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讲座二 时态 语态
一、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1.(2022·北京卷)—Hi,let's go skating.
—Sorry,I'm busy right now.I ________(fill)in an application form for a new job.
2.(2022·北京卷)—What time is it?
—I have no idea.But just a minute,I ________(check)it for you.
3.(2022·北京卷)I found the lecture hard to follow because it ________(start)when I arrived.
4.(2022·山东卷)Writing out all the invitations by hand was more timeconsuming than we________(expect).
5.(2022·山东卷)They made up their mind that they________(buy)a new house once Larry changed jobs.
6.(2022·陕西卷)During his stay in Xi'an,Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends ________(recommend).
7.(2022·湖南卷)Since the time humankind started gardening,we ________(try)to make our environment more beautiful.
8.(2022·湖南卷)Whenever you ________(buy)a present,you should think about it from the receiver's point of view.
9.(2022·四川卷)She ________(phone)someone,so I nodded to her and went away.
10.(2022·全国大纲卷)Unless some extra money________(find),the theatre will close.
11.(2022·天津卷)We won't start the work until all the preparations________(make).
12.(2022·安徽卷)The twins,who________(finish)their homework,were allowed to play badminton on the playground.
13.(2022·重庆卷)You'd better write down her phone number before you ________(forget)it.
14.(2022·重庆卷)James has just arrived,but I didn't know he ________(come)until yesterday.
15.(2022·福建卷)—Haven't seen you for ages!Where have you been?
—I went to Ningxia and________(stay)there for one year,teaching as a volunteer.
16.(2022·江西卷)—Tony,why are your eyes red?
—I ________(cut)up peppers for the last five minutes.
17.(2022·浙江卷)Sofia looked around at all the faces:she had the impression that she________(see)most of the guests before.
18.If we________(not act)now to protect the environment,we'll live to regret it.
19.—Oh no!We're too late.The train________(leave).
—That's OK.We'll catch the next train to London.
20.Shakespeare's play Hamlet________(make)into at least ten different films over the past years.
答案:1.am filling 解析:句意:——嗨!让我们去滑冰吧。——很愧疚,我现在很忙。我正在填申请新工作的表。此处表示正在进行的动作,故用现在进行时。
2.will check 解析:句意:——现在几点了?——我不知道。但是稍等一会儿,我确认一下。此处表示说话之后将要发出的动作,故用一般将来时。
3.had started 解析:句意:我觉得我听不懂这个讲座,由于我来的时候它已经开头了。依据语境可知,start动作发生在arrived之前,是“过去的过去”,故用过去完成时态。
4.had expected 解析:句意:手写出全部的这些请帖比我们原先预料的更费时。依据前面的was可以看出,此处表示过去的动作,且expect发生在“过去的过去”,故用过去完成时。
5.would buy 解析:句意:他们打算一旦拉里换了工作,他们就买一所新居子。依据句意可知buy这个动作应在made up their mind之后,故应用过去将来时。
6.had recommended 解析:定语从句中的谓语动作“推举”发生在主句谓语动作“品尝”之前,也就是“过去的过去”,故用过去完成时。
7.have been trying 解析:句意:自从人类开头园艺劳动以来,我们始终在设法使我们的环境变得更加秀丽。依据时间状语since the time humankind started gardening可知,主句的谓语动词使用现在完成进行时,表示动作从过去持续到现在并且还将连续进行下去。
8.buy 解析:句意:无论何时你买礼物,都应当从接受者的角度来考虑它。依据句意可知,此处指通常的状况,所以用一般现在时。
9.was phoning 解析:句意:她当时正在给别人打电话,因此我朝她点了一下头就走开了。依据句意可知,此处表示“当时她正在打电话”,所以用过去进行时。
10.is found 解析:句意:除非我们能再弄到些钱,否则剧院将关闭。主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来,money和find之间为被动关系,故用被动语态。
11.is made/have been made 解析:句意:直到全部的预备工作都做好了我们才开头工作。主句中用将来时,until从句中用一般现在时或现在完成时。
12.had finished 解析:句意:已经完成了作业的这对双胞胎被允许在操场上打羽毛球。“完成作业”发生在“被允许打羽毛球”(were allowed to play badminton)之前,表示“过去的过去”,故用过去完成时。
13.forget 解析:句意:你趁着还没忘,最好把她的电话号码登记来。此处是before引导的时间状语从句,用一般现在时表将来。
14.was coming 解析:句意:詹姆斯刚到,但我直到昨天才知道他将要来。依据语境可知,此处用过去进行时表示过去将来的动作。
15.stayed 解析:句意:——很长时间没有见你了!你去哪了?——我去宁夏待了一年,作为一个志愿者在那里教学。依据went to可知动作发生在过去,而非过去的过去。
16.have been cutting 解析:句意:——托尼,你的眼睛怎么是红的?——最近五分钟我始终在切辣椒。依据for the last five minutes及语境可知用现在完成进行时。
17.had seen 解析:句意:索菲娅环顾四周看了一下全部的面孔,她有这样的印象:她以前见过绝大多数客人。“她以前已经见过绝大多数客人”是在“有这样的印象”之前,即“过去的过去”,所以用过去完成时。
18.don't act 解析:句意:假如现在我们不实行行动爱护环境的话,总有一天我们会懊悔的。主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来。
19.has left 解析:句意:——哦!不!我们太晚了。火车早开走了。——没什么。我们会赶上下一列通往伦敦的火车。依据语境不难看出,火车离开发生在两人对话之前,又依据too late可知,火车早已离站,对现在造成的影响是“没赶上”,故用现在完成时。
20.has been made 解析:句意:在过去的这些年里,莎士比亚的戏剧《哈姆雷特》至少被拍成了十部不同的电影。依据时间状语over the past years可知,此处应用现在完成时,且play与make之间为被动关系,故用现在完成时的被动语态形式。
二、依据汉语意思完成句子
1.(2021·成都部分高中高三教学质量检测)Robert promised me that he______________me a hand when I was in trouble but he failed me.
Robert许诺我当我有困难的时候他会帮我,但他失信于我。
2.(2021·温州第一次联考)Fortunately,the little girl______________the earthquake,but unluckily,the other family members were killed.
幸运的是,小女孩在地震中幸存了下来,但是不幸的,其余的家人都遇难了。
3.(2021·福建三明质检)The first decade of the 21st century__________the breathtaking,nonstop development of China.
21世纪的第一个十年见证了中国惊人的、持续的进展。
4.(2021·石家庄模拟)Somebody has to take responsibility for the problems the company____________________in the past few months.
必需有人对公司近几个月以来所遇到的问题负责。
5.(2021·浙江六校联考)—Hey,Gary,did Linda see you come in?
—I don't think so.She______________her lessons then.
——嗨,Gary,刚才Linda观察你进来了吗?
——我认为没有。她当时正在复习功课。
6.(2021·陕西咸阳高三模拟)She was working as a teacher when I saw her several years ago,but I______________any news about her ever since.
几年前我见到她时,她正在当老师,但是自那之后,我就没有她的消息了。
7.(2021·江西八校联考)—Glad to see you again.Haven't you graduated from Massachusetts Institute of Technology?
—Yes.I ________ Engineering for four years there.
——很兴奋再次见到你。你是毕业于麻省理工学院吗?
——是的,我过去曾在麻省理工学院学过四年的工程学。
8.(2021·重庆部分学校高三联考)The boy________hot on the forehead,so he must be sent to hospital at once.
这个男孩的额头摸起来发热,所以必需被马上送往医院。
9.(2021·河南三地高三二调)—How long______________like this?
—Three weeks!It's usual in here that rain______________without stopping these days every year.
——像这样下雨有多长时间了?
——三周啦!每年的这些天这儿通常都会接连不断地下大雨。
10.(2021·安徽皖北协作区高三联考)The two nurses____________________100,000 yuan by the police but they donated it to victims of the explosion.
警察奖了两名护士10万元,但她们把钱捐给了爆炸事故的受害者。
11.(2021·绍兴模考)The finalterm examinations are coming and each boy and each girl______________forward to the coming holiday.
快期末考试了,每个男生和女生都期望着即将到来的假期。
12.(2021·湖南名校联考)Since my grandparents are coming for the weekend,I__________________on a sofa.
既然我的祖父母要来度周末,那么我得睡在沙发上了。
13.(2021·东北三校高三一模)The castle caught fire three times in the last century,and little of the original structure ________.
上个世纪,那座城堡起了三次大火,原始的结构所剩无几了。
14.(2021·河北一般高考模拟)—Hi,Jack!When did you arrive in Berlin?
—Last weekend.I__________________________a different culture since then.
——杰克,你什么时候到达柏林的?
——上周。自从上周我体验到了不同的文化韵味。
15.(2021·南京三模)—What is the purpose of this experiment?
—To figure out whether this material ________ easily under high pressure.
——这个试验的目的是什么?
——为了搞清楚这种材料在高压下是否简洁破。
答案:1.would give 2.survived 3.witnessed 4.has been experienced 5.was reviewing 6.haven't got 7.learned 8.feels 9.has it been raining;pours down 10.had been rewarded 11.is looking 12.will be sleeping 13.remains 14.have been experiencing 15.breaks
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