专八模拟题电子教案.doc

专八模拟题精品文档专八模拟题（翻译部分） Test 1 这段材料为介绍性文字，共7句，句式简单，没有难以理解的句子。翻译的难点在于个别词汇的选择和翻译，比如“禅宗思想”、“日本茶道”、“音译”等，以及对句子的分析和整合，比如第一句“茶，这一美妙的饮品原产地在中国”，不能一味地直译，应做相应调整。此外，对数字的翻译也是重点。茶，这一美妙的饮品原产地在中国。四千多年前，中国人就开始有饮茶的习惯了。唐代时，日本的僧人从中国引入茶种，与同时引入的禅宗思想相结合，形成了闻名世界的日本茶道。17世纪时，荷兰人将中国人饮茶的习惯带到欧洲，进而形成了欧洲人喝茶的传统。尤其在英国，下午茶的习俗由此而生。在19世纪之前，世界各地饮用的茶叶都来自中国，英文中茶叶译为tea，就是根据中文的音译（福建读音）。茶，是中国人对世界的重要贡献。茶，这一美妙的饮品beverage /原产地在中国(被动语态)。四千多年前，中国人就开始有饮茶的习惯了（过去完成时）。唐代时，日本的僧人monks从中国引入茶种，与同时引入的禅宗思想Zen Buddhism相结合，形成了闻名世界的日本茶道Japanese tea ceremony。17世纪时，荷兰人将中国人饮茶的习惯带到欧洲，进而形成了欧洲人喝茶的传统。尤其在英国，下午茶的习俗由此而生。在19世纪之前Prior to，世界各地饮用的茶叶都来自中国，英文中茶叶译为tea，就是根据中文的音译（福建读音）was derived from the pronunciation。茶，是中国人对世界的重要贡献。（下午茶主要分为lowtea和hightea两种，这两种下午茶分类是狭义和广义下午茶的另一种表述。有闲的贵族或上层社会一般食用lowtea，lowtea一般指午饭后、离午饭时间不远的下午茶，茶点一般是三明治、小煎饼；而劳工阶层多食用hightea。hightea一般指晚饭前的茶点，多以肉食为主。）Tea, a wonderful beverage, is originally produced in China. Since more than 4,000 years ago, Chinese people had had the habit of drinking tea. During the Tang Dynasty, Japanese monks introduced tea seeds into Japan from China and combined the tea with Zen Buddhism, creating the world famous Japanese tea ceremony. In the 17th century, the Dutch brought the Chinese habit of tea-drinking to Europe, and then formed a tradition of the Europeans, especially in Britain, where the custom of drinking high tea developed. Prior to the 19th century, all the tea of the world was from China, and even the English word “tea” was derived from the pronunciation of “tea” in Fujian dialect. Tea is an important contribution of the Chinese people to the world.Test 2这段材料选自读者。整段为描述性文字，偏向于文学类翻译，原文很容易理解，也没有较难的词汇。本文的翻译难点在于既要准确表达原文信息，又要忠实原文的文体风格。考生在翻译时应注意句子的衔接和连贯，尽量忠实于原文的句式和文体风格，对于较难翻译的句子，可采用意译。翻译过程中要仔细研读原文，确定是否有隐藏的逻辑关系和语气。在这个富裕的时代，商业的富裕提供了物质上的满足，我们很容易得到想要的东西，一双鞋子、一件衣服，甚至一个人，拿钱就可以买到了。可是中间有一样东西，在容易购买、容易贩卖的过程中，遗失掉了。小时候，我会为了一个同班同学忘掉的笔记本，翻山越岭渡河送到他家。这件事直到现在依然留存在我的记忆里。“难”绝对是生命中幸福的开始，“容易”绝不是该庆幸的事。在这个富裕的时代era，商业的富裕the booming economy提供了物质上的满足，我们很容易得到想要的东西，一双鞋子、一件衣服，甚至一个人，拿钱就可以买到了。可是中间有一样东西，在容易购买、容易贩卖simple transaction的过程中，遗失掉了。小时候，我会为了only for sending一个同班同学忘掉的笔记本，翻山越岭渡河made through rivers送到他家。这件事直到现在依然留存在我的记忆里。“难”绝对是生命中幸福的开始，“容易”绝不是该庆幸rejoicing的事。注意时态的变化 In the era of wealth, the booming economy provides us with the satisfaction on materials, in which we can easily get what we want, and be able to buy everything with money, such as a pair of shoes, a piece of clothing, and even a person. However, there is one thing that is lost in the process of simple transaction. When I was a child, I would climb up hills and made through rivers to a classmates home only for sending his notebook that he left behind. This memory has been still alive in my mind until now. The “difficulty” is absolutely the origin of happiness in the life, while “simplicity” is not a matter for rejoicing. Test 3 这段材料选自；李大钊撰写的艰难的国运与雄健的国民。整段为描述性文字，文学性较强，虽然句子结构并不复杂，但原文中一些形容词较难翻译。整段共有6句，句式多样，长句较多。这段材料的翻译难点在于对原文中大量具有中国特色的四字词语，如“崎岖险路”、“奇趣横生”、“奇绝状绝”，以及长句衔接处理。考生在翻译时应尽量忠实于原文的句式结构。此外，为了提高翻译质量，在确保正确的前提下可以适当调整原句语序，使译文更贴近英文表达习惯。人类在历史上的生活正如旅行一样。旅途上的征人所经过的地方，有时是坦荡平原，有时是崎岖险路。老于旅途的人，走到平坦的地方，固是高高兴兴地向前走，走到崎岖的境界，愈是奇趣横生，觉得在此奇绝壮绝的境界，愈能感到一种冒险的美趣。中华民族现在所逢的史路，是一段崎岖险阻的道路。在这一段道路上，实在亦有一种奇绝壮绝的景致，使我们经过这段道路的人，感到一种壮美的趣味。但这种壮美的趣味，没有雄健的精神是不能够感觉到的。人类在历史上的生活正如旅行一样。旅途上的征人所经过passes through的地方（省略不译），有时now是坦荡平原，有时now是崎岖险路a rugged, hazardous road。老于旅途的人a determined traveler，走到平坦的地方，固是高高兴兴地向前走，走到崎岖的境界，愈是奇趣横生fascinating，觉得在此奇绝壮绝的境界spectacle，愈能感到generate一种冒险的美趣sensation。中华民族现在所逢的史路，是一段崎岖险阻的道路。在这一段道路上，实在亦有一种奇绝壮绝的景致，使我们经过这段道路的人，感到一种壮美的趣味sensation。但这种壮美的趣味，没有雄健的精神是不能够can only be shared by感觉到的。 The historical course of humans life is just like a journey. A traveler on a long journey passes through now a broad, level plain, now a rugged, hazardous road. While a determined traveler cheerfully continues his journey upon reaching a safe and smooth place, he finds it still more fascinating to come to a rugged place, the enormously magnificent spectacle of which, he feels, is better able to generate in him a wonderful sensation of adventure. The Chinese nation is now confronted with a rugged and dangerous section of its historical course. Nevertheless, there is also in this section a spectacle of enormous magnificence that inspires in us passers-by a delightful sensation of splendor. And this delightful sensation, however, can only be shared by those with a heroic spirit. Test 4 这段材料选自亦云撰写的运动员的情操。整段为描述性文字，文学性较强。翻译难点在于对词语的恰当选择，如“挑战”译为defy,表示“公然反抗”； “淘汰”并非其字面意思，而是指“被超越”等。此外，还应注意中英文差异；中文往往将结论置于句尾，英语则先说结论。考生在翻译时应尽量忠实于原文，尤其是原文的文体风格。另外，对于较难翻译的句子可采用意译法。参与并取胜,这就是奥林匹克精神.它表现于弱者敢于向强者挑战,也表现于强者力争取得更好的成绩.胜而又胜,优而更优,这种理想一直鼓舞着运动员奋力前进.他会尽其所能,永不松懈,永不罢休.有人说竞技者终究会是失败者,即使是最佳运动员也终将被更强者淘汰.成千上万个失败者中才涌现一个胜利者,这个胜利者最终仍将被取代,挤出光荣榜这就是竞技运动的规律.然而运动员却从不为这种不可避免的失败结局所沮丧,仍然力争最佳发挥.参与并取胜,这就是奥林匹克精神.它表现于弱者敢于向强者挑战,也表现于强者力争取得更好的成绩.胜而又胜,优而更优,这种理想一直鼓舞着运动员奋力前进.他会尽其所能,永不松懈,永不罢休.有人说竞技者终究会是失败者,即使是最佳运动员也终将被更强者淘汰.成千上万个失败者中才涌现一个胜利者,这个胜利者最终仍将被取代,挤出光荣榜这就是竞技运动的规律.然而运动员却从不为这种不可避免的失败结局所沮丧,仍然力争最佳发挥.To participate and to winthat is the Olympic spirit. It finds expression in the weak daring to defy the strong, and the strong striving for ever better performance. Ever better- the ideal always lures a sportsman forward. He will do everything he can for it, never relax, never give up. It is said that none of the competitors can avoid being defeated - even the best is bound to be surpassed by someone still stronger. This is the rule of sports - thousands of losers to set off one victor who in turn will eventually be replaced by someone on the honor list. However, undaunted by the inevitable failure, he is always striving to do the best he can. Test 5这段材料选自邓拓撰写的生命的三分之一。整段为描述性文字，句中标点符号很多，是散文的典型特征。本段材料的翻译难点在于对句式的调整，应注意中文的评论性语言通常位于句尾，而英文通常将评论性语言置于句首，因此翻译时不能完全照搬原句，此外，原文中出现很多意思重复的词语或短语，翻译时可省略不译。当然，个别地方也要适当增译，从而使句子意思更加完整。翻译时应尽量忠实于原文，尤其是散文的文体风格。一个人的生命究竟有多大意义,这有什么标准可以衡量吗?提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难;但是,大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真,看他对待劳动、工作等的态度如何,也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。古来一切有成就的人,都很严肃地对待自己的生命,当他活着一天,总要尽量多劳动、多工作、多学习,不肯虚度年华,不让时间白白地浪费掉。我国历代的劳动人民以及大政治家、大思想家等都莫不如此。一个人的生命究竟有多大意义,这有什么标准可以衡量measurement吗?提出advance一个绝对的标准当然很困难;但是, (2)大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真,看他对待劳动、工作等的态度如何,(1)也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。古来一切有成就的人,都很严肃地对待自己的生命,当As long as他活着一天,总要尽量would rather devote themselves to多劳动、多工作、多学习,不肯than虚度年华,不让时间白白地浪费掉。我国历代的劳动人民以及大政治家、大思想家等都莫不如此the same is true of。What is the significance of life? Is there any criterion for its measurement? Difficult as it is to advance an absolute one, it will not be so to judge the very meaning of ones existence generally from whether he is serious about life and what his attitudes are towards work and life. Throughout the ages, all people of accomplishment take their lives seriously. As long as they are alive, they would rather devote themselves to more work and study than let a single minute slip by in vain. And the same is true of the common laborers as well as the great statesmen and thinkers in our country.Test 6此材料选自现代著名作家林清玄的散文常想一二。作者在文中谈及对一句中国俗语内涵的深刻体悟，并探讨人生哲理 对待苦难应该秉持达观积极的态度。虽然文章语言平实，结构简单，但要准确表达原文的哲理和韵味并不容易。如文中引用的俗语“人生不如意事十之八九”、“常想一二”，寥寥数语，却道出深刻的人生哲理，但如果译者按字面意思翻译，译文读来一定会生硬、费解。翻译时一定要体会作者希望传达的哲理，灵活意译。我从小喜欢阅读大人物的传记和回忆录，慢慢归纳出一个公式：凡是大人物都是受苦受难的，他们的生命几乎就是“人生不如意事十常八九”的真实证言，但他们在面对苦难时也能保持正向的思考，能“常想一二”，最后他们超越苦难，苦难便化成对生命中最肥沃的养料。使我深受感动的不是他们的苦难，因为苦难到处都有，使我感动的是：他们面对苦难的坚持、乐观与勇气。原来如意或不如意，并不是决定于人生的际遇，而是取决于思想的瞬间。 我从小喜欢阅读大人物great souls的传记和回忆录，慢慢归纳出一个公式come to see a rule：凡是大人物都是受苦受难gone through adversities的，他们的生命几乎就是can serve as “人生不如意事十常八九”的真实证言，但他们在面对苦难时也能保持正向的思考maintain a positive way of thinking，能“常想一二” dwell on “the remaining one or two tenths”，最后他们超越苦难，苦难便化成对生命中最肥沃的养料。使我深受感动的不是他们的苦难，因为苦难到处都有，使我感动的是：他们面对苦难的坚持、乐观与勇气。What deeply . me is not ., for sufferings are .; it is their perseverance, . in the face of . that I find most touching原来如意或不如意，并不是决定于人生的际遇，而是取决于思想的瞬间。 It turns out that whether one is . or not is not determined by but by when he decides how to take them. I have been keen on reading biographies or memoirs of great souls since childhood and have gradually come to see a rule: all the great people have gone through adversities; their lives can serve as true testaments to the saying that unhappiness accounts for eight or nine tenths of a mans life. Yet in face of pains and miseries, they can always maintain a positive way of thinking, or in other words, they manage to dwell on “the remaining one or two tenths” until they finally transcend their sufferings and turn them into the richest nutrients for life. What deeply touches and inspires me is not their sufferings, for sufferings are common and omnipresent; it is their perseverance, optimism and courage in the face of sufferings that I find most touching. It turns out that whether one is happy or not is not determined by his experiences but by the flashing moments when he decides how to take them. Test 7 此材料选自 “当代散文八大家”之一冰心的散文文学家的造就。本篇最初发表于192O年12月燕大季刊第l卷第4期，署名：谢婉莹。文章抒发了对文学家由衷的赞美。作者即兴抒写，至情流露。文章遣词造句流利畅达，大量运用排比辞格，抑扬顿挫、层层递进。本文句式较简单，用词也不复杂，翻译时主要注意体现出原文的语体色彩，并注意在选词时着重选取意境优美的文学性强的词汇。文学家在人群里，好比朗耀的星辰，明丽的花草，神幻的图画，微妙的音乐。这空洞洞的世界，要他们来点缀，要他们来描写。这干燥的空气，要他们来调和。这机械的生活，要他们来慰藉。他们是人群的需要！假如人群中不产生出若干的文学家，我们可以断定我们的生活，是没有趣味的。我们的感情，是不能融合的。我们的前途，是得不着光明的。然而人群中的确已产生出若干的文学家，零零落落的点缀在古今中外的历史上，看：人类对于他们，是怎样的惊慕，赞美，崇拜！文学家在人群里stands out in，好比朗耀的星辰，明丽的花草，神幻的图画，微妙的音乐。这空洞洞的世界，要他们来点缀，要他们来描写。这干燥的insipid空气，要他们来调和inspiration。这机械的生活，要他们来慰藉。他们是人群的需要！假如人群中不产生出若干的文学家If few litterateurs didnt turn up，我们可以断定我们的生活，是没有趣味的。我们的感情，是不能融合的reconciled。我们的前途，是得不着光明的would be void and light。然而人群中的确已产生出若干的文学家，零零落落的点缀have starred and sparkled在古今中外的历史上，看：人类对于他们，是怎样的惊慕，赞美，崇拜！Look, with what degree of admiration. Praise and worship has human treated them!Literature stands out in the crowd, like shining stars, blossoming flowers, magical pictures, and subtle music. This hollow world needs them to decorate and to depict. The insipid atmosphere needs their inspiration. The mechanical life needs their consolation. They are what people need! If few litterateurs didnt turn up among the crowd, we can figure out that our life would be boring, our feelings could not be reconciled, and our future would be void and light. However, a number of litterateurs did emerge from the mass population, who have starred and sparkled at all times and in all countries. Look, with what degree of admiration. Praise and worship has human treated them!Test 8 背景知识： 此材料选自当代作家王蒙的散文嫉妒。作者认为，善良与爱心是健康人格的重要表现，而人要保持基本的善良，就要克制嫉妒，因为它是万恶之源。文章语言充满激情与哲理。全文注重语言与旋律，具有强烈的节奏感。一些句子较长，翻译时注意拆分整合、灵活使用英语句型。词汇量也较大，比如，大局、驱散、冠冕堂皇、滔滔不绝、气急败坏等，翻译时注意选择对应的英语词汇。另外，译文还需要注意保留散文的节奏感与气势。忌妒是一种微妙的情感,强烈而又隐蔽,自己对自己也不愿意承认,却又时不时地表现出来。忌妒很伤人，很降低人，使自己变蠢变得可笑、可悲、可厌。一个人越是掩饰自己的忌妒，就越容易被别人觉察出来。忌妒是弱者的激情，因为他除了忌妒还是忌妒，做不出什么能使自己感到自豪，使自己的心理变得平衡的事。强者以理智以道德以大局为重的心胸把握自己、克服自己，以竞争心进取心改造和取代忌妒心，用光明的奋斗驱散忌妒的阴影。弱者以冠冕堂皇、滔滔不绝、气急败坏的说词掩盖自己的报复心、恶毒心、败坏心。诽谤和中伤是他们的生活方式，渐渐的他们活着的目的不是为了自己要做什么，而是为了不让别人做事。不是为了自己要做出成绩，而是为了不叫别人做出成绩。忌妒是弱者的激情，因为他除了忌妒还是忌妒would be consumed by，做不出什么能使自己感到自豪，使自己的心理变得平衡render himself psychologically balanced的事。强者以理智以道德以大局为重values peoples overall interest above personal sentiments的心胸把握自己、克服自己，/He would以竞争心进取心改造和取代忌妒心，用光明的奋斗驱散dispel忌妒的阴影。弱者以冠冕堂皇、滔滔不绝、气急败坏的说词impressive, incessant or furious remarks掩盖自己的报复心、恶毒心maliciousness、败坏心。诽谤和中伤To defame and hurt others是他们的生活方式，渐渐的他们活着的目的不是为了自己要做什么，而是为了不让别人做事。不是为了自己要做出成绩，而是为了不叫别人做出成绩。Jealousy is the passion of the weak, for a jealous person would be consumed by jealousy, and totally incapable of doing anything that can make himself proud or render himself psychologically balanced. A strong person would command and restrain himself with sense, ethics and a mind that values peoples overall interest above personal sentiments; he would transform jealousy and substitute it with competitiveness and enterprise, and dispel the shadow of jealousy through honest endeavors. The weak would try to conceal their revenge, maliciousness and intent to ruin others with impressive, incessant or furious remarks. To defame and hurt others is their way of life. Gradually, their purpose of living would be reduced by jealousy into a persistent eagerness to stop others from doing what they want and prevent others from making achievements, for they would no longer care about what they ought to do or whether they can accomplish anything. Test 9 此段材料选自现代作家毕淑敏的散文友谊。作者饱含真情地谈论了其对友谊深刻、独到、精辟而全面的认识。本文用语精炼新颖，运用了很多通俗的比喻，极大地增强了语言的感染力和美感。本文中的许多处表达都极为精炼，虽容易“意会”，但如若按字面直译，恐难用英语“言传”，甚至会犯语病，翻译时要适当增词与解释，以使意思清楚、文法正确。友谊需要滋养。有的人用钱，有的人用汗，还有的人用血。友谊是很贪婪的，绝不会满足于餐风饮露。友谊是最简朴同时也是最奢侈的营养，需要用时间去灌溉。友谊必须述说，友谊必须倾听，友谊必须交谈的时刻双目凝视，友谊必须倾听的时分全神贯注。友谊有的时候是那样脆弱，一句不经意的言辞，就会使大厦顷刻倒塌。友谊有的时候是那样容易变质，一个未经证实的传言，就会让整盆牛奶变酸。这个世界日新月异。在什么都是越现代越好的年代里，唯有友谊，人们保持着古老的准则。朋友就像文物，越老越珍贵。Friendship needs nourishment. Some people nourish it with money, some with sweat, and others with blood. Friendship is very greedy and it will never be satisfied with feeding on wind and drinking dew. Friendship is the most simple yet most extravagant nutrition; it needs time to foster. To gain and sustain friendship one must confide and listen; in a conversation, one must maintain eye contact, and one must be attentive when listening. Sometimes friendship is so fragile that a casual remark may ruin it just as an untended crack might lead to the sudden topping of a magnificent building in a storm. Sometimes friendship is so perishable that an unproven rumor may deteriorate it just as a tiny portion of bacteria can sour a whole basin of milk. The world is changing fast. In an era when being more modern is always deemed better, only for friendship have people kept old norms. Friends are like antiques and relics - the older, the more valuable. Test 10 背景知识：繁星这篇文章选自巴老的海行杂记 繁星写于1927年作者赴法留学途中。1927年1月15日早晨，巴金同几位有志青年乘邮船从上海出发，2月20日到达巴黎，在海上历时37天。巴金对祖国充满了深沉的爱，为国家民族的不幸遭遇而担忧。在漫长的旅途中，巴金常常清晨起身凭栏观看日出。在浩瀚无垠的大海上，光芒四射的红日喷薄而出，这自然界的伟大奇观深深地打动了他的心，使他看到了光明和希望。他把旅行见闻整理成海行杂记39篇。作品中三次写繁星，由于主观条件（年龄 阅历 心情）和客观条件（时间 地点 氛围）的不同，表现出的意境和感受就不同。 作者使客观景物染上自己的感情，又回转来化成了有情物，物与我融而为一，让人们从鉴物之情中，了解到散文抒情主人公“我”之情。) 如今在海上，每晚和繁星相对，我把它们认得很熟了。我躺在舱面上，仰望天空。深蓝色的天空里悬挂着无数半明半昧的星。船在动，星也在动，它们是这样低，真是摇摇欲坠呢！渐渐地，我的眼睛模糊了，我好像看见无数萤火虫在我的周围飞舞。海上的夜是柔和的，是寂静的，是梦幻的。我望着那许多认识的星，仿佛看见它们在对我眨眼，仿佛听见，它们在小声说话。这时，我忘记了一切。在星的怀抱中我微笑着，我沉睡着。我觉得自己是一个小孩子，现在睡在母亲的怀里了。Now on the sea, facing the spray of stars every night, I have already known them very well. I would lie down on the deck, looking up into the sky. Hanging in the dark blue sky are countless dim-light stars. The boat is in motion, so are the stars. They are hanging so low that I feel as if they might fall anytime!Gradually my vision gets blurry, and I sometimes think countless fireflies are dancing around me. The night on the sea is gentle, serene and dreamy. I gaze at the numerous familiar stars, and it seems that they are blinking eyes at me and softly whispering to me. At such a moment, I w