外研社一起小学四年级上语法总结及练习题.doc

外研社四年级上语法总结一般过去时一般过去时用来表示过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态以及过去习惯性、反复性的动作。谓语动词要用动词的过去式，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday昨天、lastnight昨晚、lastweek上周、lastyear去年，等时间状语： 1.yesterday，morning(afternoon,evening)等2.由“last+一时间名词”构成的短语：lastnight,lastyear(winter,month,week)等3.由“时间段+ago”构成的短语：amomentago,ashorttimeago,anhourago等4.其它：justnow等Was，were的一般过去时Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：1 am和is在一般过去时中变为was。（wasnot=wasnt）2 are在一般过去时中变为were。（werenot=werent）3 带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和am, is,are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首构成：肯定句式：主语+be(was,were)+其它.否定句式：主语+be(was,were)+not+其它.一般疑问句：Be(was,were)+主语+其它？ 肯定回答: Yes, 主语+ be(was,were) 否定回答：No, 主语+be(was,were)+not.含有实义动词（行为动词）的一般过去时的主结构：构成：肯定句：主语+动词的过去时+其它。否定句：主语+did+not+动词原形+其它。didnot缩写为didnt一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它?动词过去式的变化小学常用不规则动词的过去式现在式过去式中文意思现在式过去式中文意思am, iswas是maymight可能arewere是meanmeant意思是becomebecame变成meetmet遇见，见面beginbegan开始mustmust必须，应该buildbuilt建筑putput放buybought买readread阅读cancould可以riderode琦catchcaught抓住runran跑comecame来saysaid说cutcut切seesaw看见digdug挖sellsold卖do, doesdid做sendsent发送drawdrew画画setset放置drinkdrank喝shakeshook摇晃drivedrove驾驶shallshould应该eatate吃shineshone照耀fallfell落下showshowed表现，表演feedfed喂养singsang唱feelfelt感觉sitsat坐fightfought大家sleepslept睡觉findfound寻找到smellsmelt闻flyflew飞speakspoke说getgot得到spellspelt拼givegave给standstood站gowent去swimswam游泳has, havehad有，吃swingswung荡秋千hearheard听见taketook拿，花费holdheld握住teachtaught教hurthurt受伤telltold告诉keepkept保持thinkthought思考knowknew知道throwthrew扔learnlearntlearned学习wakewokewaked醒来leaveleft离开wearwore穿letlet让willwould将lightlitlighted点燃winwon赢loselost丢失writewrote写makemade制作选择( )1 My fatherill yesterday A isnt B arent C wasnt D werent( )2 your parents at home last week A Is B Was C Are D Were( )3 The twinsin Dalian last year Theyhere now A are; were B were; are C was; are D were; was( )4 your father at work the dayyesterday(前天） A Was; before B Is; before C Was; after D Is; after ( )5 Who was on duty last Friday A I am B I was C Yes, I was D No, I wasnt 用be动词的适当形式填空。1A：_youathomeyesterday? B：Yes，I_2A：_itsunnyinLondonnow? B：Yes，it_3A：_youattheparknow? B：Yes，we_4A：_yourmotheroutyesterday? B：Yes，she_5A：_theyatschoolyesterday? B：Yes，they_6A：_hestrongthen? B：Yes，he_7A：Where_henow? B：He_atschool.8A：Shenzhenwasntbig_ B：Itisabigcity_请选择正确的词，把下列句子补充完整。1.I_（ask/asked/isasking）himaquestionyesterday.2.Tom_（read/isreading/reads）Englishnow.3.Didyou_（water/watered/waters）flowerslastweek?4.Lets_（get/got/getting）ontheNo.1bus.5.Weoften_（watch/watches/watched）TVathome.6.Judydidnt_（went/go/going）toschoolyesterday.7.Hisdad_（works/worked/isworking）hardeveryday.8.There_（were/are/was）sometreesnearhousestwoyearsago.9.Mycousin_（studies/studied/study）inamiddleschoolinGuangzhou.10.Mr.White_（came/comes/iscoming）Chinalastyear.11.Sheisgoingto_（have/had/has）abigpartythisSunday.12.Wheredidyou_（meet/met/meeting）MissWhite.13.Theywantedto_（go/went/going）toBeijinglastweek.14.Look,Tom_（watches/watched/iswatching）TVintheliving-room。15.What_（did/does/is）thegirldothismorning?祈使句表达说话人对对方的叮嘱、劝告、请求或命令等,往往有表示请求、命令、希望、禁止、劝告等意思.祈使句一般没有主语,实际上是省略了主语“You”.句末用感叹号或句号,用降调朗读.肯定结构都以动词原形开头.例如：Catch the ball!接球!（句子的意思是让“你”接球） 祈使句的肯定句式有三种形式,即 1)Do型（以行为动词原形开头）,例如：Sit down 坐下! Stand up 起立!2)Be型（以be开头）,例如：Be quiet！ 安静!3)Let型 （以let开头）,例如：Let me help you.祈使句的否定结构是以“Dont动词原形”开头.例如：Dont go there,please 请别去那儿.Dont be late 不要迟到用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1. _ (not, be) late. 2. _ (dust) the dressing table. 3. _ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food. 4. _ (not, talk) and _ (read) a book. 5. _ (not, drop) the nice vase, Sam. 6. _ (look) out! A car is coming. 7. _ (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like. 8. _ (not, let) the baby cry. 9. Open the window and _ (shut) the door. 10. Lets _ (sweep) the floor.根据要求改写句子1. Will you please read it again more slowly? （改为祈使句）_ _ again more slowly, please. 2. Please sit next to Nancy. （改为否定句）_ _ next to Nancy. 3. Come to my house tomorrow. （改为否定句）_ come to my house tomorrow. 4. Wear the glasses! （改为否定句）_ wear the glasses! 5. Dont wash your hands! (改成肯定句) _ your hands!