1、初中英语中的主谓一致ThisisItwasbuiltinTherearetwofloorsThefoodthereisThegoodsthereareMostpeoplelike英语中主语和谓语保持一致叫主谓一致,即谓语动词的形式必须随着主语单、复数形式变化而变化。考察主谓一致的常见题型有单项选择和时态填空等。打破这类题目的方法是纯熟掌握主谓一致的原则做题时仔细比较,分析,以进步做题的准确度。n一、最根本的主谓一致规则n最根本的“主谓一致规则是:“单则单,复则复,即主语为单数时,谓语动词也用相应的单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词也用相应的复数形式。n但要注意:当表示时间、长度、间隔、金钱、度量
2、等词组作主语时,常将其看作是一个整体,谓语动词要用单数形式。n另外,加减乘除也常当作整体对待,谓语动词也用单数形式。e.g.Iamateacher.Theygotothemoviesonceaweek.e.g.Fourplussixisten.e.g.Tendollarsisenough.n二、集体名词作主语时,谓语动词的使用nfamily,class,team等集体名词作主语时,假设指一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;但假设指其成员时,谓语动词用复数形式。e.g.Thefamilyisverybig.TheirfamilyarewatchingTVnow.n三、politics,physics,
3、works,the UnitedStates,news,maths等词作主语时,谓语动词的使用n这类词语貌似复数,意义上却是单数的名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。n但要注意有些名词,如:people(人;人们),police等形式为单数,意义是复数,谓语动词要用复数形式。e.g.Thenewsisveryexciting.Physicsisabitdifficultforme.e.g.Peoplethereareveryfriendly.n四、两个主语用and连接时,谓语动词的使用and连接两个名词(或代词)作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。但要注意:and连接的两个名词只表示一个概念时,谓
4、语动词要用单数形式。e.g.MaryandHelenaregoodfriends.e.g.Asingeranddanceriscoming.一个歌手兼舞蹈家就要来了。五、manya单数名词(许多);morethanone单数名词(不止一);eachAandeachB;everyAandeveryB等构造作主语时谓语动词用单数e.g.Everyhourandeveryminuteisimportant.Morethanonepersonhereisgoingtofindanewjob.n六、不定代词作主语时,谓语动词的使用n1.something,everything,anything,noth
5、ing,everybody,anybody,nobody,everyone,anyone等不定代词,以及eithereitherof),neither(neitherof),each(eachof),eachone,noone等代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。ne.g.Neitheroftheanswersisright.nSomething is wrong with mycomputer.n2.both,few,afew,many,several,other等它们所修饰的名词作主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式。ne.g.Afewpeopleliveto100,butfewpeoplelive
6、to150.Manyofthemhavecomputers.n七、单数名词作主语,尽管后面有with,aswellas,like,except,but等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式e.g.1.Theteacherwithhisstudentshasgonetothelibrary.2.Isthewomanlikeyouyourmother3.Nooneexcepttheteachersknowstheanswer.n八、动词不定式(或动词不定式短语),V-ing形式以及名词性从句作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。1.Toeatinafastfoodrestaurantischeapandsave
7、stime.2.Climbinghillsisgoodexercise.3.Whatweneednowistime.n九、在定语从句中,关系代词who,which,that作主语时,其谓语动词的数应也先行词保持一致。Thosewhowanttogoshouldmeethere.Tomlikesmusicthathasgreatlyrics.n十.Therebe构造的就近原则nTherebe句型中的be动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。e.g.Thereisateacher,adesk,somedesksandsomechairsintheclassroom.n十一、并列构造或连词n
8、either.nor.,either.or.,not.but.,not only.butalso.连接的并列主语,谓语动词与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致,即就近原则。nbothand表示“和都,谓语动词一般用复数形式。e.g.NeitherhenorIknowanythingaboutit.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteachervisitedthemuseum.e.g.Bothhisfatherandmotheraredoctors.n主谓一致正误辨析n同学们在主谓一致问题上经常会犯判断失误的错误,现将有关主谓一致现象的难点归纳如下:n一、主语为单数集体名词,谓
9、语动词用复数的情况n例1警察正在城里搜捕一名小偷。n误Thepoliceissearchingthecityforathief.n正Thepolicearesearchingthecityforathief.n析police,people,cattle(牛)等词虽然形式上是单数,但意义上却为复数,谓语动词需用复数形式。n例2在我国老人受到很好的照顾。n误Theoldistakengoodcareofinourcountry.n正Theoldaretakengoodcareofinourcountry.n析某些形容词前加上定冠词the,如theold,theyoung,thedead,theri
10、ch,thesick等,用以表示一类人时,其意义为复数,谓语动词用复数形式。n二、主语为复数形式,谓语动词用单数的情况n例1纽约时报是流行于美国各地的报纸。n误TheNewYorkTimesarereadallovertheUnitedStates.n正TheNewYorkTimesisreadallovertheUnitedStates.n析当表示国家、城市、人名、书名、报纸、杂志及组织机构等的专有名词作主语时,通常把它们作为整体对待,谓语动词用单数形式。n例2这条裤子是他哥哥的。n误 This pair of trousers are hisbrothers.n正 This pair of
11、 trousers is hisbrothers.n析一些由两个一样部分组成一体的复数名词,如trousers,glasses,shoes等,作主语时,假设前面有“一条、“一副、“一把之类的量词,则谓语动词用单数,不带量词时,则谓语动词用复数形式。n三、主语为单数形式,谓语动词有时用单数,有时用复数的情况例1他家里人正等着他。n误Hisfamilyiswaitingforhim.n正Hisfamilyarewaitingforhim.n析有些集体名词,如family,class,group,team,nation,couple等,作主语时,假设作为一个整体对待,谓语动词用单数;假如就其中一个个
12、成员考虑,谓语动词则用复数形式。n例2我们需要许多食物。n误Lotsoffoodareneededbyus.n正Lotsoffoodisneededbyus.n析alotof/lotsof/plentyof+名词作主语时,谓语动词的数根据名词的数而定。n四、并列主语与谓语动词数的一致的情况n例1那位老师兼作家来参加会议了。n误Theteacherandwriterhavecometothemeeting.n正Theteacherandwriterhascometothemeeting.n析由and连接的两个(或两个以上)单数主语,指同一人,同一物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式。n例2每个男孩
13、和女孩都有受教育的权利。n误 Every boy and every girl have therighttoeducation.n正Everyboyandeverygirlhastherighttoeducation.n析由and连接两个单数主语,假设前面有every,each等限定时,谓语动词用单数形式。nn五、几种特殊构造的主谓语一致n例1和这些孩子们交谈是一件愉快的事。n误Totallkwiththechildrenareagreatpleasure.n正Totalkwiththechildrenisagreatpleasure.n析该句是不定式作主语,表示单一概念,谓语动词用单数形式
14、。n例2一切都准备好了,是吗n误Everythingareready,arenttheyn正Everythingisready,isntitn析everything,something,nothing等作主语时,陈述句部分谓语动词用单数形式,附加疑问句中谓语动词和相应代词都只可用单数形式。nn不定代词everybody,someone,anyone,nobody等作主语时,陈述句部分谓语动词一般用单数形式。但是,在附加疑问句中谓语动词与相应代词多用复数形式。nEveryoneishavingfun,arenttheyn稳固练习n1.Awomanwithababy_cominghere.nA.i
15、sB.aren2.Thegirlaswellastheboys_learnedtodriveacar.nA.hasB.haven3.Wheneveranything_,pleasestayherequietly.nA.happensB.happenn4.Manyaman_thestory.nA.believeB.believesn“manya单数可数名词形式上为单数,但意义上为复数(意为“许多),假设用作主语,其谓语通常与形式一致而不与意义一致(即谓语用单数)。n5.Ayearandahalf_alreadypassed.nA.hasB.haven6.Twelvepercentofthewor
16、kershere_women.nA.isB.areAAABABn7.Hisfamily_watchingTV.nA.isB.aren8.Breadandbutter_theirdailyfood.nA.isB.aren9.Notonlyapenbutalsotwobooks_lost.nA.wasB.weren10.Theboyandthegirleach_theirowntoys.nA.hasB.haveneach作theboyandgirl的同位语,中心词是theboyandgirl,因此是复数n11.Maths_noteasytolearn.nA.isB.areBABBAn12.To m
17、aster the spirit of a foreign language_ not easy.nA.is B.are n13.A number of the students_ going to visit the History Museum.nA.is B.are n14.The number of the girl students in that school_ smaller than that of the boy students.nA.is B.are n15.The doctor and scientist_ to the meeting.nA.was invited B.were invited nABAA教学资料资料仅供参考