从句的引导词总表.doc

各种从句引导词总表

一、如何使用宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句的引导词
引导词
作用
例句
That
相对不缺少成分；陈述语气
I knew that you were here [just now].
if
whether
相对不缺少成分；疑问语气
从句的谓语动词为：ask;question;wonder---
I doubt if\whether he can do it [well now].
what

缺少主语，宾语，定语
（指物）
1. You can be sure of what you have [at present].
2.I sold for what was enough
Who
缺少主语，（指人）
I wanted to know who will come.
Whom
缺少宾语，（指人）
I don’t know whom you’re waiting for.
When
缺少时间状语
He told me [when ]we would gather.
Where
缺少地点状语
Can you tell me [where]he lived?
Why
缺少原因状语
He wanted to explained [why] he was late.
How
缺少方式状语
Can you tell me [how] you want your tea?
Which
缺少定语，（指物、人）
He’ll buy (which) book he is interested in.
whose
缺少定语，（指人）
She asked whose jacket it is.

二、如何选择定语从句的关系词
关系词
先行词
从句成分
例 句
备 注
关系代 词
who
人
主语
Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?
whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that
whom
人
宾语
Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working
The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.
whose
人
物
定语
I like those books whose topics are about history.
The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.
that
人
物
主语
宾语
A plane is a machine that can fly. 缺少主语
She is the pop star (that) I want to see 【very much】. 缺少宾语
which
物
主语
宾语
The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. 缺少宾语
The picture which was about the accident was terrible. 缺少主语
关系副 词
when
时间
时间
状语
I will never forget the day【 when】 we met【 there】.
可用on which
where
地点
地点
状语
This is the house【 where】 I was born.
可用in which
why
原因
原因
状语
I can’t imagine the reason 【why】he turned down my offer.
可用for which

三．并列句和状语从句的连接词

连

词

并
列
连
词

同等关系
and\both---and
neither---nor、 not only---but also
转折关系
but\however\yet\while
选择关系
Or\either---or
因果关系
So\therefore

从
属
连
词

状
语
从
句

时间
when\while\since\as\till\until
before\after\whenever
地点
where\wherever
原因
because\as(由于)\since（既然）
条件
If\unless\so long as\in case
让步
Though\although\no matter---\even if
方式
as(按照)\as if\as though
比较
as---as\not so---as
结果
So---that\such---that
目的
in order that

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