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阅读理解。
You’ve seen news reports about people who need help after a flood. Maybe you’ve walked past people who are sleeping on the streets. Or perhaps you’ve watched TV programs about how lonely older people can get. So what can you do about any of those things? The answer: You can volunteer (做志愿者).
Volunteering is a great way to learn new skills — from working as part of a team to setting and reaching goals. It gives you a chance to find out what kinds of things you’re good at and enjoy the most. Volunteering can provide you with a sense of responsibility because people really depend on you. And it can help you understand disabled (残疾的) people, sick kids, or the elderly.
Volunteering helps people feel they do have the power to change things for the better. When people depend on you, it can change the way you look at yourself, and this is the main reason that makes volunteering attractive. You can feel proud of the goals that you’ve achieved (实现) for a charity organization (慈善组织) — whether it’s helping to organize a 10K to raise money for lung cancer or running the race itself.
Sometimes it’s easy to feel worried about your grades or the fight you had with your friend or parents. And although these things are very important in their own way, sometimes it can be helpful to get some distance and think about other things. Volunteering allows you to do this. It lets you focus on others that are worth doing.
Finally, volunteering can help save you from being bored — it gives you a place to be where you can have a good time and keep busy.
1. From the passage, we can learn that volunteering ____.
A. is the best way to find out your interests
B. mainly helps the old and the poor people
C. makes sure volunteers will get a good job in the future
D. can help volunteers choose a job that they really like in the future
2. Today, most people volunteer mainly for the purpose of ______.
A. making themselves famous and popular
B. knowing their value by helping others
C. increasing their knowledge and learning skills
D. helping people out of trouble
3. What do the underlined words “a 10K” (Paragraph 3) probably refer to?
A. A charity organization. B. A volunteer group.
C. A 10-kilometer race. D. A political activity.
4. The purpose of the passage is to ________.
A. talk about the difficulties of volunteering
B. talk about how to make life meaningful
C. tell readers how to volunteer
D. talk about the advantages of volunteering
【参考答案】1---4、DBCD
完型填空。阅读下面短文，把握其大意，然后从以下题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。[夹叙夹议型完形填空]
For a long time I saw happiness as a huge banner (旗帜)across the finish line of a long race. I felt that only when I __1__ certain things could I finally be happy in my life. Most of the time I felt like a tortoise believing that being slow and __2__ would win the race. At other times I would __3__ like a rabbit trying different side roads at a dangerous speed hoping to reach that banner a little faster. __4__， I began to see that no matter how long I raced towards it, the banner was never any __5__.I finally decided one day to sit down and take a break. It was then that I saw my __6__ sitting beside me.
It had been with me as I __7__ hard to support my family, as I played with my children and heard their __8__ and even when I was sick with my wife at my side looking after me. It had been with me as I raced towards that stupid banner. I just didn't have the __9__ to see it. There is an old Chinese proverb that says, “Tension is what you think you should be. __10__ is who you are.” Perhaps we all should stop our race towards the __11__ life we think we should have and __12__ the life we have now. Happiness will never be found under some banner far away. It will be found in your own heart, soul and mind. It will be found when you __13__ that others love you just as you do. Don't be a tortoise or a rabbit when it comes to your happiness. Be a playful puppy and carry your stick of __14__ with you everywhere you go. __15__ yourself out of the race and realize that when it comes to love and happiness, you are already there.
1. A．forgot B．missed
C．overcame D．accomplished
2. A．safe B．steady
C．calm D．quiet
3. A．act B．run
C．jump D．walk
4. A．Generally B．Gradually
C．Unfortunately D．Firstly
5. A．clearer B．lower
C．closer D．smaller
6. A．happiness B．goal
C．success D．friendship
7. A．studied B．fought
C．exercised D．worked
8. A．laughter B．complaints
C．stories D．breathing
9. A．courage B．chance
C．wisdom D．strength
10．A.Stress B．Relaxation
C．Failure D．Pain
11. A．real B．perfect
C．common D．colourful
12. A．enjoy B．change
C．improve D．create
13. A．realize B．believe
C．hope D．admit
14. A．sorrow B．responsibility
C．fortune D．joy
15. A．Carry B．Make
C．Push D．Take
A
【要点综述】 本文是夹叙夹议文。作者通过自身的经受诠释了这样一个道理：我们经常认为只有取得了某些成就，过上抱负中完善的生活才会幸福，其实幸福就存在于我们不经意间平凡而琐碎的生活中，它早就已经根植在你我身边。
1．D 由finish line of a long race可知作者认为人取得阶段性的成功才能真正感觉到幸福，故选D。
2．B 依据同学已知的龟兔赛跑的故事背景可知。作者期望像乌龟那样，靠沉稳赢得最终的竞赛。所以应当选择slow的同义词，故选B。
3．A 依据下文提到“…like a rabbit trying different side roads…”可知，作者在其他时候，表现得像兔子一样，总情愿抄近路到达终点，故选A。
4．B 由下文“I began to see that…”可知，作者开头渐渐意识到……，故选B。
5．C 依据下文“I finally decided one day to…take a break.”可知，那个目标从来没有离作者更近一些，故选C。
6．A 依据下文“Happiness will never be found under some banner far away.”可知，作者停下来休息时才发觉，幸福就在身边，故选A。
7．D 依据下文hard to support my family可知，当作者努力工作养家的时候，幸福在他身边，故选D。
8．A 依据上文“…I played with my children…”可知作者与孩子们一起玩，感到幸福，听到的确定是欢快的笑声，故选A。
9．C 依据上文“…as I raced towards that stupid banner.”中的stupid 可推知，幸福始终在作者身边，只是作者没有才智去发觉这一点，故选C。
10．B 依据上文“Tension is what you think you should be.”可推知，此处应选与tension意思相对的relaxation, 故选B。
11．B 依据上下文的语意，可知作者以前总是追求自以为值得自己全力以赴去争取的某种完善的生活，所以此处应当是略带贬义的一种说法。故选B。
12．A 依据上文可知，我们应当停止追寻自以为完善的生活，所以，我们应当享受现在我们所拥有的生活。故选A。
13．A 依据上文作者得到启示：“当你意识到别人爱你，你也爱着别人时，幸福就来临了。”所以推出答案为A。
14．D 依据上文“Be a playful puppy…”可知，让我们做一只欢快的、爱玩耍的小狗，处处衔着你那根欢快的骨头，故选D。
15．D 依据文中多处提到的race可知，我们应当把自己从那个竞赛中解脱出来，故选D。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2021·江苏，B)
We've considered several ways of paying to cut in line: hiring line standers, buying tickets from scalpers (票贩子), or purchasing line cutting privileges directly from, say, an airline or an amusement park. Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue (waiting your turn) with the morals of the market (paying a price for faster service)．
Markets and queues—paying and waiting—are two different ways of allocating things，and each is appropriate to different activities. The morals of the queue, “First come，first served，” have an egalitarian (公正主义的) appeal. They tell us to ignore privilege, power, and deep pockets.
The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops. But the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions. If I put my house up for sale, I have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along, simply because it's the first. Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities, properly governed by different standards.
Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply. Think of the recorded message you hear, played over and over, as you wait on hold when calling your bank：“Your call will be answered in the order in which it was received.” This is essential for the morals of the queue. It's as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness.
But don't take the recorded message too seriously. Today, some people's calls and answered faster than others. Call center technology enables companies to “score” incoming calls and to give faster service to those that come from rich places. You might call this telephonic queue jumping.
Of course, markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things. Some goods we distribute by merit, others by need, still others by chance. However, the tendency of markets to replace queues, and other non market ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore. It is striking that most of the paid queue jumping schemes we've considered—at airports and amusement parks, in call centers, doctors' offices, and national parks—are recent developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago. The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern, but these are not the only places that markets have entered.
文章大意：此篇文章由排队买票还是插队引入话题，谈论了支配东西的一些原则。市场在支配过程中起着它不同寻常的作用。
5．According to the author, which of the following seems governed by the principle “First come, first served”？
A．Taking buses.
B．Buying houses.
C．Flying with an airline.
D．Visiting amusement parks.
答案：A 细节理解题。由第三段第一句话可知乘坐公共汽车遵循先到先服务的原则。
6．The example of the recorded message in Paragraph 4 and 5 illustrates ________.
A．the necessity of patience in queuing
B．the advantage of modern technology
C．the uncertainty of allocation principle
D．the fairness of telephonic services
答案：C 推理推断题。文章的第四段第一句话中“it is unclear which principle should apply.”表明白支配原则的不确定。而第四段和第五段分别表明白这一主题。
7．The passage is meant to ________.
A．justify paying for faster services
B．discuss the morals of allocating things
C．analyze the reason for standing in line
D．criticize the behavior of queue jumping
答案：B 主旨大意题。通读全文可知这篇文章旨在争辩支配事物中的标准和原则。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
Arnold followed Eugie down the slope, stealing, as his brother did, from one stock of wheat to another. Eugie paused before climbing through the wire fence that divided the wheatfield from the marshy pasture(牧场) around the lake. They were screened from the ducks by the trees along the lake’s edge.
“If you hit your duck, you want me to go in after it ?” Eugie said.
“If you want.” Arnold said.
Eugie lowered his eyelids, “You’d drown before you got it, the legs of yours are so weak.” He said contemptuously(轻视地)。
He shoveled the tub under the fence and, pressing down the centre wire, climbed through into the pasture.
Arnold pressed down the bottom wire, thrust a leg through and leaned forward to bring the other leg after. His rifle caught on the wire and he pulled at it. The air was rocked by the sound of the shot. Feeling foolish, he lifted his face, baring it to an expected shower of dersision(嘲弄)from his brother. But Eugie did not turn around.Instead, from his crouching position, he fell into his knees and then pitched forward onto his face. The ducks rose up crying from the lake, cleared the mountain background and beat away northward across the pale sky.
Amold squatted beside his brother. Eugie seemed to be climbing the earth, as if the earth ran up and down, and when he found he couldn’t scale it he lay still.
“Eugie?”
Then Arnold saw it, under the rolling hair at the back of the neck –- a solw rising of bright blood. It han an unpleasant movement, like that of a parasite(寄生虫)。
“Hey, Eugie,” he said again. He was feeling the same discomfort he had felt when he had watched Eugie sleeping; his brother didn’t known that he was lying face down in the pasture.
Again he said, “Hey, Eugie,” an anxious push in his voice. But Eugie was as still as the morning about them.
1. What does the underlined word “screened” in para 1 probably mean?
A. Separated B. Stopped C. Dragged D. Hidden
答案解析：答案为D。本题为词义推断题。结合前四段可知，Eugie 和Arnold想去偷鸭子，可以推断，为了不被人发觉，他们躲在隐蔽的地方，D选项“隐蔽”最符合文意。 A选项意为 “分别”，B选项意为 “阻挡”，C选项意为“拖、拉”，均不符合文意。
2. From Para 2 to Para 4,we know that .
A. Eugie always laughed at Arnold.
B. Eugie would help Arnold hit the ducks.
C. Arnold begged Eugie to go in after the ducks.
D. Eugie was worried that Arnold might drown
答案解析：答案为A。本题为推理题。从Eugie的动作和语言 “Eugie lowered his eyelids, ‘You’d drown before you got it, the legs of yours are so weak.’He said contemptuously.” 可知，Eugie认为Arnold无法偷到鸭子，他可能会淹死，由于他的腿有问题。Eugie的语气轻视傲岸，故可推断，Eugie总是赞扬Arnold。故答案为A。
3. Why did Eugie lie still?
A. Arnold shot him intentionally.
B. Arnold killed him accidengtally.
C. He pretended to be unconscious.
D. He was ready to shoot some ducks.
答案解析：答案为B。本题为细节推理题。结合第六段 “...His rifle caught on the wire and he pulled at it. The air was rocked by the sound of the shot. Feeling foolish, he lifted his face...” 可知，Arnold的枪缠到了电线上，在他预备去拉枪的时候，空气被枪击的声音震惊了，他觉得他真是笨； 又及第七段 “...Eugie seemed to be climbing the earth, as if the earth ran up and down, and when he found he couldn’t scale it he lay still.”可推知，Eugie的动作是中弹后的动作，他感到大地在摇摆，原来是Arnold 无意中开枪击中了Eugie，他已经死去，静静地躺着。故答案为B。
4. It can be inferred from the passage that .
A. the relationship between Arnold and Eugie was not so good.
B. Arnold followed Eugie approaching the lake to steal ducks.
C. they were crouching forward to steal the wheat.
D. Eugie was always taking care of Arnold.
答案解析：答案为A。本题为推理题。结合第四段 “Eugie lowered his eyelids, ‘You’d drown before you got it, the legs of yours are so weak.’ He said contemptuously” 和后文的第六段 “Feeling foolish, he lifted his face, baring it to an expected shower of dersision from his brother.” 可知，Eugie 总是赞扬 Arnold. 他们的关系应当不好。故A选项正确。
由第一段第一句话 “Arnold followed Eugie down the slope...”可知，B选项是文章提到的细节，无需推理。由其次段Eugie说. “If you hit your duck, you want me to go in after it ?” 可推断，他们去偷鸭子，不是麦子。由前面的分析知，Eugie 总是赞扬 Arnold，不会照看Arnold。综合上述分析，B、C、D均不选。
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