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Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
课时作业(一)
[基础训练]
Ⅰ 单词拼写
1．Health problems can be ________ (显著地) reduced by careful diet.
答案：significantly
2．The company has just ________ (获得；得到) new premises.
答案：acquired
3．We are living in an age of rapid technological ________ (进步)．
答案：advance
4．They hope this new evidence will ________ (证明) her innocence.
答案：prove
5．Last year's sales figures are ________ (证明) in Figure 2.
答案：illustrated
6．It's about time we u________ our software.
答案：update
7．The two countries have always m________ close relations.
答案：maintained
8．My parents gave me a d________ watch as a birthday present.
答案：digital
9．You can check the emails from your friends with a c________ of your mouse.
答案：click
10．The results are shown in d________ 2.
答案：diagram
Ⅱ 单句语法填空
1．(2017·北京高考)For the machine, this quality is not in－born, nor is it something ________ (introduce) by humans.
答案：introduced introduce和something之间存在被动关系，应用过去分词短语作后置定语。
2．________ if this medicine doesn't work well?
答案：What What if ... 为常用句式，意为“要是……该如何？”
3．Do you stay ________ touch with your friends in high school now?
答案：in stay in touch with sb.为常用动词短语，意为“和某人保持联系”。
4．(2017·浙江高考)How much sleep you need ________ (depend) a lot on your age.
答案：depends 本句描述一般事实，应用一般现在时，故填depends。
5．People tend ________ (keep) what our teacher said in class in mind completely.
答案：to keep tend to do sth.为常用动词短语，意为“倾向于做某事，通常做某事”。
[思维训练]
Ⅰ 完形填空
Communication is an important part of any relationship. Many of us are __1__ to share our experiences or emotions with our friends. But when it's our turn to lend a(n) __2__， we soon become bored or are short of ideas on how to __3__ and offer advice.
That's because of what researchers call “listener burnout (精疲力竭)”. A friend might talk to us __4__，often complaining about the same __5__ problems. When we offer quick advice to __6__ the situation, we may be unconsciously trying to __7__ ourselves from burnout. However, good listeners __8__ their natural tendency to solve the others' problems hurriedly and to keep the conversation brief.
To be a good __9__， you need to use “active listening”. It starts with the real __10__ to help others and think through their feelings. Don't __11__ things. You can start by putting your phone __12__ and sitting close to your friend. Let your facial expressions __13__ what he or she is saying. __14__ you are able to fully understand, acknowledge the other person's __15__ by reflecting them back：“That must be really hard for you.” Use __16__ words or even sounds such as “yes”， “right”， and “hmm” to __17__ the other person to continue.
Of course, a __18__ can be extremely hard if the other person is too critical. But don't get defensive. Effective listeners don't __19__ negative criticism. Instead, they listen and understand what the person is trying to convey __20__ responding.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。交流在人际关系中起着重要的作用，许多人都愿意和朋友分享自己的经历和情感，但是如何做一个善听者呢？
1．A．afraid B．hesitant
C．shy D．eager
答案：D 我们许多人都渴望和朋友分享自己的经历和情感。be eager to do sth. “渴望做某事”。
2．A．shoulder B．hand
C．ear D．eye
答案：C lend an ear为固定短语，意思为“倾听”。
3．A．respond B．explain
C．argue D．quit
答案：A 根据下文的“and offer advice”可知，我们对如何作出反应(respond)和提供建议没有了主意。
4．A．aimlessly B．endlessly
C．deliberately D．cautiously
答案：B 朋友可能会经常无休止地对着我们抱怨老掉牙的问题。endlessly “无休止地”符合语境。
5．A．difficult B．old
C．acute D．sensitive
答案：B 由设空前的the same判断是“老”问题。
6．A．fix B．discuss
C．create D．describe
答案：A 由上文的“offer quick advice”可知，应选fix，表示“解决”。
7．A．forgive B．protect
C．discourage D．permit
答案：B protect sb./sth. from sth.表示“保护某人/某事免于某事”，符合语境。
8．A．follow B．display
C．form D．overcome
答案：D 然而，好的倾听者会克服(overcome)他们的自然倾向来迅速解决他人的问题。
9．A．reader B．partner
C．listener D．speaker
答案：C 由下文的“active listening”可知，此处指做一个好的倾听者(listener)需要积极地倾听他人诉说。
10．A．demand B．habit
C．desire D．ability
答案：C 开始时要有真正的要帮助别人的渴望(desire)，并认真考虑他们的感受。
11．A．skip B．rush
C．overlook D．postpone
答案：B rush things表示“仓促做事”，符合语境。
12．A．away B．off
C．out D．up
答案：A 这里表示把你的手机收起来(putting your phone away)，紧挨着你朋友坐。
13．A．record B．restrict
C．reflect D．replace
答案：C 由第15空后的“by reflecting them back”可知，这里表示让你的面部表情对你朋友所说的话作出反应。
14．A．Whether B．Since
C．While D．If
答案：A 作为一个倾听者不管你是否(Whether)能够完全理解对方……。
15．A．suggestions B．purposes
C．responses D．feelings
答案：D 你都要对对方的感情(feelings)作出回应。与第1空后的“emotions”相呼应。
16．A．big B．tough
C．strong D．short
答案：D 由下文的“yes”“right”和“hmm”可知，要用简短的(short)语言来鼓励(encourage)他人继续说下去。
17．A．force B．remind
C．encourage D．convince
答案：C 由文章所述如此善解人意的方式可知是“鼓励”他人继续说下去。
18．A．conversation B．suggestion
C．problem D．lecture
答案：A 由语境可知，这里说的是谈话(conversation)很难进行下去。
19．A．give up B．make up
C．leave out D．block out
答案：D 善听者不会抹去负面评论，相反，他们会在作出反应之前倾听并且明白这个人试图传达的意思。block out “不去想，抹去”。
20．A．after B．before
C．while D．once
答案：B before “在……之前”，符合语境。
Ⅱ 阅读理解
One of the most important things in the world is friendship. In order to have friends, you have to be a friend. But how can you be a good friend at school?
Listen—Listen when they are talking. Don't say anything unless they ask you a question. Sometimes it's not necessary for you to have anything to say; they just need someone to talk to about their feelings.
Help them—If your friend is ever in need of something, be there to help them. You should try to consider them first, but you needn't do everything they want you to do. Try to take an extra pencil or pen with you to classes in case they forget one. Have a little extra money in your pocket because they may forget something they need.
Be there for them—Be there for your friends to help make them feel better in hard times. Marilyn Monroe, a famous US actor, once said, “I often make mistakes. Sometimes I am out of control, but if you can't stay with me at my worst, you are sure not to deserve to be with me at my best.” Always remember this! If you don't want to stay with you friends when they're in hard times, then you don't deserve to be with them when they're having a good time!
________—Try to make plans with your friends. Go shopping, go for ice cream, have a party, go to a movie and so on. Take time to know each other even better by doing something you both enjoy. By planning things together, you both can have a good time. And you'll remember these things when you're all old！
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述怎样才能成为一个好朋友，并对此提出了几个建议。
1．While your friend is talking to you about his or her feelings, you should ________.
A．give him or her some advice
B．just listen unless asked
C．calm him or her down
D．share your feelings as well
答案：B 细节理解题。由第二段第一、二句“Listen when they are talking. Don't say anything unless they ask you a question.”可知，B项正确。
2．When we provide help for our friends, we should ________.
A．try to do everything for them
B．consider them before ourselves
C．change their bad habits first
D．ignore their faults
答案：B 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句“You should try to consider them first, but you needn't do everything they want you to do.”可知，你应该首先想到朋友，但不要为他们做所有的事，故答案选B。
3．Which of the following can be put in the blank of the last paragraph?
A．Make plans.
B．Enjoy yourself.
C．Understand your friends.
D．Play with your friends.
答案：A 推理判断题。由破折号后面的“Try to make plans with your friends.”可知，该段是指要和朋友一起做计划，故答案为A。
4．The passage is mainly about ________.
A．how to find a good friend
B．how to help friends in trouble
C．how to be a good friend
D．how to make more friends
答案：C 主旨大意题。文章第一段的最后一句提出如何成为一个好朋友，接下来具体给出了几个建议，由此可知，文章主要讲的是如何成为一个好朋友，故选C。
Ⅲ 七选五
You cannot choose your child's friends for him, but you can help him learn to choose friends wisely. __1__ Here are a few ways to help your child make friends.
●Build your child's self－confidence.
When he succeeds or has made a great choice, tell him you're proud of him. __2__ Your middle school student is going through many changes and may feel like he isn't “good enough”. Building his self－confidence will help him feel more confident and will make it easier for him to form healthy friendships.
●__3__
Give him your full attention when he talks, and really listen to what he has to say.
●Discuss the qualities in a friend with your child.
Discuss with your child the qualities that matter most, such as being reliable and kind, and making good choices when it comes to avoiding alcohol and tobacco.
●Get to know your child's friends.
__4__ It's more important to talk with them and find out what they like to do. Allow your child to invite his friends over and get to know them better.
●__5__
After－school clubs and sports programs are good places for meeting new people. Be open to exploring different activities with your child to find something that he enjoys.
A．Friends are very important for us.
B．Introduce your child to new groups of people.
C．Talk with your child every day and listen to his concerns.
D．Try not to judge your child's friends based on how they dress.
E．When he does not succeed, help him feel better and keep trying.
F．You can teach him ways to find friends who will have a positive influence on him.
G．There are many types of friends and we should be careful when making our choices.
1．F 根据前文“you can help him learn to choose friends wisely”及后文“Here are a few ways to help your child make friends.”可知F项“你可以教他如何找到对他有积极影响的朋友。”承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
2．E 设空前提到孩子成功时的情况，设空后提到孩子正经历改变，可能觉得自己不够优秀，所以E项“当他失败时，帮他找回自信、继续尝试。”符合语境，故选E。
3．C 根据下文“Give him your full attention when he talks, and really listen to what he has to say.”可知，C项“每天和你的孩子交谈，倾听他所关注的事情。”符合语境。
4．D 由小标题可知，本段讲了解孩子的朋友，结合选项分析可知D项“尽量不要根据穿着判断他们的朋友。”切题。
5．B 根据下文“After－school clubs and sports programs are good places for meeting new people.”可知，本段讲的是交新朋友的途径，结合选项分析可知，B项“要把你的孩子介绍给新的人群。”适合作小标题。
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