外研社一起小学四年级上语法总结及练习题.doc

外研社四年级上语法总结
一般过去时
一般过去时用来表示过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态以及过去习惯性、反复性的动作。谓语动词要用动词的过去式，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday昨天、last night昨晚、last week上周、last year去年，等
时间状语：
1.yesterday， morning(afternoon, evening)等 
2. 由“last+一时间名词”构成的短语：last night, last year (winter, month, week)等
3. 由“时间段+ago”构成的短语：a moment ago, a short time ago, an hour ago等
4. 其它：just now等 

Was，were的一般过去时
Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：
1． am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not = wasn’t）
2． are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not = weren’t）
3． 带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和am, is, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首
构成：
肯定句式：主语 + be(was , were) + 其它.  
否定句式：主语 + be(was , were) + not + 其它.  
一般疑问句：Be(was , were) + 主语 + 其它？
肯定回答: Yes, 主语+ be(was , were)
否定回答：No, 主语 + be(was , were) + not.

含有实义动词（行为动词）的一般过去时的主结构： 
 构成：
肯定句：主语+动词的过去时+其它。 
否定句：主语+did+not+动词原形+其它。did not缩写为didn’t 
 一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？  
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它? 

※动词过去式的变化

小学常用不规则动词的过去式
现在式
过去式
中文意思

现在式
过去式
中文意思
am, is
was
是

may
might
可能
are
were
是

mean
meant
意思是
become
became
变成

meet
met
遇见，见面
begin
began
开始

must
must
必须，应该
build
built
建筑

put
put
放
buy
bought
买

read
read
阅读
can
could
可以

ride
rode
琦
catch
caught
抓住

run
ran
跑
come
came
来

say
said
说
cut
cut
切

see
saw
看见
dig
dug
挖

sell
sold
卖
do, does
did
做

send
sent
发送
draw
drew
画画

set
set
放置
drink
drank
喝

shake
shook
摇晃
drive
drove
驾驶

shall
should
应该
eat
ate
吃

shine
shone
照耀
fall
fell
落下

show
showed
表现，表演
feed
fed
喂养

sing
sang
唱
feel
felt
感觉

sit
sat
坐
fight
fought
大家

sleep
slept
睡觉
find
found
寻找到

smell
smelt
闻
fly
flew
飞

speak
spoke
说
get
got
得到

spell
spelt
拼
give
gave
给

stand
stood
站
go
went
去

swim
swam
游泳
has, have
had
有，吃

swing
swung
荡秋千
hear
heard
听见

take
took
拿，花费
hold
held
握住

teach
taught
教
hurt
hurt
受伤

tell
told
告诉
keep
kept
保持

think
thought
思考
know
knew
知道

throw
threw
扔
learn
learnt
learned
学习

wake
woke
waked
醒来
leave
left
离开

wear
wore
穿
let
let
让

will
would
将
light
lit
lighted
点燃

win
won
赢
lose
lost
丢失

write
wrote
写
make
made
制作

选择
( )1． My father＿＿＿＿＿＿ill yesterday．
A． isn't B． aren't C． wasn't D． weren't
( )2． ＿＿＿＿＿＿your parents at home last week﹖
A． Is B． Was C． Are D． Were
( )3． The twins＿＿＿＿＿＿in Dalian last year． They＿＿＿＿＿＿here now．
A． are; were B． were; are C． was; are D． were; was
( )4． ＿＿＿＿＿＿your father at work the day＿＿＿＿＿yesterday(前天）﹖
A． Was; before B． Is; before C． Was; after D． Is; after
( )5． —Who was on duty last Friday﹖
—＿＿＿＿＿＿．
A． I am B． I was C． Yes, I was D． No, I wasn't

用be动词的适当形式填空。
1．A：________ you at home yesterday?  B：Yes，I________． 
2．A：________ it sunny in London now?  B：Yes，it________． 
3．A：________ you at the park now?  B：Yes，we________． 
4．A：________ your mother out yesterday?  B：Yes，she________． 
5．A：________ they at school yesterday?  B：Yes，they________．
6．A：________ he strong then?  B：Yes，he________． 
7．A：Where________ he now?  B：He________ at school. 
8．A：Shenzhen wasn't big________．  B：It is a big city________

请选择正确的词，把下列句子补充完整。 
1. I _____________ （ask / asked / is asking） him a question yesterday.    
2. Tom _____________ （read / is reading / reads） English now. 
3. Did you ______________ （water / watered / waters） flowers last week?   
4. Let’s _____________ （get / got / getting） on the No. 1 bus.   
5. We often ___________ （watch / watches / watched） TV at home.  
6. Judy didn’t ____________ （went / go / going） to school yesterday.   
7. His dad ______________ （works / worked / is working） hard every day.   
8. There ____________ （were / are / was） some trees near houses two years ago.   
9. My cousin ____________ （studies / studied / study） in a middle school in Guangzhou.  
10. Mr. White _____________ （came / comes / is coming） China last year. 
11. She is going to ___________ （have / had / has） a big party this Sunday.
12. Where did you ____________ （meet / met / meeting） Miss White.
13. They wanted to ___________ （go / went / going） to Beijing last week. 
14. Look, Tom ____________ （watches / watched / is watching） TV in the living-room。   
15. What ___________ （did / does / is） the girl do this morning?   

祈使句
表达说话人对对方的叮嘱、劝告、请求或命令等,往往有表示请求、命令、希望、禁止、劝告等意思.
祈使句一般没有主语,实际上是省略了主语“You”.句末用感叹号或句号,用降调朗读.肯定结构都以动词原形开头.例如：
Catch the ball!接球!（句子的意思是让“你”接球）

祈使句的肯定句式有三种形式,即
1)Do型（以行为动词原形开头）,例如：Sit down 坐下! Stand up 起立!
2)Be型（以be开头）,例如：Be quiet！ 安静!
3)Let型 （以let开头）,例如：Let me help you.

祈使句的否定结构是以“Don’t＋动词原形”开头.例如：
Don’t go there,please． 请别去那儿.
Don’t be late． 不要迟到

用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. __________ (not, be) late.
2. ____________ (dust) the dressing table.
3. ____________ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food.
4. ____________ (not, talk) and ____________ (read) a book.
5. ____________ (not, drop) the nice vase, Sam.
6. ____________ (look) out! A car is coming.
7. ____________ (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like.
8. ____________ (not, let) the baby cry.
9. Open the window and ____________ (shut) the door.
10. Let’s ____________ (sweep) the floor.

根据要求改写句子
1. Will you please read it again more slowly? （改为祈使句）
__________ __________ again more slowly, please.
2. Please sit next to Nancy. （改为否定句）
__________ __________ next to Nancy.
3. Come to my house tomorrow. （改为否定句）
__________ come to my house tomorrow.
4. Wear the glasses! （改为否定句）
___________ wear the glasses!
5. Don’t wash your hands! (改成肯定句)
___________ your hands!