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课时素养评价四 Unit 2 Morals and Virtues Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. We all shared in her happiness when she won the scholarship(奖学金).
2. Time is the most precious(宝贵的)thing that we have.
3. In a good marriage(婚姻), both husband and wife work hard to solve any problems that arise.
4. His passive(被动的) attitude made me really annoyed.
5. The principle(原则) of the design is to offer the best to the readers.
6. Social evolution always takes place in the dilemma(困境) of economic development and cultural preservation.
7. I did stay right where I was, until I turned 65 and my boss made me retire(退休).
8. Students themselves need to cultivate their good virtues(美德) and qualities.
9. They expect him to do well in the next election(选举).
10. That will give us time to sell it elsewhere(别的地方) if you are not interested.
Ⅱ. 单句语法填空
1. Do you think we should try to protect those old buildings or replace them with the modern ones?
2. If you moved to that country, would you be nervous or scared(scare)?
3. As a result, these students tend to feel(feel)sleepy all day and have bad memories.
4. The Journey to the West is a Chinese novel published(publish) in the 16th century during the Ming dynasty.
5. I’m writing to respond to your advertisement for the position of sales manager.
6. I am writing to complain about one of your bus-drivers’ improper and rude behaviors.
7. Now, let’s make an appointment(appoint) at 7: 00 pm next Sunday at the library near my home.
8. Enough sleep can make us energetic(energy) and perform well in an exam.
9. If we make the same choice as the majority(major), it will greatly reduce the risk of making wrong choices.
10. I have never seen a better(good) performance than this one.
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
(2019·济南高一检测)
Marian Wright Edelman, an American lawyer, educator and children’s rights activist, was born on June 6, 1939 in South Carolina, one of five children. Her father Arthur Wright was a preacher (牧师) who died when she was only 14 years old. In his last words to her, he advised her not to “let anything get in the way of your education. ”
After high school, Edelman went on to study at Spelman College and later traveled to the Soviet Union. When she returned to Spelman in 1959, Edelman became involved in the civil rights movement. This work inspired her to drop her plans to enter the Foreign Service and study law instead. In 1973, Edelman set up the Children’s Defense Fund as a voice for poor and disabled children. She served as a public speaker on behalf of these children.
During a tour, Marian met Peter Edelman, an assistant to Kennedy, and the next year she moved to Washington, D. C. to marry him and to work for social justice in the center of America’s political scene. The couple had three sons: Joshua, Jonah and Ezra. Jonah is the founder of Stand for Children, a group that promotes children’s education, and Ezra is a documentary (纪录片) filmmaker who won an Emmy for his film “O. J. : Made in America. ”
Edelman is the author of many books for children and adults. Her titles for readers include I’m Your child, God: Prayers for Our Children, Guide My Feet: Prayers and Meditations for Our Children, Lanterns: A Memoir of Mentors, and The Measure of Our Success: A Letter to My Children and Yours, which was a surprising success.
【文章大意】本文讲述了一位出身牧师家庭的美国黑人女性, 凭着自己对正义公平的信仰, 依靠自身所受的良好教育, 投身民权和社会公益事业的故事。
1. What do we know about Edelman’s family?
A. She was the single child.
B. Her mother was a preacher.
C. They took education seriously.
D. The family had a poor life.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句In his last words to her, he advised her not to “let anything get in the way of your education. ”(父亲在给她的临终遗言中, 建议她不要“让任何事情妨碍你的教育”。)可推知Edelman的家庭对教育认真严肃。
2. Why did Edelman drop her plans to enter the Foreign Service?
A. She wanted to study abroad.
B. She intended to be a lawyer.
C. She had little time for her work.
D. She was interested in civil rights.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中When she returned to Spelman in 1959, Edelman became involved in the civil rights movement. This work inspired her to drop her plans to enter the Foreign Service and study law instead. (1959年, 当她回到斯佩尔曼时, 埃德尔曼参与了民权运动。这份工作激励她放弃了进入外交部门学习法律的计划。)可知Edelman对民权很感兴趣, 让她放弃了进入外交部门的计划。
3. Where did Edelman get married?
A. In Washington D. C. B. In the Soviet Union.
C. In South Carolina. D. In Spelman.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中During a tour, Marian met Peter Edelman, an assistant to Kennedy, and the next year she moved to Washington, D. C. to marry him and to work for social justice in the center of America’s political scene. (在一次旅行中, Marian遇到了肯尼迪的助手Peter Edelman。第二年, 她搬到了华盛顿特区, 嫁给了他, 并在美国政治舞台的中心为社会正义工作。)可知Edelman是在华盛顿特区结婚的。
4. What can be learned about Edelman’s children?
A. They all worked for social justice.
B. They achieved something in career.
C. They won many awards in their lives.
D. They contributed to their mother’s books.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段中The couple had three sons: Joshua, Jonah and Ezra. Jonah is the founder of Stand for Children, a group that promotes children’s education, and Ezra is a documentary filmmaker who won an Emmy for his film “O. J. : Made in America. ”(这对夫妇有三个儿子: 约书亚、约拿和以斯拉。约拿是促进儿童教育的组织Stand for Children的创始人, 以斯拉是一位纪录片导演, 他的电影《O. J. : Made in America. 》获得了艾美奖。”)可知Edelman的孩子在事业上有所成就。
B
(2019·郑州高一检测)
The World Happiness Report, a United Nations agency report, measures (估量) how happy people are, and why. Norway is the happiest place on Earth—beating neighbour Denmark from the number one position.
Denmark, Iceland, Switzerland and Finland round out the top five, while the Central African Republic came last. Western Europe and North America took up most of the places at the top of table, with the US and UK at 14th and 19th.
The World Happiness Report mainly depends on asking a simple question of more than 1, 000 people every year in more than 150 countries. “Imagine a ladder (梯子), with steps numbered from 0 at the bottom to 10 at the top, ” the question asks, “The top of the ladder is the best possible life for you and the bottom of the ladder is the worst possible life for you. On which step of the ladder would you say you personally feel you stand at this time? ”
The average result is the country’s score—from Norway’s 7. 54 to the Central African Republic’s 2. 69. But the report also tries to explain why one country is happier than another. It looks at reasons including economic strength (经济实力) , social support, freedom of choice, and generosity.
This year’s report also has a text titled “restoring (恢复) American happiness”, which examines why happiness levels in the United States are falling, despite continually-increasing economic improvement. “The United States can and should raise happiness by solving America’s social problems—rising inequality and distrust—rather than focusing mainly on economic growth, ” the authors said.
Jeffrey Sachs, the director of the Sustainable Development Solutions Network, which published the report, said President Donald Trump’s policies were likely to make things worse.
【文章大意】本文主要讲述了世界幸福报告及各国排名并指出影响幸福排名的因素, 包括经济实力, 社会支持, 选择自由和慷慨。
5. Which of the following is the correct order of the countries in terms of happiness levels?
A. Denmark, the UK, the US, the Central African Republic
B. Denmark, the US, the UK, the Central African Republic
C. the US, Denmark, the UK, the Central African Republic
D. Denmark, the US, the Central African Republic, the UK
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章“Denmark, Iceland, Switzerland and Finland round out the top five, while the Central African Republic came last. Western Europe and North America took up most of the places at the top of table, with the US and UK at 14th and 19th. ” 可知Denmark, the US, the UK和the Central African Republic的幸福排名从高到低, 故选B项。
6. How does the World Happiness Report measure happiness?
A. By asking a question.
B. By having a conversation.
C. By doing scientific research.
D. By carrying out an online survey.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章“The World Happiness Report mainly depends on asking a simple question of more than 1, 000 people every year in more than 150 countries. ” 《世界幸福报告》的主要依据是每年向150多个国家的1000多人询问一个简单的问题。因此《世界幸福报告》就是通过问问题来衡量幸福的, 故选A项。
7. What can we know about America form the passage?
A. Its people live an unhappy life.
B. Its economy is going downhill.
C. Its social problems are hard to solve.
D. It has a lower happiness level than before.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据文章“This year’s report also has a text titled “restoring American happiness”, which examines why happiness levels in the United States are falling, despite continually-increasing economic improvement. ”今年的报告还有一个文本标题为“恢复美国幸福”, 调查为什么在美国幸福水平正在下降, 尽管经济与日增长。可以推断出美国幸福水平没有以前好, 所以要求恢复美国幸福水平, 故选D项。
8. What’s the author’s purpose of writing the passage?
A. To explain the reason for being happy.
B. To introduce the World Happiness Report.
C. To talk about America’s social problem.
D. To discuss the policies by Donald Trump.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。本文主题就是介绍《世界幸福报告》及各国排名, 并指出影响幸福排名的因素, 所以作者的目的就是介绍《世界幸福报告》。故选B项。
Ⅱ. 阅读填句
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2019·株洲高一检测)
When writing the story of your life, don’t let someone else hold the pen. 1 Here are some ideas for writing a life story:
Live happily in your own way. You are not in this world to live up to the expectations of others, nor should you feel that others are here to live up to yours. What success means to each of us is totally different. Success to others may mean being a good parent. Success is only about spending your life happily in your own way.
2 There are thousands of possible paths up the mountain of life, so it really doesn’t matter which path you start off on. The only mistake is by wasting time running around at the base of the mountain, telling everyone that your life path is wrong.
Embrace (信奉) new ideas, lessons, and challenges. Sometimes growing up means growing apart from old habits, relationships, and situations, and finding something new that truly moves you. 3 You should look very clearly into the unknown and enjoy it. Because when you come in contact with things that you don’t know, that’s when you’re learning, growing, and truly living.
Live honorably through kindness. If you live honorably, no matter how old you get, you’ll never lose your beauty. 4
Spend quality time with people you love. 5 People don’t live forever. Appreciate what you have, who loves you and who cares for you. You’ll never know how much they mean until the day when they are no longer beside you. Someday you will either regret not doing so, or you will say, “I’m glad I did. ”
A. Lost time is never found again.
B. Appreciate the little things in life that mean a lot.
C. Change your path when you must, but keep moving forward.
D. There is nothing more wonderful than seeing life as an adventure.
E. For others, it may mean to simply be happy or it can be all of the above.
F. And remember, there is no better thing than reaching out and holding the hand of someone in need.
G. Make wise choices every day because the way you live each day is a sentence in the story of your life.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。短文就如何过好自己的一生向读者提出了几点建议。
1. 【解析】选G。由“When writing the story of your life, don’t let someone else hold the pen. ______ Here are some ideas for writing a life story”可知, 谱写自己人生篇章的时候, 不要把笔交给别人。以下是谱写人生篇章的一些想法。所以该空起到承上启下的作用。故G选项“每天都要做出明智的选择, 因为你每天的生活方式就是你人生篇章中的一句话”符合题意。故G选项切题。
2. 【解析】选C。由“There are thousands of possible paths up the mountain of life, so it really doesn’t matter which path you start off on. The only mistake is by wasting time running around at the base of the mountain, telling everyone that your life path is wrong. ”可知, 通往人生这座高山有很多路可以走, 走哪条并不重要。唯一的错误是我们把时间浪费在了在山脚下徘徊, 告诉其他人你选择的路是一条错误的路。所以本段主要在告诉读者当你必须改变自己所走的路时, 你可以改变。但不能停留, 要继续前行也就是本段小标题所要说的内容。故C选项“当你必须改变自己所走的路时, 你可以改变。但要继续前行”符合题意。故C选项切题。
3. 【解析】选D。由“Sometimes growing up means growing apart from old habits, relationships, and situations, and finding something new that truly moves you. ______ You should look very clearly into the unknown and enjoy it. ”可知, 有时候, 成长意味着远离陈旧的习惯、人际关系和环境, 去发现一些真正打动你的新东西。你应该非常清楚地看到未知的事物并去享受它的乐趣。所以该空与前后句在一同说明小标题的内容。故D选项“没有什么比把生活看成一场冒险更奇妙的了”符合题意。故D选项切题。
4. 【解析】选F。由“If you live honorably, no matter how old you get, you’ll never lose your beauty”可知, 如果你活得体面, 无论你多大, 你永远不会失去你的青春。所以该空要说明标题的中的“kindness”。故F选项“记住, 没有什么比伸出手来帮助有需要的人更好的了”符合题意。故F选项切题。
5. 【解析】选A。由小标题“Spend quality time with people you love”以及“People don’t live forever. ”可知, 与你爱的人共度美好时光。人们不会永远活着。所以该空要说明要珍惜时间与下一句一同来说明小标题的内容。故A选项“光阴一去不复返”符合题意。故A选项切题。
【阅读多维训练】
This year’s report also has a text titled “restoring American happiness”, which examines why happiness levels in the United States are falling, despite continually-increasing economic improvement.
分析:
本句是一个复合句。句中which引导非限制性定语从句, 修饰先行词a text titled “restoring American happiness”; 句中 titled “restoring American happiness”为过去分词短语作定语; why happiness levels in the United States are falling, 为why引导的宾语从句; despite continually-increasing economic improvement. 为介词短语作让步状语。
译文: 今年的报告也有一篇题为“恢复美国幸福”的文章, 这篇文章调查了美国幸福指数下降的原因, 尽管经济状况持续改善。
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