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1、外研社四年级上语法总结 一般过去时 一般过去时用来表示过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态以及过去习惯性、反复性的动作。谓语动词要用动词的过去式，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday昨天、last night昨晚、last week上周、last year去年，等 时间状语： 1.yesterday， morning(afternoon, evening)等 2. 由“last+一时间名词”构成的短语：last night, last year (winter, month, week)等 3. 由“时间段+ago”构成的短语：a moment ago, a sho
2、rt time ago, an hour ago等 4. 其它：just now等 Was，were的一般过去时 Be动词在一般过去时中的变化： 1． am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not = wasn’t） 2． are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not = weren’t） 3． 带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和am, is, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首 构成： 肯定句式：主语 + be(was , were) + 其它. 否定句式：主语 + be(was
3、 were) + not + 其它. 一般疑问句：Be(was , were) + 主语 + 其它？ 肯定回答: Yes, 主语+ be(was , were) 否定回答：No, 主语 + be(was , were) + not. 含有实义动词（行为动词）的一般过去时的主结构： 构成： 肯定句：主语+动词的过去时+其它。 否定句：主语+did+not+动词原形+其它。did not缩写为didn’t 一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它?
4、 ※动词过去式的变化 小学常用不规则动词的过去式 现在式 过去式 中文意思 现在式 过去式 中文意思 am, is was 是 may might 可能 are were 是 mean meant 意思是 become became 变成 meet met 遇见，见面 begin began 开始 must must 必须，应该 build built 建筑 put put 放 buy bought 买 read read 阅读 can could 可以 ride
5、 rode 琦 catch caught 抓住 run ran 跑 come came 来 say said 说 cut cut 切 see saw 看见 dig dug 挖 sell sold 卖 do, does did 做 send sent 发送 draw drew 画画 set set 放置 drink drank 喝 shake shook 摇晃 drive drove 驾驶 shall should 应该 eat ate 吃 shine
6、 shone 照耀 fall fell 落下 show showed 表现，表演 feed fed 喂养 sing sang 唱 feel felt 感觉 sit sat 坐 fight fought 大家 sleep slept 睡觉 find found 寻找到 smell smelt 闻 fly flew 飞 speak spoke 说 get got 得到 spell spelt 拼 give gave 给 stand stood 站 go went
7、去 swim swam 游泳 has, have had 有，吃 swing swung 荡秋千 hear heard 听见 take took 拿，花费 hold held 握住 teach taught 教 hurt hurt 受伤 tell told 告诉 keep kept 保持 think thought 思考 know knew 知道 throw threw 扔 learn learnt learned 学习 wake woke waked 醒来 leav
8、e left 离开 wear wore 穿 let let 让 will would 将 light lit lighted 点燃 win won 赢 lose lost 丢失 write wrote 写 make made 制作 选择 ( )1． My father＿＿＿＿＿＿ill yesterday． A．
9、 isn't B． aren't C． wasn't D． weren't ( )2． ＿＿＿＿＿＿your parents at home last week﹖ A． Is B． Was C． Are D． Were ( )3． The twins＿＿＿＿＿＿in Dalian last year． They＿＿＿＿＿＿here now． A． are; were B． were; are C． was; are D． were; was ( )4． ＿＿＿＿
10、＿＿your father at work the day＿＿＿＿＿yesterday(前天）﹖ A． Was; before B． Is; before C． Was; after D． Is; after ( )5． —Who was on duty last Friday﹖ —＿＿＿＿＿＿． A． I am B． I was C． Yes, I was D． No, I wasn't 用be动词的适当形式填空。 1．A：________ you at
11、home yesterday? B：Yes，I________． 2．A：________ it sunny in London now? B：Yes，it________． 3．A：________ you at the park now? B：Yes，we________． 4．A：________ your mother out yesterday? B：Yes，she________． 5．A：________ they at school yesterday? B：Yes，they______
12、． 6．A：________ he strong then? B：Yes，he________． 7．A：Where________ he now? B：He________ at school. 8．A：Shenzhen wasn't big________． B：It is a big city________ 请选择正确的词，把下列句子补充完整。 1. I _____________ （ask / asked / is asking） him a question yesterday.
13、 2. Tom _____________ （read / is reading / reads） English now. 3. Did you ______________ （water / watered / waters） flowers last week? 4. Let’s _____________ （get / got / getting） on the No. 1 bus. 5. We often ___________ （watch / watches / watched） TV at home. 6. Judy didn’t __________
14、 （went / go / going） to school yesterday. 7. His dad ______________ （works / worked / is working） hard every day. 8. There ____________ （were / are / was） some trees near houses two years ago. 9. My cousin ____________ （studies / studied / study） in a middle school in Guangzhou. 10.
15、 Mr. White _____________ （came / comes / is coming） China last year. 11. She is going to ___________ （have / had / has） a big party this Sunday. 12. Where did you ____________ （meet / met / meeting） Miss White. 13. They wanted to ___________ （go / went / going） to Beijing last week. 14. Look,
16、Tom ____________ （watches / watched / is watching） TV in the living-room。 15. What ___________ （did / does / is） the girl do this morning? 祈使句 表达说话人对对方的叮嘱、劝告、请求或命令等,往往有表示请求、命令、希望、禁止、劝告等意思. 祈使句一般没有主语,实际上是省略了主语“You”.句末用感叹号或句号,用降调朗读.肯定结构都以动词原形开头.例如： Catch the ball!接球!（句子的意思是让“你”接球） 祈使句
17、的肯定句式有三种形式,即 1)Do型（以行为动词原形开头）,例如：Sit down 坐下! Stand up 起立! 2)Be型（以be开头）,例如：Be quiet！ 安静! 3)Let型 （以let开头）,例如：Let me help you. 祈使句的否定结构是以“Don’t＋动词原形”开头.例如： Don’t go there,please． 请别去那儿. Don’t be late． 不要迟到 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. __________ (not, be) late. 2. ____________ (dust) the dr
18、essing table. 3. ____________ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food. 4. ____________ (not, talk) and ____________ (read) a book. 5. ____________ (not, drop) the nice vase, Sam. 6. ____________ (look) out! A car is coming. 7. ____________ (give) us ten years and just see what our
19、country will be like. 8. ____________ (not, let) the baby cry. 9. Open the window and ____________ (shut) the door. 10. Let’s ____________ (sweep) the floor. 根据要求改写句子 1. Will you please read it again more slowly? （改为祈使句） __________ __________ again more slowly, please. 2. Please sit next to Nancy. （改为否定句） __________ __________ next to Nancy. 3. Come to my house tomorrow. （改为否定句） __________ come to my house tomorrow. 4. Wear the glasses! （改为否定句） ___________ wear the glasses! 5. Don’t wash your hands! (改成肯定句) ___________ your hands!
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