英语翻译转换法省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

转换法转换法 conversiono因为英汉两种语言在语法和表示方式等方面存在着许多差异，所以英译汉时经常有必要改变表示方式，使译文通顺流畅、地道可读。这种变通技巧就是转换法(shift of perspective)o转换形式各种多样，大致可分为6种：词类转换，句子成份转换，表示方式转换，语序转换；正面表示与反面表示转换，主动式与被动式转换。第1页一、词类转换概念：将源语中属于一个词类词语翻译成为目口号中属于另一类词类词语翻译方法。o转译为动词o转译为名词o转译为形容词o其它词类转译第2页（一）（一）英语名词、介词、形容词或副词英语名词、介词、形容词或副词转换为汉语动词转换为汉语动词 1.An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs.读一点世界史，对学习时事是有帮助.2.A view of Mt.Fuji can be obtained from here.从这里能够看到富士山。3.Up the street they went,past stores,across a broad square,and then into a huge building.他们沿着大街走去，经过许多商店，穿过一个大广场，然后进入了一座大厦.4.They were suspicious and resentful of him.他们不信任他，讨厌他。5.As he ran out,he forgot to have his shoes on.他跑出去，忘了穿鞋子。第3页名词转译为动词（基本方法）o英语中有些以后缀-er,-or结尾名词，在句中并非指其身份和职业，而是含有较强动作意味，需要翻译为动词。I am afraid I cant teach you swimming.I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.o我恐怕教不了你游泳，我想我小弟弟比我教好。n.v.第4页（二）英语动词、形容词转换为汉语名词参考译文：1.The inflammation is characterized by red,swelling,fever,and pain.炎症特点是红、肿、热、痛。v.n.2.The visiting guests were escorted to the Yellow Crane Tower last Sunday.上星期天，来访客人和陪同人员一起参观了黄鹤楼。v.n.第5页三）.英语名词转换为汉语形容词参考译文：.I deeply believe in the correctness of my decision.我深信我决定是正确。n.adj.The garden party is a great success.那个花园聚会真是成功极了/圆满极了。n.adj.第6页四).其它词类转译参考译文：1.We took brief,restless naps.我们短短地，不安地睡了几次.adj.adv.2.This film impressed me deeply.这部电影给了我深刻印象adv.adj.3.He is physically weak but mentally sound.他身体虽弱，但思想健康。adv.n.第7页Reference:1.He is no smoker,but his father is a chain-smoker.他倒是不抽烟，但他父亲却一支又一支不停地抽。n.v.2.John was eloquent and elegantbut soft.约翰有口才，有风度，但很软弱。adj.n.3.I am totally a stranger in this city.我对这个城市完全陌生。n.adj.4.I have the honor to inform you that我很荣幸地通知你n.adv.第8页二、二、句子成份转换句子成份转换 转换句子成份是使译文符合译语表示习惯一个伎俩，因为英汉两种语言句子转换有差异：英语中名词用频繁，经常出现主系表结构；而汉语中动词、副词用得多，造成主+谓+宾成为基本句型。e.g The paper is the introduction of translation skills.本文介绍了各种翻译技巧。第9页一、转换为汉语主语1.状语译为主语There are different elements in nature自然界有各种不一样元素。There be 句型还能够译为无主语，应视详细情况灵活处理。若原文句中状语在逻辑意义上说明主语时，亦可译为主语，原来主语则译为定语。e.g He was wounded in the leg.他腿部受伤。第10页2.宾语译为主语1.A car battery has a voltage of 6 or 12 volts.汽车电瓶电压为6伏或12伏。2.The earth has the shape of a spheroid.地球形状是椭圆形。第11页3.表语译为主语1.Our main task now is to develop the students ability to carry on independent work.培养学生独立工作能力是我们现在主要任务。2.Matter is anything that occupies space.凡占有空间都是物质。第12页4.介词宾语译为主语1.He is strong of will.他意志很坚强。2.With the introduction of the new method,the products decreased in cost.引进了新方法，产品成本降低了。第13页二、转换为汉语谓语1.主语译为谓语 The statement of the Commercial Invoice and the Combined Invoice is as follows.商业发票和联合票可表述以下。第14页2.定语译为谓语1.Each time he was the first man to arrive and the last to leave.每次他总是第一个来，最终一个走。2.Its limited thickness and youthful age are other discoveries.它厚度有限，年代短，这是另外两个发觉。第15页3.表语译为谓语1.He was afraid he had made a mistake.他担心他犯了一个错误。2.We are sure that they will succeed.我们坚信他们会胜利。3.This explanation is against the natural laws.这种解释违反自然规律。第16页4.宾语译为谓语 Physical changs do not result in formation of new substances,nor do they involve a change in composition.物理改变不生成新物质，也不改变物质成份。第17页三、转换为汉语宾语1.被动语态句子中若无by引出逻辑主语，句中主语可译为汉语宾语。e.g Coal can be dug out everywhere in that place.在那个地方处处能够挖到煤。第18页2.若被动语态句子中有by引导逻辑主语，则可译为主动式主谓宾结构。a.He was seen by his classmates.他同学看到过他。b.The steam engine was invented by Watt.瓦特创造了蒸汽机。第19页3.定语转译为宾语 一些由疑问词where,whether,how等引出定语可转换为汉语宾语。e.g Have you any idea as to where he has gone?你知道他去哪儿了？第20页四、转换为汉语定语1.表语译为定语 The grass smelt fresh and sweet.草地发出清新香味。2.主语译为定语 We are all of the same opinion.我们看法是一致。第21页3.状语译为定语若地点状语位于句首，常译为主语定语。Here in China,things are complicated and are decided by many factors.中国事情是复杂，是由各方面原因决定第22页三、表示方式转换 o英汉两种语言在表示方式上往往因角度不一样而异。要克服这些差异，翻译时也就常有必要把一个表示方式转换为另一个表示方式，使译文符合汉语表示习惯。第23页o（一）英语中有一些计量词，如score,dozen,decade,quarter等，在汉语中没有对应表示方式，所以在汉译时得对其加以转换。比如：o(1)Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation.o 译：87年前，我们先辈在这个大陆上创建了一个新国家。o(2)Two decades ago,I was still a little girl.o 译：前，我还只是个小姑娘。o(3)It is six of one and half a dozen of the other.这不过是半斤八两。第24页（二）因为英汉两种语言在表述角度上不尽相同，翻译时经常有必要转换角度，才能使意思明白清楚、表示自然。比如：(1)She has been a widow only for six months.译1：她丈夫死了至今才不过六个月。译2：她只当了6个月寡妇。(2)Is there a special rate by the month?Yes,there is a 10%discount.按月计算有什么优惠吗？有，能够打9折。第25页四、语序转换o句子自然语序是主语在前，谓语在后。倒装语序主要是指主谓倒装。o英语中使用倒装语序，主要是为了加强语气、突出重点、平衡句子结构等；而汉语中使用倒装语序相对较少。o所以英译汉时，经常得将倒装语序转换为自然语序 第26页四、语序转换o倒装语序转换为自然语序(1)Away ran the boy.男孩跑开了。(2)Slowly climbs the summer moon.夏天月亮慢慢地爬上来了。第27页五）正面表示与反面表示转换o什么是正面表示？什么是反面表示？o因为思维方式不一样，英语中有些从正面表示东西在汉语中习惯从反面来表示；而有些从反面来表示东西在汉语中则习惯从正面来表示。所以，英译汉时经常有必要进行转换。这就是通常所说“正说反译、反说正译”法。第28页（一）英语正面表示转换为汉语反面表示 1.frost-free refrigerator 无霜冰箱 2.Freeze!别动！第29页参考译文参考译文1.Wet paint!油漆未干！2.He is mortally ill.他患上不治之症 3.We believe that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust.我们相信，年轻一代将不会辜负我们信任.4.Sadly,Mary died before she could see his grandson.遗憾是，玛丽未能看见她孙子就逝世了.第30页（二）英语反面表示转换为汉语正面表示1.You cant be too careful.你要尤其小心。2.He carelessly glanced through the note and got away.他马马虎虎地看了看那张便条就走了。3.Such deeds couldnt long escape notice.这种行为迟早会被人发觉。第31页六.主动式与被动式转换Outline1.英语被动语态使用方法英语被动语态使用方法 2.被动语态译法被动语态译法 3.主动式与被动式转换主动式与被动式转换第32页1.英语被动语态使用方法英语被动语态使用方法英语中被动语态使用比汉语较为普遍。英语句子在以下情况下普通使用被动语态：oA无须或者无法说明主动者是谁无须或者无法说明主动者是谁oB谈话中心是承受者而不是主动者谈话中心是承受者而不是主动者oC出于礼貌，不愿说明谁是主动者出于礼貌，不愿说明谁是主动者oD为了使句子易于安排为了使句子易于安排例句:第33页1.This book has been translated into several foreign languages.该书已经译成了好几个外国语言。2.The machines here are all made in China.这儿全部机器都是中国制造。3.Im flattered.你过奖了。4.Unfortunately,their plans failed and were mercilessly criticized by their opponents.不幸是，他们计划失败了，而且遭到了反对者们批评。第34页2.被动语态译法被动语态译法Outline1.英语被动句英语被动句译为汉语译为汉语主动主动句技巧句技巧;2.英语被动句英语被动句译为汉语译为汉语被动被动句技巧句技巧第35页英语被动句英语被动句译为汉语主动句技巧译为汉语主动句技巧1.原文中主语在译文中仍作主语原文中主语在译文中仍作主语;2.原文中主语在译文中作宾语原文中主语在译文中作宾语;3.译成带表语主动句译成带表语主动句;4.惯用固定句型翻译惯用固定句型翻译.第36页英语被动句译为汉语主动句技巧英语被动句译为汉语主动句技巧1.原文中原文中主语主语在译文中仍在译文中仍作主语作主语;如:oThis project should be finished as soon as possible.这项工程应该尽早完成。oThis must be made clear to everybody.这一点必须向大家讲明白。第37页英语被动句译为汉语主动句技巧英语被动句译为汉语主动句技巧2.原文中原文中主语主语在译文中作在译文中作宾语宾语如如:This issue is not much talked about in China.在中国（人们）极少谈论这个问题。800 people have been saved by the organization.这个组织已拯救了八百人。第38页英语被动句译为汉语主动句技巧英语被动句译为汉语主动句技巧3.译成译成带表语带表语主动句主动句如：如：The decision to attack was not taken lightly.进攻决定进攻决定不是不是轻易作出。轻易作出。The boy was found at the corner of the 8th road.这个男孩这个男孩是是在第八大道街角找到。在第八大道街角找到。第39页英语被动句译为汉语主动句技巧英语被动句译为汉语主动句技巧4.惯用固定句型翻译惯用固定句型翻译oIt is reported that 据报道据报道 oIt is supposed that 据推测据推测 oIt is hoped that 希望希望 oIt must be pointed out that 必须指出必须指出 oIt must be admitted that 必须认可必须认可 oIt is believed that 有些人相信有些人相信 oIt will be said that 有些人会说有些人会说 oIt was told that 有些人曾说有些人曾说 oIt is generally considered that 大家认为大家认为第40页参考译文：1.With the outbreak of the war,flights were stepped up.伴随战争暴发，飞行日益增加。2.This liquid became mixed with the salt at room temperature.该液体在室温下和盐混合了。分析分析：原文中主语在译文中仍作主语：原文中主语在译文中仍作主语第41页英语被动句译为汉语被动句技巧：英语被动句译为汉语被动句技巧：汉语也有用被动语态表示情况。这时，通常汉语也有用被动语态表示情况。这时，通常都是都是着重被动动作着重被动动作，有些说出了动作主动，有些说出了动作主动者，有些则不说出。英语被动句译成汉语被者，有些则不说出。英语被动句译成汉语被动句时往往借助于以下各种表示方式：动句时往往借助于以下各种表示方式：1.“被被”2.“给给”3.“遭遭/受受”4.“为为.所所”5.“把把”，“由由”等等第42页o比如：1.My spectacles were taken away from me.我眼镜被/给给人拿走了。2.They were given a heartedly welcome.他们受受到热烈欢迎。第43页参考译文：1.Both the father and the son were thrown into prison.父子倆都被投进了监狱。2.Wherever she went,the princess was welcomed with great enthusiasm.不论走到哪儿，公主都受到非常热烈欢迎。3.The children were taken care of by their grandparents when we were away.当我们不在时，孩子们由他们祖父母照看。4.Everybody in the room was shocked by his thundering voice.他那雷鸣般嗓音把房间里全部人惊呆了。第44页3.主动式与被动式转换主动式与被动式转换 被动转换为主动 1.Dont worry;you will be brought to meet the boss in a few minutes.别担心，马上会有些人带你去见老板。2.In a moment he will turn and see us,and his face will be lighted by a smile so radiant youll feel warm all the way through.过一会儿他会转过身来看着我们，那时他脸上会泛出灿烂微笑，让你全身都感到温暖。第45页 主动转换为被动 有时,英语中主动句在汉译时可用汉语中被动句来表示，但这一现象似不多见。(1)His acceptance into the Party is a quite natural thing.他被吸收到党内是完全应该。(2)Appalled by what he had done,Bob rushed to the parapet and flung himself on the rocks below,where the sea claimed him immediately.鲍勃对他所做一切感到震惊，他冲到护墙处，纵身跳到下面岩石上，马上被大海所吞没。第46页