商务英语翻译(第一讲.pptx

商务英语翻译第一讲 商务英语翻译概论 一.商务英语定义 商务活动所涉及的许多领域如：技术引进、对外贸易、招商引资、对外劳务承包与合同、国际金融、涉外保险、国际旅游、海外投资、国际运输等，所使用的英语统称为商务英语（Business English）。第一节：综述第一节：综述二.商务英语的特点 商务英语是英语的一种社会功能变体，是专门用途英语（English for Specific Purposes)中的一个分支，具有独特的语言现象和表现内容。1.文体复杂 表现在涉及的专业范围很广，广告英语、航运英语、包装英语、信函英语、进出口英语等功能变体因故。2.词汇专业、词义丰富 商务英语在词汇使用上的最大特点是对专业词汇的精确运用，其中包括大量具有商务含义的普通词和复合词、以及缩略词语等。例1：Industrial averages were up.工业股票的平均价格在上涨。Average is of two kinds:General Average and Particular Average.海损费用有两种：一种是共同海损，另一种是单独海损。例2：He gave his house as a security.他以房子做抵押。例3：Treasury securities are revalued daily.国库券每天都重新估价。例4：soft market 疲软市场（以低价或跌价为特征的市场）soft loan 较宽松的还款条件/利息较低的贷款 例5It is not surprising,then,that the world saw a return to a floating exchange rate system.Central banks were no longer required to support their own currencies.Floating policy is of great importance for export trade;it is,in fact,a convenient method of insuring goods where a number of similar export transactions are intended,e.g.where the insured has to supply an overseas importer under an exclusive sales agreement or maintains sales representatives or subsidiary companies abroad.在这种情况下，世界各国又恢复浮动汇率浮动汇率就不足为奇了。各国中英银行也就无须维持本币的汇价了。统保单统保单对出口贸易至关重要。它实际上是货物保险中的一种便利的办法，特别适合于分不同的时间出口的一批类似货物，如，当被保险方根据独家代理协议书向国外的进口方供货，或在国外委任了销售代表，设立分支机构时用之。3.句法特殊 商务英语句法从整体上讲，呈现出两种截然相反的文体特征。一方面，商务英语日趋口语化、简单化口语化、简单化，表现在语言结构上，简单句并列句甚至省略句的使用愈来愈多。另一方面，一些商务文本的法律属性，如商务合同等决定了商务英语语言严密性、准确性严密性、准确性的特征，表现在语言结构上大量使用长句、复合句、并列复大量使用长句、复合句、并列复合句等句式，以及被动句、倒装句和含有较长插入合句等句式，以及被动句、倒装句和含有较长插入语、同位语、介词短语的特殊句型。语、同位语、介词短语的特殊句型。例1：As requested in your letter of 21 June,we are enclosing our check for$100.00.按照你方6月21 日来信的要求，随信附上100美元支票一张。（例1英文原文口语化。比较：Re your letter of 21st inst.,in connection with our account,we are remitting our check herewith,as per your request,in the amount of$100.00.)例2This contract is made by and between the buyers and the sellers,whereby the buyers agree to buy and the sellers agree to sell the under-mentioned commodity according to the terms and conditions stipulated below.本合同由买卖双方订立，双方同意按照下面规定的条款买卖以下商品。（评析：商务合同需确保所述事项准确、严格，有效避免纠纷）例3本合同规定美元的价值由议付日中国银行公布的美元对德国马克、法国法郎的平均买卖汇率的比率来确定。The value of US Dollars under this contract under this contract is determined by the ratio of the mean the mean buying and selling ratesbuying and selling rates of US Dollars againstagainst Deutsche Marks and French Francs published by the Bank of China on the date the date of negotiation.of negotiation.例3If，whether during the execution of the works or after their completion and whether before or after the reputation or other termination of the contract,between the Employer and the Contractor arises any dispute in connection with,or arising out of,the Contract or the execution of the works,including any disagreement by either party with any action,inaction,opinion,instruction,determination,certificate or valuation of the Engineer,the matter shall,in the first place,be referred to the Disputes Review Board.无论是在工程执行过程中，还是在工程完成以后，也无论是在放弃合同或其他终止合同之前或者之后，如果业主和承包商之间出现任何与合同或工程执行有关而引发的争端，包括任何一方对工程师的任何行动、不行动、意见、指示、决定、证书或评价所产生的异议，那么该争端应首先提交争端审核委员会。4.陈述事物往往具体、明确，不能含糊其辞。比较：We wish to confirm our telex dispatched yesterday.We confirm our telex of July 2nd,2000.基本翻译标准一.“信”“达”“雅”-严复（1898）二.“直译”“意译”-王佐良（1979）三.翻译“三原则”-泰特勒 英国 18世纪末 1.译文应完全复写出原作的思想（A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work)。2.译文的风格和笔调应与原文的性质相同（The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original)。3.译文应和原作同样流畅（A translation should have all the ease of the original composition)。第二节第二节 商务英语翻译的标准商务英语翻译的标准四.“功能对等”（Functional Equivalence)奈达 美国 原文与译文在信息内容、说话方式、文体、风格、语言、文化、社会因素等各方面达到对等。五.“语义翻译”、“交际翻译”纽马克，英国 以原语文本为中心，以译语文化读者为中心商务翻译基本标准1.原文与译文语义信息对等原文与译文语义信息对等 语义信息包括：表层语义信息表层语义信息（surface structure semantic message)和深层语义信息深层语义信息 (deep structure semantic message)例1：If,within thirty days after receipt by a party of a proposal made in accordance with paragraph 1,parties have not reached agreement on the choice of a sole arbitrator,the sole arbitrator shall be appointed by the appointing authority agreed upon by the parties.如果当事人一方收到按照第一款提出的建议后三十天内未能就遴选独任仲裁员达成协议，则应由当事人所约定的制定机关指定独任仲裁员。（评析：所有法律文献只表达字面意思，不能有任何的引申。法律文献所承载的信息就是语言文字的表面所传递的信息，不存在任何的深层语义结构。）2.原文与译文风格信息对等 国际商务英语涉及不同文体的语言形式，如公文、法律、广告等。例1：The home of your dreams awaits you behind this door.Whether your taste be a country manor estate or a penthouse in the sky,you will find the following pages filled with the worlds most elegant residences.打开门，恭候您的就是梦寐以求的家。无论您企盼的是一座乡间宅邸，抑或是一间摩天大楼的顶屋，翻开下面几页就可以看到世界上最高雅的住宅供您选择。（评析：此为一则广告，该广告中“await,be,manor,elegant,residence”等均是正式语汇，代替了口语体的wait,is,house,nice,place.选择较为文雅的用词烘托出商品的高贵品质，满足这类商品消费者讲究身份、追求上乘的心理。以“恭候、企盼、宅邸、高雅的住宅”在语体色彩及风格上尽量与原文对应。）一.分析 对原文语言现象、文化背景、语篇类型及特征 1.语言分析：词汇意义（一词多义、多词同义等）、各成分之间的语法关系（如主谓结构、修饰结构等）、修辞手段（如拟声、双关、头韵、排比等）。2.文化背景：因语言、历史、地理、风俗习惯等不同而造成的各民族独特的表达法和逻辑思维的分析。3.语篇类型：原文题材、体裁、文体、风格乃至语篇内在的衔接、连贯等的分析。第三节第三节 商务英语翻译过程商务英语翻译过程二.转换 从语义结构分析道产生译文初稿的过程。三.重组 重新组织译文中的词汇特征、句法特征和语篇特征。四.检验 1.与源文本进行比较 2.逆向翻译 3.对译文理解层面、自然程度、可读性进行检验。1.Assuming the laboratory tests go well,and you can quote us a competitive price,wed certainly be able to place more substantial orders on a regular basis.2.Shipping details,including whether transshipments are allowed.Also recorded should be the latest date for shipment and the names of the ports of shipment and discharge.(It may be in the best interest of the exporter for shipment to be allowed“from any UK port”so that he has a choice if,for example,some ports are affected by strikes.The same applies for the port of discharge.练习：练习：译文：1.若实验室检测合格，且你们给我们的报价具有竞争力，我们一定会定期大量订货的。2.装船细节：包括是否允许转运以及装船的最后日期和装船、卸货的港口名称。（就出口商而言，如能任选英国的任何港口装船最有利。如发生罢工等情况下，他有选择港口的余地。对卸货港口亦然。）1.商务英语与其他语体相比有哪些显著特点？2.从事商务英语翻译时要把握哪些要点？本章思考：本章思考：1.将下面的短文翻译成汉语，注意词义的选择和语体色彩。It is not difficult to ensure high-speed growth of the national economy through expanded investment on a large scale,but it is difficult to realize effective economic growth and raise the enterprises capital profit rate and productivity.It is better to change investment structure and orient the investment to infrastructure industries of the national economy such as agriculture,energy,securities；however,investment in the infrastructure industry will not(at least in the short term)bring high economic benefits.It is imperative to orient the investment to enterprises with better economic benefits,State-owned enterprises in particular,have been concentrated on the highly monopolized industries such as tobacco,petrochemicals and telecommunications,and the high speed development of these enterprises will play a limited role in promoting the whole of society.(From“From Problems Facing Chinas Economic Development”by Xiao Ming,Chinas Foreign Trade,Feb 1999)作业：作业：