英美文学试题.doc

I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets.
1. _D__ is not the best representative of the English humanists in the English humanists in the Renaissance. P9-line3~4
A. Thomas more B. Christopher Marlowe
C. William Shakespeare D. Edmund Spenser
2. _D__ does not belong to Christopher Marlowe's play. P20
A. Tamburlaine B. Dr. Faustus
C. The Jew of Malta D. Hero and Leander
3. _B__ is regarded as the pioneer of English drama. P22
A. William Shakespeare B. Christopher Marlowe
C. Edmund Spenser D. John Donne
4. __A_ are Shakespeare's two narrative poems. P29
A. Venus and Adonis B. The Two Noble Kinsmen
C. The Rape of lucrece D. The Winter's Tale
5. English Renaissance Period was an age of __B__.
A. prose and novel B. poetry and drama
C. essays and journals D. ballads and songs
6. "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" This is the beginning line of Shakespeare's ___D___. P37
A. songs B. plays
C. comedies D. sonnets
7. Which play is not a comedy? P30（D）
A. A Midsummer Night's B. The Merchant of Venice
C. Twelfth Night D. Romeo and Juliet
E. As You Like It
8. In 1847, the Bronte Sisters published the following famous novels except__D____.p256
A. Jane Eyre B. Shirley
C.Wuthering Heights D. The Tenant of Wildfell Hall
9. In __B___'s hands, "dramatic monologue" reaches its maturity and perfection. P283
A. Alfred Tennyson B. Robert Browning
C. Williams Shakespeare D. George Eliot
10. _C__ is a natural medium for Hamlet to release his anguish.p34
A. conversation B. speech
C. soliloquy D. action
11．The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events EXCEPT____B_____.
　A．the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture
　B．the vast expansion of British colonies in North America
　C．the new discoveries in geography and astrology
　D．the religious reformation and the economic expansion
12. William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe and _D___ are the best representatives of the English humanists.
A. Edmund Spenser B. Francis Bacon
C. John Milton D. Thomas More
13. _B__ is not a comedy.
A. As You Like It B. Romeo and Juliet
C. A Midsummer Night Dream D. The Twelfth Night
14. Marlowe's __A__ is a play based on the German legend of a magician aspiring for knowledge and finally meeting his tragic end as a result of selling his soul to the Devil. P21
A. Dr. Faustus B. Tamburlaine
C. The Jew of Malta D. Edward II
15. All the following poets except _D__ belong to the metaphysical school.p64
A. Donne B. Herbert
C. Marvell D. Milton
16. The publication of _C__ established Emerson as the most eloquent spokesman of New England transcendentalism.
A. Nature B. Self-reliance
C. The American Scholar D. The Over-soul
17. American Romanticism started with the publication of _A__ and ended with Leaves of Grass.p399
A. The Sketch Book B. Nature
C. The Alhambra D. Leatherstocking Tales
18. Being a period of the great flowering of American literature, the _B__ period is also called "the American Renaissance".p399
A. Puritan B. Romantic
C. Realistic D. modern
19. The American _C__ as a cultural heritage exerted great influence over American moral values and literature.p401
A. democracy B. ideal
C. Puritanism D. Romanticism
20. _D__ is considered by H. L. Mencken as "the true father of our national literature." P477
A. Ernest Hemingway B. Edgar Allan Poe
C. Washington Irving D. Mark Twain
21．“It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good for-tune, must be in want of a wife.” The quoted part is taken from __C____.
　　A．Jane Eyre
　　B．Wuthering Heights
　　C．Pride and Prejudice
　　D．Sense and Sensibility
22．All of the following poems by William Wordsworth are masterpieces on nature EXCEPT __D____.
　　A．“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”
　　B．“An Evening Walk”
　　C．“Tintern Abbey”
　　D．“The Solitary Reaper”
23．All of the following are stream –of- consciousness novels EXCEPT___A_____.
　　A．Pilgrimage
　　B．Ulysses
　　C．Mrs. Dalloway
　　D．Tess of the D’ Urbervilles
24．Shakespeare’s four greatest tragedies are ___C_____.p33
　　A．Romeo and Juliet, Othello, King Lear, Hamlet
　 B．Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth, The Merchant of Venice
　　C．Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth
　 D．Romeo and Juliet, The Merchant of Venice, Othello, Hamlet
25．All of the following novels by Daniel Defoe are the first literary works devoted to the study of problems of the lower-class people EXCEPT ____A__.p97~98
　　A．Robinson Crusoe
　　B．Captain Singleton
　　C．Moll Flanders
　　D．Colonel Jack
26．Among the three major works by John Milton _D__ is indeed the only generally acknowledged epic in English literature since Beowulf. P71
　　A．Paradise Regained
　　B．Samson Agonistes
　　C．Lycidas
　　D．ParadiseLost
27．English Romanticism, as a historical phase of literature, is generally said to have ended in 1832 with __A____. P157
　　A．the passage of the first Reform Bill in the Parliament
　　B．the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s Lyrical Ballads
　　C．the publication of T．S．Eliot’s The waste Land
　　D．the passage of the Bill of Rights in the Parliament
28．Contrary to the traditional romance of aristocrats, the modern English novel gives a realistic presentation of life of __A____.
　　A．the common English people
　　B．the upper class
　　C．the rising bourgeoisie
　　D．the enterprising landlords
29．Herman Melville wrote his semi-autobiographical novel Redburn concerning the sufferings of a genteel youth among brutal sailors. P459
　　A．Typee
　　B．Redburn
　　C．Moby-Dick
　　D．Mardi
30．“The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water.” This “iceberg” analogy is put forward by _D_____.
　　A．Mark Twain
　　B．Ezra Pound
　　C．William Faulkner
　　D．Ernest Hemingway
31．In many of Hawthorne’s stories and novels, the Puritan concept of life is condemned, or the Puritan past is shown in an almost totally negative light, especially in his ___D___ and The Scarlet Letter. P432
　　A．Twice-Told Tales
　　B．The Blithedale Romance
　　C．The Marble Faun
　　D．The House of the Seven Gables
32．The white whale, Moby Dick, symbolizes __B___ for Melville, for it is complex, unfathomable, malignant, and beautiful as well.P461
　　A．society
　　B．nature
　　C．ocean animals
　　D．human being
33．After the American Civil War, the literary interest in the so-called “reality” of life started a new period in the American literary writings know an the Age of ___A___. P471
　 A．Realism
　　B．Reason and Revolution
　　C．Romanticism
　　D．Modernism
34．Altogether, Emily Dickinson wrote 1775 poems, of which only __C____ had appeared during her lifetime.P517
　　A．three
　　B．five
　　C．seven
　　D．nine
35．The ___B___ Age of the 1920s characterized by frivolity and carelessness is brought vividly to life in The Great Gatsby.P548
　　A．Lost
　　B．Jazz
　　C．Reason
　　D．Gilded
36．Robert Frost is generally considered a regional poet whose subject matters mainly focus on the landscape and people in __D____.P561
　　A．the west
　　B．the south
　　C．Alaska
　　D．New England
37．Realism was a reaction against Romanticism and paved the way to __A____. P471
　　A．Modernism
　　B．Scientism
　　C．Post-Modernism
　　D．Feminism
38．Mark Twain employed an unpretentious style of __C__ in his novels which is best described as “vernacular”. P479
　　A．standard English
　　B．Afro-American English
　　C．colloquialism
D．urbanism
39. In 1847, the Bronte Sisters published the following famous novels except__D____.
A. Jane Eyre B. Shirley
C.Wuthering Heights D. The Tenant of Wildfell Hall
40. The eighteenth-century England is also known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of _B__. P80
A. Intellect B. Reason
C. Rationality D. Science

II. Topic discussion.
Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.
1. How is Romanticism different from Neoclassicism? Provide brief evidence from the literary works you know best.
新古典主义与浪漫主义有什么不同？从你知道最好的文学作品中提供简短的证据予以说明。
Neoclassicists upheld that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity, and thus, literary expressions should be of proportion, unity, harmony and grace.Alexander Pope’s “An Essay on Criticism” advocated grace, wit (usually though satire / humor), and simplicity in language (and the poem itself is a demonstration of those ideals, too), Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones helped establish the form of novel; Gray’s Elegy Written in Country Churchyard displays elegance in style, unified structure, serious tone and moral instructions. Romanticists tended to see the individual as the very center of all experience, including art, and thus, literary work should be “spontaneous overflow of strong feelings”, and no matter how fragmentary those experiences are (Wordsworth’s I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud or The Solitary Reaper or Coleridge’s Keble Khan), the value of the work lied in the accuracy of presenting those unique feelings and particular attitudes. In a word, Neoclassicism emphasized rationality and form but Romanticism attached great importance to the individual’s mind.
新古典主义坚持理想的艺术应该是秩序，逻辑，情感的克制和准确性，而文学作品的，应判定其为人类服务，因此，应该是文学表达的比例，团结，和谐，教皇grace.Alexander的“一篇文章批评“倡导的宽限期，机智（通常是讽刺/幽默），和简单的语言和诗本身是这些理想的演示，太，亨利·菲尔丁的汤姆·琼斯帮助建立形式新颖;写灰色的悲歌在国家墓地显示优雅的风格，统一的结构，严肃的口气和道德指令。浪漫主义者往往以看个人的非常中心的所有经验，包括艺术，并因此，文学作品应该是“自发溢出的强烈的感情”，并不管如何零碎的这些经验是（华兹华斯的，我逛到孤独云或本孤独的割麦女或柯勒律治的基布尔汗），谎称工作的价值在提出这些独特的感受和态度，特别是的准确性。总之，新古典主义强调理性和形式，但浪漫主义高度重视个人的心灵。

2. What is your understanding of the Renaissance?
你理解的文艺复兴时期是什么？
This Renaissance marks a transition from the medieval to the modern world. Generally, it refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It first started from Italy and then spread all over Europe. The Renaissance, which means "rebirth" or "revival", is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, such as the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture, the new discoveries in geography and astrology, the religious reformation and the economic expansion. The Renaissance, therefore, in essence, is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.
这座文艺复兴时期的过渡标志着从中世纪到现代世界。一般来说，它是指期间14和中旬17世纪之间。它首先从意大利开始，然后传遍欧洲各地。文艺复兴时期，这意味着“重生”或“复兴”，实际上是由一系列历史事件，如古希腊和罗马文化的再发现刺激的运动，地理占星术，的宗教reformance和经济的新发现扩张。文艺复兴时期，因此，在本质上，是一个历史时期，欧洲的人文主义思想家和学者试图摆脱那些旧的封建主义思想在中世纪的欧洲，引入新的理念，表达了新兴资产阶级的利益，并收回早期教会的纯度从罗马天主教会的腐败。

3. Discuss the historical and socio-cultural background and the literary characteristics of American Romanticism.
讨论美国浪漫主义的历史和社会文化背景，以及它的文学特征。
Background:
1. American pioneers had pushed the frontier line of settlement beyond the Mississippi to the west, which has risen as a sectional power to challenge the political dominance of the East and the South.
2. Before 1860, the United States had begun to change into an industrial and urban society.
3. The rise of Nationalism
4. Historically, time of westward expansion;
5. Economically, industrial transformation
6. Politically, democracy and equality as the ideal of the new nation, and the two-party system came into being.
7. Literarily, an urge to have its own literary expression and to make known its new experience
1.美国拓荒者曾推动解决边境线跨越密西西比河的西部，具有挑战的东方政治优势、南部的一个部门的权力上升。
2。1860之前，美国已经发展成为一个工业和城市社会。
3，民族主义的崛起。
4。从历史上看，西进运动的时间；
5经济，产业转型。
6。在政治上，民主和平等的新的国家的理想，和两个政党制度应运而生。
7。文学上，要有自己的文学表达，并使其新的经验
Literary characteristics: Romanticism, Transcendentalism浪漫主义，超验主义文学的特点
The Romantic Period, one of the most important periods in the history of American literature. Romanticism have been seen as a key movement in the Counter-Enlightenment, a reaction against the Age of Enlightenment. Whereas the thinkers of the Enlightenment emphasized the primacy of deductive reason, Romanticism emphasized intuition, imagination, and feeling.
1) Strong sense optimism giving birth to the spectacular outburst of romantic feeling;
2) The impact of English Romanticism;
3) America’ sown philosophy Transcendentalism;
4) Moral enthusiasm, faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perception and a presumption that nature was a source of goodness
浪漫主义时期，一个在美国文学史上最重要的时期。浪漫主义被视为反启蒙运动的关键，对启蒙时代的反应。而启蒙运动的思想家强调演绎推理的绝对性，浪漫主义强调直觉，想象力，情感，
1）强烈的乐观主义诞生的浪漫感觉的壮观的爆发；
2）英国浪漫主义的影响；
3）美国播种哲学的超验主义；
4）的道德热情，在个人主义和直觉的价值信念和假设，自然是善的源

4. Give a summary about the England literature in the Renaissance period.
总结一下在文艺复兴时期的英国文学。
English literature in the Renaissance period is usually regarded as the highlight in the history of English literature. It was not until the reign of Henry VIII (from 1509 to 1547) that the Renaissance really began to show its effect in England. With Henry VIII’s encouragement, the Oxford reformers, scholars and humanists introduced classical literature to England. Education, based upon the classics and the Bible, was revitalized, and literature, already much read during the 15th century, became even more popular. Thus began the English Renaissance, which was England’s Golden Age, especially in literature. Among the literary giants were Shakespeare, Spenser, Jonson, Sidney, Marlowe, Bacon and Donne. Attitudes and feelings which had been characteristic of the 14th and 15th centuries persisted well down into the era of Humanism and Reformation. English literature developed with a great speed made a magnificent achievement.
在文艺复兴时期的英国文学通常被认为是英国文学史上的突出。直到亨利八世在位期间（1509～1547），英国文艺复兴时期真的开始显示其效果。亨利八世的鼓励下，牛津改革者，学者和人道主义者介绍到英国古典文学。教育，基于经典和圣经，复兴，文学，已经多读在第十五世纪，成为更受欢迎。因此，英国文艺复兴时期的开始，这是英格兰的黄金时期，特别是在文学。文学巨匠莎士比亚，斯宾塞，琼森，西德尼，马洛，培根和多恩。的态度和感情已在第十四和第十五世纪的特点一直延续到人文主义与宗教改革时代。英国文学的发展取得了辉煌成就一个伟大的速度。
In literary terms, the study of the classical poets led not only to their translation into English but the adaptation of their verse forms and systems of poetical metre, as well as the embracing of their themes and genres. An illustration of the linguistic explosion caused by the Renaissance is the addition of more than 10,000 new words to the language in a short space of time, main