英文合同常用词汇.doc

英文协议常用词汇第一节协议常用词(Usual Wording)(1)当大量接触英文协议，就会发现英文协议中有些词或短语出现的频率非常高，往往影响或决定了对协议的准确理解，下面就分门别类从常见实词和常见虚词两个方面进行具体介绍：一、英文协议常用虚词（Usual Function Words）1 Here/there/where+介词构成的古体词基本规则：Here 代表 this，there 代表 that，where 代表 which 或 what 即 here/there/where+介词=介词+this/that/which or whatHereby: by means of; by reason of this.特此，由此，兹等意。例句：The Buyer hereby orders from the Seller the undermentioned goods subject to the followingconditions:买方向卖方订购下列商品，条件如下：Herein：in this。此中，于此。例句：The minimum royalty herein specified shall be paid by Party B to Party A.在此规定的最低特许权使用费应由乙方付给甲方。Hereinafter: later in the same Contract. 以下，在下文。通常与 to be referred to as, referred as, called连用。例 句 ： This Agreement is made and concluded on _, (date)_(year), by and between_(hereinafter called Party A) on the one hand and _(hereinafter called Party B) on the other hand.本协议书于_年_月_日由_（以下简称甲方）为一方，与_(以下简称乙方)为另一方签订。Hereof：of this。关于此点，在本文献中。Hereunder：under this.本文献规定。例句：Both parties agree to attempt to resolve all disputes between the parties with respect to the application or interpretation of any term hereof of transaction hereunder, through amicable negotiation.合同双方就本协议规定交易任一条款的合用和解释所产生的所有争议批准力求通过和谐协商予以解决。Hereto：to this.本文献的。Thereof：of that.它的，其。Thereto：to that与之，向那里。例句：“Licensed Products” means the devices and products described in Schedule 1 annexed hereto together with all improvement and modification thereof or development with respect thereto. “特许产品”系指在本协议附件 1 中所述的装置和产品，及其所有改善和修改的产品和与之相关的产品。Herewith：with this.与此，附此。Thereby：by that means.因此，由此，从而例句：In any one or more of the provisions contained in this Contract or any document executed in connection herewith shall be invalid of unenforceable in any respect under any applicable law, the validityand enforceability of the remaining provisions contained herein shall not in any way be affected thereby. 假如根据现行法律，本协议及与此有关文献中有一项或多项条款被视为无效或不能履行，本协议其余条款的效力和履行将不因此受影响。Thereafter: after that，afterwards.此后例句：The Contract for the contractual joint venture shall continue from a period of two years thereafter.本合作经营公司协议，此后应连续有效两年。Therein: in that; in that particular context; in that respect.在那里；在那点上；在那方面。例句：The Leased Premises are deemed to be fit for occupation when the building therein is substantiallycompleted.当在那里的建筑物实质完毕时，该租赁房屋才认为适合占有居住。Therewith：with that.以此；此外。例句：The Employer shall indemnify and save harmless the Contractor against and from the same andagainst and from all claims, proceedings, damages, costs, charges and expenses whatsoever arising thereout or in connection therewith.业主应补偿所有索赔、诉讼、损害补偿、支出、花费、费用，不管因本协议产生或与其相关，并保证承包人免于承担上述责任。Whereby: by the agreement, by the following terms and conditions, etc.凭此协议，凭此条款等。例句：This Agreement is made and concluded by and between AA Corporation (hereinafter referred to asParty A) and BB Company (hereinafter referred to as Party B) whereby the Parties hereto agree to enterinto the compensation trade under the terms and conditions set forth below: 本协议由 AA 公司（以下简称甲方）和 BB 公司（以下简称乙方）签订。双方批准按下列条款进行补偿贸易。（本句中省略未译）2 WITNESSETH, Whereas, Now Therefore, NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS, Know All Men by these presents，In witness Whereof, In Testimony Whereof, Undersigned.24WITHNESSETH, Whereas, Now Therefore 用于英文协议前言部分，In witness Whereof 用于协议结尾证明部分，在第二章篇章结构特点中已有涉及，恕不赘述。In Testimony Whereof: in Witness Whereof.以此为证，特立此证。例句：In Testimony Whereof we have hereto signed this Document on _ (date) accepted on _(date).我方于_年_月_日签署本文献，并于_年_月_日接受该文献，特此为证。NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS: 兹特立约为据,本句话也是用于 WHEREAS 条款之后引出具体协议事项。例句： NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS that it is hereby agreed between the parties hereto as follows:兹特立约为据，并由订约双方协议如下：KNOW ALL MEN by these presents:根据本文献，特此宣布。（通常用于前言部分）例句：KNOW ALL MEN by these presents that we_(banks name)having our registered office at _ (hereinafter called “the Bank”) will be bound unto _(the Owners name)(hereinafter called “the Owner”) in the sum of _ for payment well and truly to be made to the said Owner, the Bank willbind itself, its successors and better assignee by these presents.根据本文献，兹宣布，我行，（银行名称），其注册地点在（以下简称本银行）向（业主名称）（以下简称本业主）立约担保支付（金额数）的保证金。本保证书对本银行及其继受人和受让人均具有约束力。Undersigned:法律文献末尾的署名者,前面加定冠词 the,是指文献签署者的自称。例句：The undersigned Seller and Buyer have agreed to close the following transaction in accordance with the terms and conditions stipulated as follows: 兹经签约的买卖双方批准，按下列条款，达成这笔交易。3 Notwithstanding: in spite of, despite.即使，尽管。例 1：Notwithstanding any other provisions to the contrary herein, insurance coverage and limits shall be subject to approval of all the parties.即使有与本协议相悖的规定，保险范围和责任限制应以协议各方批准为准。例 2： Notwithstanding Article 2.2, the parties may agree to extend the Expiration date to such date as isreasonable in the circumstances if any of the conditions precedent referred to in Article 2.1 is not satisfied or waived on or before the Expiration Date, any such agreement or waiver to be in writing. 尽管有本协议第二条第二款规定，假如上述第二条第一款规定的先决条件在协议期满日之前既未实现又未放弃，协议各方亦可根据具体情况，约定合理延长协议的期满日。4 As协议英语中 as 出现的频率极高，并且用法灵活多变，是典型的自由人。在某种意义上讲，as 使用的纯熟限度可以衡量协议英语的造诣。具体用法和含义见以下实例：As放在代表规定的 provide，stipulate，set forth，prescribe 等词的过去分词前，含义为“依照某某25规定”。例 1：For purpose of this, Capital Account shall be adjusted hypothetically as provided for in Section 4.6 herein.基于此，应依照本协议第四条第六款调整资金账户。例 2：based on their respective Venture interests as set forth in Section 5.2 hereof. 基于本协议第五条第二款规定的各方在合资公司中的权益。另有 Except as otherwise provided 结构，表达“除非本文/某条款另有规定”。例句：Except as otherwise provided herein, all notices or demands sent by registered airmail shall bedeemed received 8 days after they have been sent and notices or demands sent by telex shall be deemedreceived at the time of the dispatch thereof.除非本协议另有规定，所有告知和请求以航空挂号信寄出则发出后 8 日应视为送达收悉，以电传方式发出则在发送时视为收悉。As 构成 as the case may be（视具体情况而定）， as the case may require（视具体规定而定）和 as the Venturers may determine 等短语。例句：The Venture may relocate its office from time to time or have additional offices as the Venturers maydetermine.该合资公司视投资者决策，可随时迁址或增添营业场合。As 构成 as of the date of _ (date)短语是英语协议中表达“自某年某月某日起”最正式的表达。例句：In witness whereof, the parties have caused this instrument to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written.协议双方签订本文献，该文献自以上书就日期即时生效，特此为证。As 还用在 as soon as practical 短语中，意义用法相称于 as soon as possible.例句：During the Employment Period, the Company agrees that it shall recommend to the Board theelection of the Employee as a Director of the Company on the Commencement Date or as soon as practical thereafter.本公司批准在聘用期间，应自本协议开始或其后尽早的时间向董事会推选受聘方为本公司董事。As 与 such 连用是英文协议中一大特色，参看本书第二章第三节部分，在此不在赘述。5. foregoing, aforesaid, the said, aforementioned, above-mentioned, in questionForegoing, aforesaid, the said, aforementioned, above-mentioned 一族，一般放在名词前作限定，意为“前述的”或“上述的”，为避免反复已经提到的姓名或名称。例 1：The Bank shall give prompt written or telex notice to the Borrower of the Interest Rate in effect from time to time in accordance with the foregoing sentence.本银行将根据前述的句子以书面或电传形式随时及时告知借款方生效的利率。例 2：The contract shall be written in Chinese and in _. Both language versions are equallyauthentic. In the event of any discrepancy between the two aforementioned versions, the Chinese version 26 shall prevail.本协议应以中文和_文书就，具同等法律效力。前述两种文本如有歧异，以中文文本为准。In question: under consideration; being talk about. 通常表达“在考虑或讨论中的”某件事或某个问题，可译为“这”或“该”问题。例句：All prices to be paid by the Buyer under its obligations of the buyback/counter-purchase Contract shall be the world market prices taking into account the other delivery terms for the goods in question.买方根据返销或回购货品协议的义务所支付的价格应为世界市场价格，结合考虑该货品的其他交货条件。6. follows, as below, the following这一族都表达“下列”，一般放在动词后，而 the following 作为“下列”在英文协议中用的较少。这样的例子俯手皆是，恐怕每个英文协议都少不了的。NOW THEREFORE, the parties hereby covenant and agree as follows;为此，双方达成契约，约定如下：NOW THEREFORE, it is hereby agreed as below. 为此，双方约定如下：Now therefore, in consideration of the premises and covenants described hereinafter, Party A and Party Bagree as follows:兹以上述各点和契约所载条款为约因，订约双方协议如下：7. according to, under, subject to, in accordance with, as per, as provided in, pursuant to, in compliance with这一族都表达“依照，根据”协议的约定或者法律的规定。其中尤以“according to”最不正式，自然用的最少了，而“in accordance with”最为常见。例如：In case no settlement can be reached, the case may then be submitted for arbitration to China International Economic And Trade Arbitration Commission in accordance with the provisional Rules ofProcedures promulgated by the said Arbitration Commission.如未能达成和解，该案件可提交中国国际贸易仲裁委员会根据该仲裁委员会颁布的仲裁程序暂行规定进行仲裁。又如：A Photostat copy of the Acceptance Certificate of the Contract Plant signed by the representatives ofboth parties as per Chapter 9 of the present Contract.该协议设备的验收证书的影印副本由双方代表按照该协议第九章签收。再如：Both Parties shall each contribute their paid in capital in compliance with the items specified in the appendix to the Contract.协议双方应按照本协议附件中载明的项目进行出资。8. Including but not limited to 与 including, without limitation 以及 including by way of illustration 27 but not limitation英文协议表达“涉及但不限于”时，就会用到这几个短语。例如：The time for the performance of the Sellers obligations set forth in this Contract shall be automatically extended for a period equal to the duration of any nonperformance arising directly orindirectly from Force Majeure events including but not limited to fire, flood, earthquake, typhoon, naturalcatastrophe, and all other contingencies and circumstances whatsoever beyond the Sellers reasonable control preventing, hindering or interfering with the performance thereof.本协议规定卖方履行义务的时间应自动延长等同于由于直接或间接由于不可抗力事件导致的不能履行的期间。不可抗力事件涉及但不限于火灾、洪水、地震、台风、自然灾害和卖方无论如何也无法合理控制的阻止、妨碍、干扰本协议履行的其他风险和情形。9. prior to, no later than, on or before，on and after常用在英文协议中限定日期，prior to 表达“某日之前，提前多少日”。on or before, no(not) later than,表达“不迟于”，On and after 表达“从某日起”。例如：Party A shall be unauthorized to accept any order sort to collect any account on and after September20.自 9 月 2O 日起，甲方已无权接受任何定单或收据。例如：Our terms are cash within three months, i.e. on or before May 1. 我公司的条件是，3 个月内，即不得晚于 5 月 1 日，支付钞票。例如： Party B shall ship the goods within one month of the date of signing this Contract, i.e. not later than December.本协议签字之日一个月内，即不迟于 12 月 15 日，你方须将货品装船。例如：10-15 days prior to the date of shipment, the Buyer shall inform the Seller by cable or telex of thecontract number, name of vessel, ETA of vessel, quantity to be loaded and the name of shipping agent, soas to enable the Seller to contact the shipping agent direct and arrange the shipment of the goods.装运前10 天到 15 天，买方应以电报或电传方式告知卖方协议编号、装运船名，预计到达时间，装载数量和承运代理商名称，以便能使卖方直接联系承运代理商安排货品装运。此外，为限定期间更为明确，还常用 inclusive、including 和 included，来限定含当天在内的时间。例如： This credit expires till January 1 (inclusive) for negotiation in Beijing. (or:This credit expires till and including January 1 for negotiation in Beijing.)本证在北京议付，有效期至 1 月 1 日。假如不涉及1 月 1 日在内，则为 till and not including January 1。10 Without prejudice toWithout prejudice to,常用于英文协议中，表达在“不损害某规定/情况下”。例如：The Buyer shall nevertheless have the right to cancel in part or in whole of the contract withoutprejudice to the Buyers right to claim compensations. 不妨害买方索赔权，买方仍有权取消协议的部分28 或所有。11Attributable to, due to, owing to, by virtue of, in view of, because of, on account of，considering,in consideration of这一组短语出现在英文协议中都表达“由于”，其中 due to，owing to，because of 较不正式，很少使用。例如：Should the Buyer be unable to arrange insurance in time owing to the Sellers failure to give theabove-mentioned advice of shipment by cable or telex, the Seller shall be held responsible for any and alldamages and/or losses attributable to such failure.假如由于卖方未能以电报或电传形式发出上述装运告知，买方不能及时安排保险，则卖方应对此产生的损失和或损害补偿承担责任。例如：Licensee hereby agrees that its every use of such name shall inure to the benefit of Licensor and that Licensee shall not at any time acquire any rights in such name by virtue of any use it may make of such name.被许可方特此批准该名称的使用应有助于许可方利益且不得在任何时候因运用该名称而取得该名称项下任何权利。例如：Buyer shall have the right to inspect the goods on arrival and, within _ business days after delivery, buyer must give notice to seller of any claim for damages on account ofcondition, quality or grade of the goods, and buyer must specify the basis of the claim of buyer in detail.买方应有权在货品运抵及交付后*个营业日内进行检查，买方须告知卖方任何基于货品条件、品质、等级而产生的索赔，并具体说明索赔事由。例如：In view of the personal nature of the services to be performed under this Agreement by you, youcannot assign or transfer any of your obligations under this Agreement.考虑到本协议项下待你方履行的服务有人身性质，你方不能转让本协议项下你方的任何义务。IN CONSIDERATION OF以为约因/报酬约因是英美法系的协议有效成立要件之一，没有则协议不能依法强制履行。但是，大陆法系的协议则无此规定。例如：Now, Therefore, in consideration of the mutual premises and covenants herein contained, it is hereby agreed:兹以上述各点和契约所载条款为约因，订约双方协议如下：In consideration of the payment to be made by Party A to Party B, Party B hereby covenants with Party A to complete the building in conformity with the provisions of the Contract. 乙方特此立约向甲方保证按协议规定完毕工程建设，以取得甲方所付的报酬。12 In lieu of： 一般出现在英文协议中表达“替代”的意思相称于基础英语中的 in place of, instead of.29 例句：In circumstance provided above in Clause 14.1， Party C or New Company shall, at its sole option and discretion, be entitled to transfer to Party B all or part of Party C or New Companys proprietary rights and ownership of the infrastructure project, under construction or after Completion Date, as liquidated damages, in lieu of computing and compensating the actual damages provided that such transfer shall beconducted of Party Cs own free will or rendered in the arbitration award as stipulated in clause 23.在上述第十四条第一款规定的情形下，丙方或新公司自行选择决断有权向乙方转让丙方或新公司的所有权及在建或竣工后基础设施的所有权的所有或部分作为约定的固定数额的违约金来替代计算补偿实际损害，但该转让应为丙方自己自愿实行的行为或根据二十三条的规定基于仲裁裁决的处分。13 In respect of；in respect thereof；with respect to：as regards涉及，至于，在方面英文协议中常用 in respect of, in respect thereof 或 with respect to,表达与本协议/协议/条款有关的问题，比 about, concerning, as regards 正式。例如：Notwithstanding Clause 16.1, Party B shall not be entitled to claim for itself in respect of any Force Majeure in Clause 16.1.不管 16 条第一款的规定，乙方无权根据 16 条第一款为其自身提出有关不可抗力的索赔。例如：Upon the termination of the Existing Letter of Credit and the payment of all amounts (if any) owingin respect thereof, Bank Boston, N.A. shall cease to be an Issuing Bank hereunder. 现有信用证一经期满所有相关应付款项支付（假如有的话）即告终止，北美波士顿银行不再是该信用证项下的开证行。例如：Party C or New Company shall retain all rights with respect to the specifications, plans, drawingsand other documents and Party B undertakes not to disclose the same or divu