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常州市地下水化学特征与成因分析.pdf

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1、2023May年5月GEOLOGIREVIEW评论质地No.3Vol.69第6 9 卷第3 期常州市地下水化学特征与成因分析苏东1-2),桑绪龙1-2),杨磊1 2),黄撤军1 2),许书 1-2),龚亚兵1 2),崔龙玉1.2)1)江苏省地质调查研究院,南京,2 1 0 0 49;2)自然资源部地裂缝地质灾害重点实验室,南京,2 1 0 0 49WWW 2 Mg*、H CO,Ca 2*和HCO,CINa*Ca2型为主,第I承压水以HCO,Na*Ca2和HCO,Ca 型为主、第II承压水以HCO,Na*Ca型为主。从浅层至深层,地下水的碱性逐渐增强,p(TDS)均值降低,水化学类型由多元向单一

2、转变。地下水化学组分主要受矿物溶解、阳离子交替吸附和人类活动共同影响。其中,潜水和第I承压水化学成因主要受控于碳酸盐、硅酸盐、蒸发岩盐和硫酸盐矿物溶解作用,且二者受人类活动影响特征较显著。第、承压水受碳酸盐、硅酸盐矿物溶解和阳离子交替吸附作用明显,人类活动对深层地下水影响甚微。关键词:地下水;工业化城市;水化学;离子比值;主成分分析地下水是生态环境系统中最为活跃灵敏的因子,积极参与浅表和深层的多项物质循环与能量交换,是一种极有价值的信息载体(张人权等,2 0 1 1)。地下水化学组分是地下水环境的重要组成部分,可间接表征地下水与围岩介质的相互作用,并在一定程度上反映人类活动对地质环境的影响程度

3、。近年来,对不同成因背景下地下水化学特征的研究日益受到重视,其有助于了解地下水环境的变化过程,对于指导地下水资源合理开发利用及生态环境保护具有重要意义(尹子悦等,2 0 1 8)。常州市位于长江三角洲腹地,北临长江,南接太湖,是长三角地区典型的工业城市。区域历史上长期开采地下水,诱发了系列地面沉降问题(于军等,2006),2 0 0 5年,地区深层地下水实现禁采,地下水位逐步回升,水动力场发生了较大程度变化(胡建平,2 0 1 1)。近年来,城市工农业的迅速发展也带来了部分地下水环境问题,化工、有色等传统产业富集的乡镇区已发现有不同程度的浅层地下水污染(姜月华等,2 0 1 1;马浩,2 0

4、1 1)。在此背景下,现状地下水化学特征和影响因素呕需重点关注。有部分学者对区内地下水问题进行了研究,大多集中在地下水质量(黄金玉等,2 0 1 6)、地下水污染(吴登定等,2 0 0 6;顾礼明等,2 0 1 2)、地下水脆弱性(李定龙等,2 0 1 3)、健康风险(杨彦等,2 0 1 3)、水土地质环境(姜月华等,2 0 1 5;贾军元,2 0 1 5)等方面,且重点针对浅层地下水,鲜有对多含水层地下水水化学特征和成因的系统研究。后工业化背景下(宋林飞,2 0 1 8),人类活动对于区内地下水环境的干扰程度不可忽略,人类活动的加剧增加了揭示区域地下水化学成因的难度(薛东青等,2 0 2 2

5、)。因此,本文通过调查取样和测试分析,采用统计分析、离子比值、主成分分析等多种方法,研究区域地下水禁采1 0 余年后,人类活动影响下各含水层地下水水化学特征,探讨水化学组分的来源和成因机制,以期为同类型地区地下水资源的保护与管理提供科学依据。1研究区概况1.1自然地理与地形地貌条件研究区位于长江三角洲太湖平原西北缘,地处江苏省南部,地理坐标为东经1 1 93954.3 1 2 0 注:本文为常州市人民政府、江苏省自然资源厅合作项目“常州城市地质调查”,江苏省地质勘查基金项目“苏锡常都市圈西部环境地质调查”(编号:苏财建【2 0 1 7 1 6 0 号),部省合作项目“苏南现代化建设示范区综合地

6、质调查(苏财建【2 0 1 6 1 40 号)”的成果。收稿日期:2 0 2 2-0 5-2 9;改回日期:2 0 2 2-1 2-2 8;网络首发:2 0 2 3-0 1-2 0;责任编辑:章雨旭。Doi:1 0.1 6 50 9/j.g e o r e v i e w.2 0 2 3.0 1.0 1 5作者简介:苏东,男,1 993年生,硕士,工程师,主要从事水文地质研究;Email:s u d o n g 1 993 1 2 6.c o m。104020233年论质地评1143.4,北纬31 2 0 0 6.3 32 0 3 41.7 面积1 8 6 2km。区内地形平坦广阔,大部分地区

7、高程5 1 0m,地貌单元主要为冲湖积平原和长江漫滩平原,在长三角地区具有很好的代表性。1.2地质与水文地质概况研究区大面积出露第四系,是较为典型的长江三角洲地层沉积区。北部沿江地区以现代漫滩冲积物或全新世冲海积粉细砂为主,南部以晚更新世湖沼积或冲湖积沉积物为主,第四系厚度在40 2 0 0m,总体呈现出自北向南变浅的趋势。第四系自上而下划分为全新统如东组、上更新统漏湖组、上更新统昆山组、中更新统启东组和下更新统海门组,下伏新近系上新统盐城组。区域含水层发育特征受历史时期海侵海退、构造活动影响,随地形地貌差异性较大。松散岩类孔隙水是本次重点研究对象,在区内分布甚广,且在垂钻孔点points o

8、fdrillingN剖面线profileline新北区宁区钟楼武进区湖B潜水phreaticwater第I承压水confined groundwater(I)0510km第、承压水confined groundwater(I/II)图1 常州市地理简图及本文地下水化学采样点分布图Fig.1 Geographical map of Changzhou City,Ji a n g s uProvince,and the sampling points for hydrochemistry of thegroundwater向上多层叠置,由地表向下,相继发育潜水和第I、承压水。浅层含水层顶板埋深在4

9、0 m以浅,厚度在0 35m,赋存潜水和第I承压水(浅层地下水),含水层受晚更新世和全新世冲湖积相、滨海相沉积影响,平面上变化复杂且不稳定,多呈夹层状或透镜状不连续分布。地下水位埋深0.5 5.0 m,沿长江地区埋深小于2 m;浅层地下水与外界水力联系密切,常年受大气降水、地表水人渗补给。深层含水层顶板埋深在1 50 m以浅,厚度2 0 1 0 0 m,赋存第、承压水(深层地下水),含水层受早、中更新世区域性古河道和海水顶托控制,在平面展布上具汉支多、连续性好的特征,含水层厚度、富水性沿古河道呈现出清晰的规律性,层间一般有厚度比较稳定的黏土、淤泥质亚黏土层。地下水埋深在1 0 50m,沿长江地

10、区埋深小于1 5m。2研究方法本次研究依托“常州城市地质调查”、“苏南现代化建设示范区综合地质调查”项目,开展常州市1:5万水文地质调查和样品采集测试工作。地下水样品采集点位包含区内机井、民井和专门型地下水监测井,于2 0 1 8 年1 2 月分层位采集了6 7 组水样,包含潜水样品2 6 组、第I承压水样品2 2 组,第、承压水样品1 9组,相对均匀地分布于整个研究区(图1。水样采集前,进行了0.5 2 h的抽水洗井工作,确保排出井管3倍以上体积的地下水。采集时通过0.45m微孔滤膜对水样进行过滤,去除样品中悬浮物。使用聚乙烯瓶采集50 0 mL原水1 瓶,另采集1 瓶1 0 0 mL水样添

11、加HNO,使pH值小于2,测试指标包含全分析和无机毒理学指标45项。上述样品采集后立即放人保温箱(4)中保存,并在48 h内送往国土资源部南京矿产资源监督检测中心测试,测试方法参照DZ/T0064-2021地下水质分析方法。在数据处理和分析时,选用AquaChem、O r i g i n 软件绘制相关图件,并开展离子比值特征分析;采用SPSS软件对地下水主要离子含量进行数理统计,开展主成分分析,综合研究地下水化学成因及影响因素。3结果和讨论3.1地下水化学特征研究区潜水pH值在7.2 2 8.2 3,TDS(T o t a ldissolvedsolids,溶解性固体总量)的质量浓度1041苏

12、东等:常州市地7征与成因分析第3 期(u)apnnre0SI-081-01Z-(u)(P,)0 9-0097-S-HSdo-H+2O-O0H:O-H:ON-H+2N-O0HW18281W0061#三P/,u000S0001P,001 wosttlP/,u000S 蒸发岩盐、硫酸盐矿物溶解 工农业活动;第I承压水化学组分形成贡献:碳酸盐、硅酸盐矿物溶解 硫酸盐矿物溶解、农业活动 工业活动;第、承压水化学组分形成贡献:碳酸盐、硅酸盐矿物溶解 阳离子交替吸附作用 蒸发岩盐、硫酸盐矿物溶解 含氮矿物溶解参考文献References(The literature whose publishing yea

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36、s and formation mechanismof shallow groundwater in Renqiu City,Hebei Province.GeologicalReview,68(1):245252.Yang Pingheng,Yuan Daoxian,Yuan Wenhao,Kuang Yinglun,JiaPeng,H e Q i u f a n g.2 0 1 0&.Fo r ma t i o n s o f g r o u n d w a t e rhydrogeochemistry in a karst system during storm events as re

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40、 hydrogeology(The sixth edition).Beijing:Geological Publishing House:2 6.Zhao Qi.2016&.Groundwater Recharge,Discharge,Runoff Conditionsand Chemical Constituents Formation Mechanism in the CoastalPlain,Downstream of Yangtze River.Jilin University:1 96.Zhou Yu,Wang Yanxin,Li Yilian,Francois Zwahlen,Ju

41、lie Boillat.2012&.Hydrogcochemical characteristics of central Jianghan Plain,China.Environmental Earth Sciences,68(3):765778.Zuo Yuzheng,An Yanling,Wu Qixin,Qu Kunjie,Fan Guanghui,YeDoi:10.2023.01.0151049第3 期苏东等:常州市地征与成因分析Zuxin,Qin Ling,Qian Juanting,Tu Chenglong.2017&.Study onthe hydrochemical char

42、acteristics of Duliu River basin in GuizhouProvince.China Environmental Science,37(7):26842690.Hydrogeochemical characteristics and controlling factors of groundwaterin Changzhou CitySU Dong-,CONG Xulong.*2),YANG Leil-),HUANG Jingjun-2),xU Shugang-),CONC Yabing.*2),CUI Longyul)1)Geological Survey of

43、 Jiangsu Province,Nanjing,210049;2)Key Laboratory of Earth Fissure Geological Disaster,Ministry of Natural Resources,Nanjing,210049Abstract:Changzhou is a typical industrialized city in the Yangtze River Delta.The rapid development hashad a series of impacts on the groundwater environment over the y

44、ears.The chemical components of groundwaterare controlled by natural conditions and human activities.It needs a further study of the present situation ofgroundwater chemical genesis and influencing factors.Based on the analysis of the occurrence conditions ofhydrogeology,this paper analyzes the chem

45、ical characteristics and genesis of groundwater at different aquiferthrough statistical analysis,ion ratio and principal component analysis.The results show that the mainhydrochemical types of phreatic water are HCO,-Ca2+.Mg*,HCO,-Ca2*and HCO,-CI-Na*.Ca2*type,the main hydrochemical types of the frst

46、 confined groundwater are HCO,Na Ca*and HCO,Ca*type,the main hydrochemical types of the second and third confined groundwater is HCO,-Na*.Ca type.From shallow layer to deep layer,the alkalinity of groundwater increases gradually,the mean value of TDS contentdecreased,hydrochemical types have changed

47、 from pluralism to singleness.The chemical composition ofgroundwater is mainly affected by mineral dissolution,cation alternating adsorption and human activities.Thechemical genesis of phreatic water and the first confined groundwater is mainly controlled by the dissolution ofcarbonate,silicate,evap

48、orated rock salt and sulfate minerals,and they are significantly affected by humanactivities.The second and third confined groundwater are obviously affected by the dissolution of carbonate andsilicate minerals and cation exchange.Human activities have little impact on deep groundwater.Keywords:grou

49、ndwater;industrialized city;hydrochemistry;ion ratio;principal component analysisAcknowledgements:This artical was supported by cooperation project between Changzhou MunicipalPeoples Government and Department of Natural Resources of Jiangsu Province Urban Geological Survey Project inChangzhou,Jiangs

50、u geological survey fund projectEnvironmental Geological Survey in West of Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou Metropolitan Area(No.Su Cai Jian2017 No.160),ministerial and provincial cooperation projectcomprehensive geological survey of Southern Jiangsu modernization demonstration area(No.Su Cai Jian 2016No.140)F

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