2022年北京第四中学高一英语期末试题含解析.docx

2022年北京第四中学高一英语期末试题含解析
一、 选择题
1. ---Would you like juice  or offee?
   ---_________,I’d like tea.
    A.Either         B.Both                C.Any         D.Neither
参考答案：
D
2. Believe it or not, _____ did I hear it, but also saw it.
A. as well     B. not only      C. never before      D. only if  
参考答案：
B
略
30. The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language ______ in the 16th century.
A. came out   B. came about   C. came across   D. came round
参考答案：
A
略
4.  Tom ____ be playing basketball. I saw him in the classroom two minutes ago.
   A. needn’t     B. can’t     C. mustn’t     D. shouldn’t
参考答案：
B
5. --I think_____ necessary  for us to see the 2010 World Expo held in Shanghai.
--I couldn’t agree any more.
A. it             B. that           C. this         D. we
参考答案：
A
6. Father _____ goes to the gym with us although he dislikes going there.
A. hardly        B. seldom             C. sometimes        D. never
参考答案：
C
7. Helen ________ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet.
A. shall                                B. must                          C. may                            D. can
参考答案：
C
8. It rained heavily in the south，      serious flooding in several provinces．
  A．caused    B．having caused  C．causing   D．to cause
参考答案：
C
9. ---- Could I speak to Mr. White?
   ---- I’m afraid he _____ answer your call now. He is holding a meeting.
    A. can’t     B. needn’t       C. mustn’t       D. shouldn’t
参考答案：
A
略
10. He kept quiet about the punishment ___________ be laughed at by his friends.
A. in order to not
B. in order not to
C. not in order to
D. so as to not
参考答案：
B
11. If you frequently       headaches, your children may also have the same problem.
A. suffer    B. suffer for
C. suffer through    D. suffer from
参考答案：
A
句意：如果你经常遭受头痛，你的孩子可能也有同样的问题。suffer表示“遭受，忍耐”，是及物动词。故选A。
12. The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism ______the wildlife in the area.
A. in                B on               C. at          D. with
参考答案：
B
13. The question is not ____.
A. worth to consider    B. worth to be considered
C. worth considering    D. worth being considered
参考答案：
C
考查动词。句意：这个问题不值得考虑。固定结构：be worth dong sth.（……值得做），在此结构中动名词的主动结构表被动。故选C.
14. Many people complain _____ the problem in our society. I think volunteers are part of the solution _____ the problems!
A. about, of     B. on , of      C. about, to      D. on, to
参考答案：
C
15. I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond ___________.
    A. hearing        B. recognition   C. strength      D. measure 
参考答案：
B
16. 25．—Peter, hurry up! You ______ on the phone．    —Oh, I ______．Thank you．
       A．are being wanted; come                                   B．are wanted; am coming   
       C．want; come                                             D．will be wanted; should come
参考答案：
B
略
17. The telephone, ______ invention by Alexander Graham Bell in the 19th century, is of _______ great importance in our life now.
A. an; the  B. the; a  C. an; /  D. /; the
参考答案：
C
18. Once environmental damage ___________, it takes many years for the system to recover.
A. has done    B. is to do   C. does    D. is done
参考答案：
D
考查被动语态。句意：环境一旦受损，系统要多年才能修复。来自do damage to.=damage is done to.
【答案】
【解析】
二、 短文改错
19. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（ ^  ），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：１.每处错误及其修改均仅限一次；
　　　2..只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不记分。

My grandfather was a teacher. He was the head teacher of a school for boys at the age

of thirteen and eighteen . I know that he was a kind man, because when I am young, he

gave me presents, set me on his knees, and told me stories. And the boys at his school

were afraid of him. At school, when he walked into a room full of noise boys, there was

silence at once. When he looked at a boy with a certain look in his eye, that boy went red

in the face, and looked down his shoes. If a boy brought to him careless work, my

grandfather picked up a boy’s book and threw it across the room, shouting,  “ Do it all

again ,and take it back the first thing in the morning!”  If the boy was later, or if he forgot

to take the work, he had to do it again.
参考答案：
1. at---between                 2.am--was
3 .And--But                     4.noise---noisy
5. eye--eyes                    6.looked down 后加 at
7. 去掉 brought 后的 to        8. a boy’s ---the boy’s
9. take--bring                   10.laer--late
20. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的短文。短文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
On January 5th, students in our school visited Robot World, which we saw a great diversity of robot. I was amazing to find those robots could do a great number of things just like real people, included playing chess, playing the piano and drawing pictures. What’s more, the robots were in different kinds and shapes, which made us enjoyable. In addition, that excited me most is the show given by a group of robots. They danced just as if they were dancers on the stage. By visiting Robot World, I have learned a lot of about robots, especial about their functions and shapes. The great human wisdom is so powerful that it make us feel more comfortable live in the world.
参考答案：
On January 5th, students in our school visited Robot World, which we saw a great diversity
                                                    where
of robot. I was amazing to find those robots could do a great number of things just like real
  robots    amazed
people, included playing chess, playing the piano and drawing pictures. What’s more, the robots
       including
were in different kinds and shapes, which made us enjoyable. In addition, that excited me most is
                                                           what            was   
the show given by a group of robots. They danced just as if they were dancers on the stage. By visiting Robot World, I have learned a lot of about robots, especial about their functions and
                                去掉          especially
shapes. The great human wisdom is so powerful that it make us feel more comfortable∧ live in
                                            makes                     to
the world.
试题分析：作者讲述了参观机器人世界看得的各种机器人精彩的表演及自己的感受。
72.robot改为robots.考查名词复数。此处由a great diversity of修饰，表示各种各样的机器人，名词要用复数，故robot改为robots.
73.amazing改为amazed.考查形容词。amazing“令人吃惊的”修饰物；amazed“惊奇的，吃惊的”修饰人，此处修饰主语I要用amazed，故amazed.
74.included改为including.考查动词形式。句中a great number of things和后面列举的几项是主动关系，指“包括”，included“被包括”，故included改为including.
75.that改为what.考查代词。此处是主语从句指“最让我兴奋的事”，用what引导，故that改为what.
76.is改为was.考查时态。文章讲述的是过去发生的事用过去时，故is改为was.
77.a lot of about去掉of.考查固定短语。a lot of修饰名词，此处指我学到了很多，修饰动词用a lot，故a lot of about去掉of.
79.make改为makes.考查主谓一致。主语是第三人称单数it，谓语也要用第三人称单数形式，故make改为makes.
80.live前加to.考查不定式。句中it是形式主语，后面的不定式做真正主语，故live前加to.
【名师点睛】
短文改错答题技巧：
一、查时态是否一致
时态错误几乎是每年短文改错中必设的改错题。要有目的地去检查文中的每一个谓语动词的时态与上下文、语境以及该句的时间状语是否相符和一致。第76小题考查时态。文章讲述的是过去发生的事用过去时，故is改为was.
二、查主谓是否一致
在检查谓语动词的时态和语态是否正确的同时，还要注意检查该动词在人称和数上是否与主语保持了一致。主谓语一致的情况较为复杂，考生平时学习要留心归纳。有些特殊句式的主谓一致问题很容易被忽视，如倒装句、关系代词在定语从句中做主语的情况等，答题时要高度重视。第79小题考查主谓一致。主语是第三人称单数it，谓语也要用第三人称单数形式，故make改为makes.
三、查指代是否一致
对于短文中出现的每一个代词都要查一下它所指代的内容以及在句中的作用，注意其数、格、词性是否正确和前后一致，包括人称代词、指示代词、反身代词、关系代词以及疑问代词等。指代错误也是高考改错题中常设的改错题。
四、查平行结构是否平行一致
由and，or，but，either…or…，neither…nor…，not only …but also…，as well as等并列连词和词 组连接的结构可称为平行结构。平行结构在词性、时态、非谓语动词的形式上往往要求前后一致。答题时要留心平行结构前后是否对等平行，这也是常设的错误。
五、查名词的单复数与修饰词语或上下文是否一致
名词数的错误也是高考常设的改错题。要查一下名词是否可数，与其修饰语是否一致。第72小题考查名词复数。此处由a great diversity of修饰，表示各种各样的机器人，名词要用复数，故robot改为robots.
六、查行文逻辑是否一致
查这方面的错误应从文章整体内容出发，通篇考虑，以行为单位是难以发现这种错误的。逻辑不一致主要是由肯定与否定、关联词语以及动词（如come与go，take与bring）的误用所造成的，应多从这方面去查找。
总之，短文改错要注意联系上下文和时态的变化，做题时应以句子为单位，同时兼顾改错的原则。这个原则就是不能改变原意，不能轻易去掉动词、名词等实词，去掉的通常是固定搭配结构中多余的部分。同样，增加的词也是固定搭配中缺少的部分或者是定语从句中的先行词或介词，第71小题考查定语从句。句中包含定语从句，先行词是Robot World在定语从句中做状语，指在机器人世界，我们看到了各种各样的机器人。表示地点用关系副词，故which改为where.
短文改错中名词的错误多是可数名词和不可数名词的混用；形容词的错误一般是比较级和最高级的混用；副词的错误一般来说是副词与形容词误用。第78小题考查副词。especial是形容词“特殊的，特别的”，especially是副词“尤其，特别”，此处指“尤其是他们的功能和形状”，故especial改为especially.
三、 阅读理解
21. 阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空。
Paul Lucas can often be seen walking around the city of San Francisco. Sometimes people are surprised to see him walking  16  any shoes or socks,  17  Lucas doesn’t mind at all.  18  likes to walk barefoot, and so do 640 other members of Dirty Sole Society, the club that Lucas  19  (start) years ago. Lucas’ idea for this is to encourage others to live  20  (free) --- free of shoes. ks5u
According to Lucas, the barefoot life has many advantages.  21  most important is simply that it feels good. He also says  22  walking barefoot allows you to experience the world directly by touching it with your feet.  23  addition, the feet do not smell so much because they stay dry, 24  (make) it hard for bacteria to grow. And, of course, walking barefoot keeps your feet in good shape, so it’s actually   25  (healthy) than wearing shoes.
参考答案：
16. without   17. but/which      18. He        19. started       20. freely
21. The      22. that           23. In         24. making      25. healthier
22. The Secretary-General of the U.N. has always been chosen in private meetings. But for the first time in its 70-year history, part of the selection process is taking place in public.
At least eight countries have announced their candidates (候选人) for the position, among whom are women, including Irina Bukova from Bulgaria, Susana Malcorra from Argentina and Helen Clark from New Zealand. 56 countries says the next U.N. chief should be a woman. There have been eight U.N. chiefs, none of whom was a woman.
All member states were permitted to ask the candidates questions during two hour-long meetings last week in the U.N. General Assembly (联合国大会). The candidates were also asked some of the 1,000 questions written by people on social media.
They were asked questions about development, how they would improve efforts to create peace and how they would protect human rights.
The U.N. Security Council will examine the candidates’ backgrounds. Then the 15 members will vote secretly until one person is chosen. The General Assembly will then vote on whether to accept the choice.
Britain, China, France, Russia and the United States are the five permanent members of the Security Council. Experts say they are likely to have more influence on who will be the new secretary-general than the 10 non-permanent nations on the council.
The Security Council will begin to discuss who will be named the next secretary-general in July. A new secretary-general may not be confirmed until as late as November.
The U.N. has a tradition of choosing its new leader from a part of the world different from its current leader. U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon is from Asia. The previous U.N. chief was Kofi Annan, who was from Africa.
Dan Thomas is a spokesman for the president of the General Assembly. He says there is no rule that says where a new secretary-general must come from. But most observers say the new U.N. chief will not be from Asia or Africa.
12. What do the first two paragraphs imply?
A. All the Secretary-Generals of the U.N. have been chosen privately.
B. Women haven’t been allowed to apply for the Secretary-General.
C. The next Secretary-General of the U.N. might be a woman.
D. The process of choosing a new secretary-general is being made public.
13. Which of the following has the final decision on who will be the next secretary-general?
A. The five permanent members of the Security Council.
B. The Security Council.
C The 10 non-permanent nations on the council.
D. The current Secretary-General.
14. Which of the following is NOT the factor affecting whether a candidate will become the next U.N. chief?
A. Whether he is concerned about the human right.
B. Where he is from.
C. What his background is.
D. Male or female.
15. What is the best title of the passage?
A. U.N. Seeks New Secretary-General
B. The First Female Secretary-General of the U.N.
C. A Hard Decision in U.N.’s History
D. Who can be the Secretary-General of the U.N.
参考答案：
12. C    13. B    14. D    15. A
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了联合国寻求新的秘书长。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段56 countries says the next U.N. chief should be a woman. There have been eight U.N. chiefs, none of whom was a woman.There have been eight U．N．chiefs， none of whom was a woman．56个国家表示下一任联合国秘书长应该是女性，联合国共有8位秘书长，但都不是女性。可知通过关键词“ should be a woman，none of whom was a woman”可以判断出，下一任联合国秘书长可能是一位女性。故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段Britain, China, France, Russia and the United States are the five permanent members of the Security Council. Experts say they are likely to have more influence on who will be the new secretary-general than the 10 non-permanent nations on the council．英国、中国、法国、俄罗斯和美国是安理会五个常任理事国。专家们说，与安理会10个非常任理事国相比，他们对谁将成为新秘书长的影响可能更大。可知安理会对谁将成为下一任秘书长有最后决定。故选B。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段At least eight countries have announced their candidates for the position， among whom are women，至少有8个国家宣布了她们的候选人，其中包括女性。可知男性还是女性不是影响候选人能否成为下一任联合国秘书长的因素。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是根据第一段和第二段“The Secretary-General of the U.N. has always been chosen in private meetings. But for the first time in its 70-year history, part of the selection process is taking place in public.
At least eight countries have announced their candidates (候选人) for the position, among whom are women, including Irina Bukova from Bulgaria, Susana Malcorra from Argentina and Helen Clark from New Zealand。可知，联合国大会一直以来都是以秘密会议的方式提名联合国秘书长。70年以来，这是首次公开提名选择候选人，至少有8个国家提名了联合国秘书长候选人。其中一些候选人是女性，包括保加利亚的伊琳娜·博科娃、阿根廷的苏珊娜·马尔科拉以及新西兰的海伦·克拉克。所以这篇文章最好的题目是“联合国寻求新秘书长”。故选A。