2022河北省邢台市高考英语暑假阅读(4)及答案.docx

阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
【2022·山东省试验中学一模】
Depression (抑郁症) is a serious problem today.Depression causes workers to be unproductive，causing companies and countries to lose billions of dollars.One expert says that depression is like cancer because it is “widespread，costly and deadly”．Depression hits one person in five around the world.
Although people have believed depression to be a problem among the rich and educated，studies show that depression is a problem among everyone.Over any six­month period，between five to seven percent of the world’s population will be suffering from a serious depression.Suicide rates among people suffering from the disease in its extreme，or clinical form were 80 percent higher than in the population at large，and sufferers were four times more likely to have heart attacks.People who suffer from depression often have problems sleeping，getting up on time，and doing work productively.
Depression，which researchers agree has its origin in the genes，brings loss of confidence and ability to concentrate—making it impossible for employees and managers to work efficiently.
Depression is made more serious in China by Chinese’s inability to face it.Many people believe that depressed people are either weak or lazy.Besides，there is no good treatment，with few specialists available.“Most patients in China just don’t get help，”a Chinese doctor says.“In my hospital，I have to see 30 or 40 patients in a morning，just have time to say ‘Hello，how do you feel？’”
In Western countries，people are not afraid to admit that they have depression，but most do not tell it to their boss，because they fear that they will be stricken_off_the_rolls.“In my experience，aging bosses are the most willing to admit they have it.Because they feel the most secure about themselves，” an American doctor says.
Hopefully，in the near future，people around the world will be able to admit that they have depression so that they can get the right treatment.
1．Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．It is widely believed that everyone may suffer from depression.
B．Depression brings great problems to its sufferers in their life and work.
C．Depression is a commonly­existing problem only in rich countries.
D．The poorer and the less educated a person is，the less he will suffer from depression.
2．Compared to normal people，the depressed people are likely to be________.
A．very unconfident and often absent­minded
B．easy to avoid being hit by heart attacks
C．working efficiently and productively
D．either weak or lazy
3．Depression becomes more serious in China because of________.
A．the understanding of the problem
B．the lack of treatment and doctors
C．their unwillingness to tell it to their boss
D．the doctors’ careless work
4．What can we infer from the passage?
A．People are suffering from depression because of the shortage of specialists.
B．The aging bosses around the world dare to say they are depressed.
C．More and more patients will turn to specialists for help.
D．Western people are braver than Chinese people.
5．What does the underlined words in the 5th paragraph mean?
A．Hired.　　　　　　　 B．Dismissed.
C．Promoted.　 D．Recommended.

语篇解读　本文是一篇科普类说明文。抑郁症已经成为威逼人们正常生活和工作的一个重要的疾病形式，人们应正确地面对抑郁症。
1．解析：　细节理解题。依据文章其次段最终一句“People who suffer from depression often have problems sleeping，getting up on time，and doing work productively.”可知，答案B符合文意。
答案：　B
2．解析：　细节理解题。依据文章第三段“...brings loss of confidence and ability to concentrate—making it impossible for...”可知，答案A符合文意。
答案：　A
3．解析：　细节理解题。依据文章第四段第一句和第三句“Besides，there is no good treatment，with few specialists available.”可知，抑郁症在中国更严峻一方面是由于人们不能正视这个事实，另一方面是由于缺少专家和较好的治疗。
答案：　B
4．解析：　推理推断题。依据文章最终一段“Hopefully，in the near future，people around the world will be able to admit that they have depression so that they can get the right treatment.”可推知，将会有越来越多的人向专家求助，故答案C正确。
答案：　C
5．解析：　词义猜想题。依据对文章第三段的整体理解可以推知，员工一旦把自己抑郁的状况告知老板，老板有可能会由于抑郁能使人没有自信或不能够集中工作而辞退员工。故stricken off the rolls与dismissed的意思最为接近。
答案：　B。

阅读理解。
Faced with a tough job market, fresh graduates are dreaming of running their own businesses instead．But a recent survey has showed that such ambitions lack the required support and remain just that—dreams．
The Shanghai Municipal Employment Promotion Center poll of 1,276 graduates in several universities and colleges in the city, released last Friday, showed 59．78 percent of respondents considered the possibility of setting up a company or at least a small store． "But they just stop at the 'thinking' stage," it stated．
Respondents put the top reasons for not going it alone down to a shortage of investment and a lack of business opportunity．They also listed lack of business experience and social networks, the need tor advanced study and objections from family members as factors that stood in their way．
More than 90 percent of the interviewees said they would rather take up a job after graduating and then consider starting their own business two or three years down the road．
Guo Bing, a senior student in Shanghai International Studies University majoring in English, decided he wanted to be his own boss last year．But he is looking for a job first． "If I fail to find a satisfying job, I would like to establish a company in exhibition services," Guo said．
The Shanghai native has some relatives working in a local printing plant．With their help, Guo hopes to produce exhibition brochures(小册子） at a relatively low price．He is also confident that his English language skills can help him do well in the industry．
"Social networking is an important factor leading to business success," Guo said． Guo said that the shortage of graduate jobs is the main reason driving more university students to set up a business right after their graduation．
Jiang said the university sets up a business guide learn made of government officials and professionals．They regularly give training courses to students who show an interest in having their own business．The parents of university graduates are more willing to help their children start up alone, the survey showed．"Once you win the support of your family, you have won half the battle," Guo added．
16．Which of the following can be the best title?
A．A Tough Job Market B．Graduates Dream of Being Boss
C．The Ambitious Fresh Graduates D, The Story ot Guo Bing
17．Which of the following does NOT stop fresh graduates realizing their dreams of being bosses?
A．The lack of business opportunity and investment．
B．The shortage of business experience.
C．Less skilled English language．
D．Their family members' objections．
18．In the view of Guo Bing, what 'is the key factor -that makes fresh graduates dream of being boss soon after graduation?
A．Their family don't support them． B．Their social networking is not good．
C．There are not enough graduate jobs． D．They want to achieve greater success．
19．All the following statements are true about Guo Bing EXCEPT _____．
A．He has started his own business with the help of his relatives．
B．English is his major in the university．
C．He is trying to find a job which can satisfies him．
D．He is a Shanghai native．
20．Who is this article mostly intended for?
A．The parents whose child goes to university soon.
B．Those who will graduate from university．
C．Those who want to be bosses．
D．The officials who work in the government．

【参考答案】16—20、BCCAB

阅读理解
Very old people do raise moral problems for almost everyone who comes in contact with them. Their values—this can’t be repeated too often—are not necessarily our values. Physical comfort, cleanness and order are not necessarily the most important things. The social services from time to time find themselves faced with a flat with decaying food covered by small worms, and an old person lying alone in bed, taking no notice of the worms. But is it interfering(干涉) with personal freedom to insist that they go to live with some of their relatives so that they might be taken better care of? Some social workers, the ones who clear up the worms, think we are in danger of carrying this concept of personal freedom to the point where serious risks are being taken with the health and safety of the old.
Indeed, the old can be easily hurt or harmed. The body is like a car, it needs more mechanical maintenance(机械修理，保养) as it gets older. You can carry this comparison right through to the provision of spare parts. But never forget that such operations are painful experiences, however good the results will be. And at what point should you stop to treat the old body? Is it morally right to try to push off death by seeking the development of drugs to excite the forgetful old mind and to activate the old body, knowing that it is designed to die? You can’t ask doctors or scientists to decide, because so long as they can see the technical opportunities, they will feel bound to give them a try, on the principle that while there’s life, there’s hope.
When you talk to the old people, however, you are forced to the conclusion that whether age is happy or unpleasant depends less on money or on health than it does on your ability to have fun.
5. What does the passage mainly tell us?
A. The values are different between the old and the young.
B. The moral problems raised by old people.
C. The personal freedom for the old.
D. Old people’s viewpoint on life.
6. We can know from the first paragraph that________.
A. Very old people would like to live alone to have more personal freedom.
B. Very old people are able to keep their room clean.
C. Very old people like to live with their children.
D. Social services have nothing to do with very old people.
7. According to the author, which of the following is right?
A. The older a person, the more care he needs.
B. Too much emphasis has been put on old people’s values.
C. The human body can’t be compared to a car.
D. It is easy to provide spare parts for old people.
8.The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to “________”.
A. their money or their health
B. the conclusion you come to
C. your talk to the old people
D. whether age is happy or unpleasant

5.B 主旨大意题。依据文章第 1 句 Very old people do raise moral problems for almost everyone who comes in contact with them 及全文内容可知，答案选 B。
6. A 推理推断题。依据文章第 1 段最终几句 Some social workers, the ones who clear up the worms, think we are in danger of carrying this concept of personal freedom to the point where serious risks are being taken with the health and safety of the old 可知，答案选 A。
7. A 推理推断题。依据文章第 2 段第 2 句 The body is like a car, it needs more mechanical maintenance as it gets older 可知，答案选 A。
8. D 词义猜想题。依据文章最终一句 you are forced to the conclusion that whether age is happy or unpleasant depends less on money or on health than it does on your ability to have fun 可知，答案选 D(from )。

短文改错
　　There are advantage for students to work while 1. _______
　　studying at school. One of them was that 2. _______
　　they can earn money. For the most part, 3. _______
　　students working to earn money for their own 4. _______
　　use. Earning their own money allow them 5. _______
　　to spend on anything as if they please. 6. _______
　　They would have to ask their parents for 7. _______
　　money or for permission to do things by 8. _______
　　the money. Some students may also to save 9. _______
　　up for our college or future use. 10. _______
　　答案及解析
　　1. advantage改为advantages。应使用可数名词的复数形式。
　　2. was改为is。时态和整篇文章的时态不全都。
　　3. 此行无错误。
　　4. working改为work。此句缺少谓语动词。
　　5. allow改为allows。主谓不全都， 动名词做主语谓语用单数。
　　6. 删除if。此处please作不及物动词， 意为“宠爱， 想要”， as引导定语从句， 修饰先行词anything。
　　7. would 后添加not。上下文规律有误。
　　8. by改为with。by表示“使用”时， 其后不能使用定冠词the， 故改为with。
　　9. 去掉to。may为情态动词， 其后应使用动词原形。
　　10. our改为their。代词的指代不全都， 指代第三人称复数形式的物主代词应为their。