it。如：①Something is wrong with the computer, isn’t it? ②Nothing has happened to them, has it?
十二、陈述部分的主语为不定代词somebody(someone), anybody(anyone), nobody(no one), everybody(everyone)时，问句部分的主语用he或 they，这时问句动词的数应和he或 they一致。如：
①Someone has taken the seat, hasn’t he?
②Everyone has done their best in the game, haven’t they?
十三、陈述部分为Let me……时，问句部分习惯上用shall I? 或will you?形式。如： Let me have a try, shall I?(will you?)
十四、陈述部分为Let us……时，问句部分习惯上用will you?形式。如：
　　Let us stop to rest, will you?
十五、陈述部分为Let’s……时，问句部分习惯上用shall we?形式。如：
　　Let’s go home together, shall we?
十六、陈述部分用上述情况以外的祈使句时，问句部分一般用will you?形式表示请求，用won’t you？形式表示委婉请求或邀请。如：
①Do sit down, won’t you?/ will you? ②You feed the bird today, will you?
③Please open the window, will you?(won’t you?)
十七、陈述部分为否定祈使句时，问句部分一般用will you?形式。如：
　　Don’t make any noise, will you?
十八、陈述部分为There (Here) + be + 主语时，问句部分用动词+there(here)?形式。如：
①There are two cakes on the plate, aren’t there? ②Here is a story about Mark Twain, isn’t here?
十九、陈述部分用had better +原形动词表示建议时，问句部分用hadn’t +主语？形式。
①You’d better tell him about the matter, hadn’t you?
②We had better do it by ourselves, hadn’t we?
二十、陈述部分用used to +主语时，问句部分用didn’t + 主语？或usedn’t +主语？形式。
①He used to live in the country, didn’t he?/usedn’t he?
②They used to be good friends, didn’t they?/usedn’t they?
二十一、陈述部分用must(may, might) + have + V-ed表示推测时，若句中带有明显的过去时间的状语，问句部分动词用过去时形式。如：
①He might have forgotten his pen in the classroom yesterday, didn’t he?
　(不用mightn’t he?/ hasn’t he?)
②You must have got up late this morning, didn’t you?(不用mustn’t you?/haven’t you?)
二十二、陈述部分用must(may, might) + have + V-ed表示推测时，若句中没有带明显的过去时间的状语，问句部分动词用现在完成时形式。如：
①Everyone must have known the death of the waitress, haven’t they? (不用mustn’t they?)
②You must have worked there a year ago, didn’t you?(不用mustn’t you?/ haven’t you?)
二十三、陈述部分的主语为从句时，问句部分的主语一般用it代替，如：
①What he said is true, isn't it? (不用didn’t he?)
②Where we will build the dam has not been decided yet, has it? (不用won’t we?)
二十四、陈述部分的主语为动名词或不定式时，问句的主语用it代替。如：
①To do one good deed is easy for a person, isn't it?
②Skating is your favorite sport, isn't it?
反意疑问句是由两部份构成的，前一部分是对事物的述说（即陈述句），后一部分是简短的发问（即简短疑问句），中间用逗号隔开。要是前一部分用确定句，后一部分就用否定疑问句；要是前一部分用否定句，后一部分就用确定疑问句。两部份的人称和时态要同等。其回答是用yes或no来示意。
1、含be(is, are, was, were)动词的反意疑问句
其句型是：句型一:主语+ be+其余，isn’t(aren’t, wasn’t, weren’t)+ 主语?
 句型二:主语+ be not+其余，is(are, was, were) + 主语?
① You are from America, aren’t you? Yes, I am. No, I’m not.
② It isn’t very cold today, is it? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
③ Tom was away yesterday, wasn’t he? Yes, he was. No, he wasn’t.
④ The Green weren’t at home last night, were they? 
Yes, they were. No, they weren’t.
⑤ Mary is reading English now, isn’t she? Yes, she is. No, she isn’t.
⑥ Your parents aren’t going to have a party this Sunday, are they?
　　Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. 
⑦ The girls were singing when the teacher came in, weren’t they?
　　Yes, they were. No, they weren’t.
注重：There be句型 
① There is an old picture on the wall, isn’t there? Yes, there is. No, there isn’t.
② There aren’t any children in the room, are there?
Yes, there are. No, there aren’t. 
③ There wasn’t a telephone call for me, was there? Yes, there was. No, there wasn’t.
④ There were enough people to pick apples, weren’t there?
Yes, there were. No there weren’t.
2、举动动词的一般现在时的反意疑问句
 其句型是：句型一: 主语+动词本相+其余，don’t I(you, we, they)?
句型二: 主语+ don’t+动词本相+其余，do I(you, we, they)?
句型三: 主语+动词第三人称单数+其余，doesn’t he(she, it)?
句型四: 主语+ doesn’t+动词本相+其余，does he(she, it)?
① You often watch TV in the evening, don’t you?  Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
② The students don’t study hard, do they?  Yes, they do. No, they don’t.
③ Mary studies Chinese hard, doesn’t she?  Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t.
④ The boy doesn’t often go to school by bike, does he?
Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.
⑤ The first class begins at eight, doesn’t it?  Yes, it does. No, it doesn’t.
3、 举动动词的一般过去时的反意疑问句
其句型是：句型一: 主语+动词过去式+其余，didn’t+主语?
句型二: 主语+didn’t+动词本相+其余，did +主语?
① You watched TV last night, didn’t you?  Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.
② Jim’s parents didn’t go to Hong Kong last month, did they?
 Yes, they did.  No, they didn’t.
③ The rain stopped, didn’t it?  Yes, it did. No, it didn’t.
④ Mr. Clarke didn’t buy a car, didn’t he?  Yes, he did. No, he didn’t.
4、一般将来时的反意疑问句
其句型是：句型一: 主语+will+动词本相+其余，won’t+主语?
句型二: 主语+ won’t +动词本相+其余，will +主语?
① The boys will play games, won’t they? Yes, they will.  No, they won’t.
② It won’t stop raining, will it? Yes, it will.  No, it won’t.
③ Mr. Smith will visit our school next week, won’t he? Yes, he will. No, he won’t.
注重：There be句型的一般将来时
① There will be a basketball match tomorrow, won’t there?
 Yes, there will.  No, there won’t.
 ② There won’t be too much pollution in the future, will there?
 Yes, there will.  No, there won’t.
5、现在完成时的反意疑问句
其句型是：句型一: 主语+have+动词过去分词+其余，haven’t+主语?
句型二: 主语+ haven’t +动词过去分词+其余，have +主语?
句型三: 主语+has+动词过去分词+其余，hasn’t+主语?
句型四: 主语+ hasn’t +动词过去分词+其余，has +主语?
① You have been to Shanghai before, haven’t you? Yes I have. No, I haven’t.
② You haven’t been to Shanghai before, have you? Yes I have. No, I haven’t.
③ Jack has done his homework, hasn’t he?  Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.
④ Jack hasn’t done his homework, has he?  Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.
6、如今完成进行时的反意疑问句
其句型是：句型一: 主语+have been+动词如今分词+其余，haven’t+主语?
句型二: 主语+ haven’t been +动词如今分词+其余，have +主语?
句型三: 主语+has been +动词如今分词+其余，hasn’t+主语?
句型四: 主语+ hasn’t been +动词如今分词+其余，has +主语?
① You have been skating for five hours, haven’t you? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
② You haven’t been skating for five hours, have you? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
③ Bob has been collecting kites since 1999, hasn’t he? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.
④ Bob hasn’t been collecting kites since 1999, has he? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.
7、含有情态动词的反意疑问句
其句型是：句型一: 主语+情态动词+动词本相+其余，情态动词否定情势+主语?
 句型二: 主语+情态动词否定情势+动词本相+其余，情态动词+主语?
① You can speak French, can’t you?  Yes, I can. No, I can’t.
② They can’t understand me, can they? Yes, they can. No, they can’t.
③ Ann could swim when she was six, couldn’t she? Yes, she could. No, she couldn’t.
④ The students must study hard, mustn’t they? Yes, they must. No, they needn’t.
注重：You must go home now, needn’t you? Yes, I must. No, I needn’t.
★ 值得注重的是偶然英语的谓语动词并不用否定式（即没加之not），
　　而是用上了“never, little, few, hardly, nothing, nobody”等词，这时候该陈述句也属于否定句，因而，反意疑问句的后半部份运用确定疑难式。
① You have never been to Beijing, have you?  Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
② Mr. Fat has few friends here, does he? Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.
③ There is little milk in the bottle, is there? Yes, there is. No, there isn’t.
④ He could do nothing, could he? Yes, he could. No, he couldn’t.
8、祈使句用于反意疑问句中
 这类类型较特别，前一部分是祈使句，后一部分是确定疑难情势。回答也较天真。
句型一: Let me+动词本相+其余，shall I?
Let me open the door, shall I? Yes, please. No, thanks.
句型二: Let’s+动词本相+其余，shall we?
Let’s go for a walk, shall we?  Good idea!  Sorry, I can’t.
句型三: 其余情势的祈使句，will you?
Come into the classroom, will you?  OK. Please be careful, will you?

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