音标名词复数名词的格(日).doc

英语国际音标表（48个）元音（20个）长元音/:/:/:/i:/U:/短元音/e/e/a/ 双元音/e/a/辅音（28个）轻辅音/p/t/k/f/s/浊辅音/b/d/g/v/z/轻辅音/h/ts/t/tr/浊辅音/r/dz/d/dr/鼻音/m/n/ 半元音/j/ w/边音/【解析】5个元音的字母音 a ei e i: i ai o u u u:单元音： i: e: he she me weea: tea eat meatee: see tree see ei: receive ey: key i: police policeman policewoman machineeo: peopleie: piece field believe thief: a: orange cabbageay: Sunday holidaye: begin English pretty cinema ey: monkey i: it is in bigy: city very sorryu: busyui: build building ai: captaine: a: any many anyone ai: said ay: says e: pen bed yes egg deskea: bread head breakfastu: bury: a: bag am and at sad:a: class banana father afteral: half palmar: car far park arm starau: aunt laughear: heart: o: come none love otheroo: blood floodou: touch country enough young u: bus sun but cut up us:ear: learn earth early hearder: her term ir: first girl bird skirt sir thirdor: work word worldur: nurse turn hurt Thursdayyr: myrtle our: journalist journal:a: along about banana Canana Chinae: student open children differenti: holiday Aprilo: today welcome policeu: minus autumner: father mother brother sisteror: doctor forget mirror ar: sugar re: metre tired fireou: delicious previousur: surprise Saturdayour: colour ure: picture pleasureoar: cupboard yr: martyr satyru:ew: flew grew review Jewo: do to whooo: too zoo food pool boot schoolou: soup group throughu: blue glue Juneui: fruit juiceoe: shoe :o: woman wolfoo: book look good footoul: could would shouldu: put sugar full push:(w)a: want wash watch whato: hot on not sorryou: cough au: Australia:(w)a: wateral: all ball call fall hall mall small talk tall wall (w) ar:warm quarterau: August autumn daughteraw: draw saw lawoor: door floorore: more before or: or for short sportou: bought brought thoughtour: four yourawe: awe awed awelessoar: board blackboard cardboardo: story双元音：a:i: time like nice fine fivey: my by whyi(g):sign high light right ie: die lie tiee:a: name cake game faceai: rain train waitay: day may okay play todayei: veil veinei(gh): eight eighteen eightyey: theyea: great break:e: zero cereal seriousea: real really idea cerealere: here ear: ear dear hear near cleareer: beer deer pioneer:o: go no nose homeow: show know yellow windowoa: goat boatou: shoulder though oe: woe:ure: sure oor: poor our: toura:ou: out about house blouseow: how now cowe:air: air hair chairare: care hare parentear: pear wear bearere: there whereeir: their theirsa: Mary:oi: oil toilet boil soiloy: boy toy employee辅音：清辅成对辅音：p-b t-d k-g f-v s-z - - ts-dz t-d tr-dr 清音浊化：清辅音p t k tr等在s后重读时由送气音变为不送气音，即发其浊辅音b d g dr，但音标仍写成清辅音。如：sportsp:t，studentstju:dnt， skyska, streetstr i:t。但弱读时s后的清辅音仍读请辅音，不读相对的浊辅音。如：hostesshsts。p:p:pen map help cheap pencil paperpp:apple happy appearb:b:bag by bed boy bus bluebb:rabbit cabbaget:t:ten time not get tablett:bottle bottom little prettyed:watched washed cooked helped dancedd:d:desk door day dog dd:add daddy middleed:played cleaned climbed answered arrived aired boiled emptied enjoyed criedk:c:cat come cut clock cry picture bloccc: occasion according occupy acclaim ch:school Christmas chemistry technique technology stomachk:book bike cake kite Kate lookck:black duck clock jacket cockq:Iraq coq que:unique techniqueg:g:go girl big getgg:egg bigger biggestgu:guessgue:dialogue gh:ghyll ghostf:f:five fish fine family fifteenph:photo phone elephant photographgh:laugh enoughff:off coffeev:v:very five havef:ofs:c:nice city cycle s:sit six some bus use us desk booksss:miss class glass grasssc:science sceneps:psalm psywarz:s:is his please music lose husband appleses:leaves thieves knives wivesz:zoo zerozz:buzz:th:three thank month thin:th:this the with than the:breathe soythe:sh:she shoe short shop washs:sure Asiac: special sufficient delicioust:station national patientss:Russia professionch:machine:s:usually television pleasurez:seizurege:garagets:ts:shirts hurts coats costs goatsts:Letstes:kites gates dateszz:pizzadz:ds:beds birds hands friendsdes:decidest:ch:chair much lunch Chinatch:watcht: picture questiond:g(e):age page huge orangeg:gentle gentleman generaldge:bridge porridge judgej:jump jacket just June Jimch:sandwichtr:tr:tree trip try true truthdr:dr:dress drive hundred children 单个辅音：h:h:he her have hand head hair(w)h:who whom whosel:l:let look please lake peoplell:tell full till bell(t)l(e):whistler:r:red right threerr:sorry worry hurry carry carrot(w)r:write wrongm:m:man meat meet timemm:common communicatem(b):climb lambm(n):autumn n:n:name nice nine near under(k)n:know knifenn:Ann(m)n:mnemonics:ng:sing long young morningn(k):thank think ink pinkn(g):Englishw:w:we window work walkw(h):what why where whitej:y:yes you year yellowj:Jensen ja hallelujah jaapi:onion review million billion brilliant behavioure:Europe12个单元音：短元音 e e i u 长元音 i: : a: u: : 8个双元音：ei ai u au i i e u 英语名词单数变复数口诀(一) 规则变化 名词单数变复数，直接加-s占多数； s,x,z,ch,sh来结尾，直接加上-es； 词尾是f或fe，加-s之前先变ve； 辅母+y在词尾，把y变i再加-es； 词尾字母若是o，常用三个已足够， 要加-es请记好，hero,tomato,potato。 (二)不规则变化 男人女人a变e，鹅足牙oo变ee； 老鼠虱婆也好记，ous变ic； 孩子加上ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用变。 中日不变英法变，其余-s加后面【解说】 1.英语名词有单数和复数的区别，单数表示“一”，复数表示“多于一。”名词由单数变复数，多数是规则的变，直接加-s，例如：bookbooks,girlgirls。但以-s,-z,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词，变成复数时加-es,例如：busbuses,buzzbuzzes,boxboxes,watchwatches,brushbrushes 2.-f(e)结尾的名词单数变复数歌诀：树叶半数自已黄，妻子拿刀去割粮，架后窜出一只狼，就像强盗逃命忙。妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌，躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。例如：leaf(树叶，叶子)，half(一半)，self(自已)，wife(妻子)，knife(刀子)，shelf(架子)，wolf(狼),thief(窃贼，强盗)和life(生命)，这些名词变成复数时，都要改-f(e)为v，再加-es。 3.-f结尾的名词直接加-s变复数歌诀：海湾边、屋顶上，首领奴仆两相望；谁说他们无信仰，证据写在手帕上。例如：gulf,roof,chief,serf,belief,proof,handkerchief，这些名词变复数直接加-s。 注：scarf(围巾；披风)可以先改f为ve再加-s，也可直接加-s。 4.辅音字母+y结尾的名词，把y变i加-es。例如：babybabies,countrycountries,familyfamilies；而-y前是元音时，-y不变，直接加-s。例如：daydays,boyboys 5.以-o结尾的名词变复数时，多数直接加-s。例如：radioradios,pianopianos,kangarookangaroos；有的须加-es，中学课本中有几个这样的单词，可以通过一句口诀来记忆：黑人英雄爱吃西红柿和土豆。即：NegroNegroes,heroheroes,tomatotomatoes,potatopotatoes；有的以o结尾的名词既可加-s也可加-es。例如：volcano(火山)volcanos/volcanoes等。 6.名词复数的不规则变化需要特别记忆。例如：manmen, womanwomen, goosegeese, footfeet, toothteeth, mousemice,louse(虱子)lice,childchildren,fishfish,deer(鹿)deer,sheepsheep等。 则有：one sheep（一只羊）two sheep（两只羊）a deer（一只鹿）two deer（两只鹿）a Chinese（一个中国人）two Chinese（两个中国人） 7、不可数名词一般只有单数形式，没有复数形式。有些不可数名词可借助单位词表示一定的数量。例如：acupoftea一杯茶,twopieceofpaper两张纸,anitemofnews一则新闻8、由man和woman构成的合成名词，两个构成部分都要变成复数。man workermen workers（男工人）woman doctorwomen doctors（女医生）不同国家的人的单复数名称 总称(谓语用复数）一个人 两个人中国人the Chinesea Chinese two Chinese瑞士人the Swissa Swiss two Swiss澳大利亚人the Australians an Australians two Australians 俄国人the Russiansa Russiantwo Russians意大利人the Italiansan Italian two Italians希腊人the Greek a Greektwo Greeks法国人the Frencha Frenchmantwo Frenchmen日本人the Japanesea Japanese two Japanese美国人the Americansan Americantwo Americans印度人the Indiansan Indian two Indians加拿大人the Canadiansa Canadian two Canadians德国人the Germansa Germanstwo Germans英国人the Englishan Englishmantwo Englishmen瑞典人the Swedisha Swedetwo Swedes不规则名词复数英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2单复数相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin, 3只有复数形式ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents4一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police, cattle, staff5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party6复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)7表示“某国人”加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches将两部分变为复数women singers, men servants一、请写出下列名词的复数形式bus_fox_boy_day_zoo_tree_deer_fish_city_leaf_life_milk_foot_horse_mouse_tooth_woman_broom_juice_water_people_branch_family_ country_二、用所给词语的正确形式填空 1. I have two_ (knife) 2. There are many _ here. (box) 3. There are many _ on the road. (bus) 4. A few _ are drawing on the wall. (boy) 5. The _ are playing football now. (child)名词的格在英语中有些名词可以加s来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teachers book。名词所有格的规则如下：1） 单数名词词尾加s，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加s，如the boys bag 男孩的书包，mens room 男厕所。2） 若名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加，如：the workers struggle工人的斗争。3） 凡不能加s的名词，都可以用名词+of +名词的结构来表示所有关系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。4） 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barbers 理发店。5） 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有s，则表示分别有；只有一个s，则表示共有。 如：Johns and Marys room（两间）John and Marys room（一间）6） 复合名词或短语，s 加在最后一个词的词尾。 如：a month or twos absence