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全国通用2023高中英语必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters易混淆知识点
1
单选题
1、We study in a classroom ______ windows face to the south.
A.whoseB.whichC.whereD.that
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:我们在一间窗户朝南的教室里学习。本句考查定语从句,先行词为a classroom,关系词在从句中充当定语成分,表示the classroom's,应用whose。故选A项。
2、Matter is anything ______.
A.that take up space and have weightB.which take up space and have weight
C.that takes up space and has weightD.those take up space and have weight
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:物质是任何占据空间并有重量的东西。分析句子结构可知,anything后跟定语从句,anything是不定代词,其后的关系代词只能用that不能用which,因此排除选项B和D,that指代先行词anything,是不定代词,由is可知,句子时态是一般现在时,因此其后谓语动词用第三人称单数,因此空格处是that takes up space and has weight,故选C。
3、When people talk about the cities of the U.S., the first________comes into mind is New York.
A.oneB.thatC.whichD.of them
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:当人们谈论美国的城市时,首先想到的是纽约。A.one 一个;B.that 那个;C. which 那个;D. of them 他们的。分析句子结构可知,这是一个定语从句,先行词是the first是序数词 ,应该用关系代词that引导从句,且that在从句中作主语。故选B项。
4、I think this is the most interesting story_________is made up by my uncle.
A.whatB.which
C.thatD.as
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:我认为这是我叔叔编的最有趣的故事了。_________could be used to buy clothes for his children.是一个定语从句,由于先行词story在定语从句中作主语,且被形容词的最高级修饰,因此关系代词只能用that,故选C。
5、After several ______ to climb Qomolangma, he finally reached the top of it.
A.attemptsB.attacksC.chaptersD.disasters
答案:A
考查名词词义辨析。句意:经过几次攀登珠峰的尝试,他终于登上了山顶。A. attempts尝试;B. attacks攻击;C. chapters(书的)章,篇,回;D. disasters灾难。根据后文“he finally reached the top of it”可知,他最终到达顶峰,所以应该是经过几次尝试了。故选A项。
6、As a respected zoological institution, SeaWorld not only ________, rehabilitates and returns to nature hundreds of wild animals every year but also generously ________ conservation and scientific research.
A.rescues … focuses onB.rescues … funds
C.releases … focuses onD.releases … funds
答案:B
考查动词词义辨析。句意:作为一个受人尊敬的动物学机构,海洋世界不仅每年拯救、治疗数百种野生动物,让它们回归自然,而且还慷慨资助动物保护和科学研究。rescue搭救,解救;release释放,解放;focus on集中精力于;fund资助。分析句子可知,第一空“解救,治疗和放回自然”符合逻辑顺序,因此填rescue;第二空,根据空前generously可知,此空填拨款,资助。故选B项。
7、The new law has come into ______________ and it will surely ______________ the industry of the country.
A.affect; effectB.effect; effect
C.affect; affectD.effect; affect
答案:D
考查effect和affect的用法。句意:新法律已经生效,它肯定会影响这个国家的工业。come into effect为固定搭配,意为"生效,开始实施";affect"影响";effect作名词讲时,表示"作用,影响";作动词讲时,表示"实现"。第二空助动词will后用动词原形affect,根据句意和分析句子成分可知,D项正确。故选D。
8、He pointed out such a crucial detail about the experiment ______ we could never neglect.
A.asB.thatC.whereD.when
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:他指出有关实验的这样一个我们绝不能忽视的关键细节。根据句意判断先行词为a crucial detail在定语从句中作neglect的宾语,且先行词被such修饰,故用关系代词as。故选A项。
9、Andrew is a brilliant student, ________ is sure to succeed in whatever career he chooses.
A.and whoB.oneC.and oneD.one who
答案:D
考查同位语及定语从句。句意:Andrew是一个聪明的学生,无论他选择什么职业,他都一定会成功。根据句子结构可知,此句是非限制性定语从句。用one作Andrew的同位语,引导词指代one和Andrew,且在从句中作主语,故用who引导定语从句,故选D。
10、The man ________ coat is black is waiting at the gate.
A.who’sB.whoseC.thatD.of which
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:穿黑色外套的那个人正在门口等着。分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是man,关系词在从句中作定语,和coat是所属关系,应用whose引导。故选B项。
11、During the pandemic, all patients and their families, without ________, must carry their ID card and show their health QR code before entering the hospital.
A.permissionB.effortC.exceptionD.access
答案:C
考查名词词义辨析。句意:在疾病大流行期间,所有患者及其家属,无一例外,在进入医院前都必须携带身份证并出示健康二维码。A. permission许可;B. effort努力;C. exception例外;D. access通道。根据句意和句中“all patients and their families”可知,句中强调的是所有患者及其家属,无一例外,“exception”意为“例外”,名词词性,“without exception”意为“无一例外”。故选C项。
12、The prize will go to the writer ________story shows the most imagination.
A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.who
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:该奖将授予故事表现出最丰富想象力的作家。分析句子可知, writer为先行词,作定语从句的定语,关系代词为whose。故选C项。
13、Lack of mutual________not only gets in the way of your work, but it can also________your relationships and your self-esteem.
A.comment … differB.respect … damage
C.benefit … destroyD.expectation … decorate
答案:B
考查动词和名词词义辨析。句意:缺乏相互尊敬不仅会妨碍你的工作,还会损害你的人际关系和自尊。comment“评论”,differ“有区别,有分歧”;respect“尊敬”,damage“损害;伤害”;benefit“益处;好处”,destroy“毁坏”;expectation“期待”,decorate“装饰”。根据句意,相互不尊重会妨碍工作,也会损害人际关系和自尊。故选B。
小提示:
14、I live next door to a couple________ children often make a lot of noise.
A.whyB.whoseC.thatD.which
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:我住在一对夫妇的隔壁,他们的孩子经常很吵闹。此处为定语从句修饰先行词couple,先行词在从句中作定语,用关系代词whose。故选B。
15、Understanding the cultural habits of another nation, especially ________ containing as many different cultures as the United States is a difficult thing.
A.whichB.oneC.thatD.it
答案:B
考查不定代词。句意:要了解一个国家的文化习惯,尤其是像美国这样一个集成了多种文化国家的文化,是很困难的。A. which指代物;B. one一个;C. that指代人或物;D. it它。通过句子结构判断,整句话中只有一个谓语动词is,所以不能使用从句的引导词,排除A和C,同时it指代的是同类同物,表示特指,不符合题意。整个句子的主语是Understanding the cultural habits of another nation,one作为同位语,泛指前文提到的一个国家的文化习惯。后面的containing as many different cultures as the United States是对one进行修饰,使用的是现在分词作后置定语。故选B。
16、The only thing________can be done is to stop them from going there.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.who
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:唯一能做的就是阻止他们去那里。分析句子结构,________can be done是一个定语从句,修饰先行词The only thing,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,当先行词被the only修饰时,用that不用which,故选A。
17、Those ______ achieve great things are the ones willing to be scared but not scared off.
A.whatB.whoC.whichD.whom
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:那些取得伟大成就的人是那些愿意被吓到但不会被吓倒的人。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导的是定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词Those指人,因此空格处用关系代词who,故选B。
18、It is in the hall can house 10,000 people the opening ceremony of the Global 5G Technology Summit will be held.
A.which;thatB.where;thatC.which;whoD.where; whom.
答案:A
考查定语从句和强调句。句意: 全球5G技术峰会的开幕式将在可以容纳10,000人的大厅里举行。分析句子可知, can house 10,000 people是定语从句,修饰the hall,指物,从句中做主语,用关系代词which或that, 故排除B、D项;因为the opening ceremony of the Global 5G Technology Summit will be held in the hall是完整的句子,故是强调句型,强调地点状语 in the hall can house 10,000 people。故第二空用that,综上,故选A。
小提示:定语从句中关系词的选择可考虑以下三点:
(1) 一看先行词的意义,即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom,指人时通常不用which等。
(2) 二看关系词的句法功能,即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分,是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose,有时也用which;作状语要用when, where, why。
(3) 三看定语从句的种类,即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句。
例如第一空,分析句子可知, can house 10,000 people是定语从句, 修饰the hall, 指物, 从句中做主语, 用关系代词which或that。
19、From monuments ________define history, to towering skyscrapers, to a little red lighthouse under a huge suspension bridge, you’ll be treated to spectacular views.
A.whenB.thatC.whereD.whose
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:从定义历史的纪念碑,到高耸的摩天大楼,到巨大吊桥下的红色小灯塔,您将看到壮观的景色。此处为定语从句修饰先行词monuments,先行词在从句中作主语,指物,故用关系代词that或which引导。故选B。
20、Public schools in the United States have to be neutral about religion ______ they close for holidays like Christmas.
A.in caseB.as ifC.in thatD.even though
答案:D
考查让步状语从句。句意:美国的公立学校必须在宗教问题上保持中立,即使他们会在圣诞节这样的节日关闭。A.in case 以防;B.as if 似乎;好像;C.in that因为; D.even though即使。结合句意可知,学校在像圣诞节这样的节日会停课,美国必须对宗教保持中立。所以空白处与前文为让步关系,选项D符合题意,故选D。
完成句子
21、我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的所有的朋友。
I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案: I have made over the years
考查定语从句和时态。 all the friends为先行词,根据所给汉语意思后面需要一个定语从句来修饰先行词,即“我这些年来交到的”译为I have made over the years,其中先行词all the friends在定语从句中作made的宾语,关系代词用whom,关系词在定语从句中作宾语时常常省略,从句的时间状语为over the years,所以定语从句时态为现在完成时。故填I have made over the years。
22、她说起来就好像她见过钟南山一样。
She talked ________ ________ she had met Zhong Nanshan.
答案: as if##though
考查固定短语和虚拟语气。对比中英文句子可知,空格处意为“好像”,是固定短语as if/though,故填as,if/though。
23、在紧急情况下,我们应该保持镇静,这点至关重要。
We should ______________ in case of emergency, which matters much.
答案:calm ourselves down
考查固定短语。固定短语:calm down 冷静下来;根据汉语提示,本句主语为we,宾语也是说我们,所以宾语用ourselves,据此可知,空白处填calm ourselves down,故填calm ourselves down。
24、After the terrible earthquake, the homeless need___________________.
可怕的地震过后,无家可归的人不仅需要食物和水,还需要合适的住所。
答案:not only food and water but also proper shelter
考查并列连词和名词。根据句意,空处应用并列连词“not only…but also”并列名词“食物和水”food and water(不可数名词)和名词短语“合适的住所”proper shelter(此处shelter为抽象名词,不可数)。故填not only food and water but also proper shelter。
25、此次地震中丧生或身受重伤的人数超过了40万。
The number of people___________in the quake ___________.
答案: who were killed or badly injured was more than 400,000
考查定语从句和主谓一致。结合原句,分析句子可知,全句讲述过去的事情,用一般过去时;“地震中丧生或身受重伤的”是定语,修饰名词people,可表达为限制性定语从句:who were killed or badly injured in the quake,其中关系代词who代替先行词people在从句中作主语,谓语动词应用复数形式,所以be动词用were;第二空中,因主语是“the number of + 复数名词”,视为单数,所以be动词用was,“超过40万”用more than 400,000表示。故填①who were killed or badly injured;②was more than 400,000。
26、他写了一本书,我忘记了书的名字。
He has written a book ________ I’ve forgotten.
答案:whose name
考查定语从句。表示“书的名字”用a book’s name,分析可知,空白及之后的内容为定语从句,先行词为a book,作name的定语,所以关系词用whose,结合汉语提示,故填whose name
27、________(万一遇到紧急情况), break the glass and press the button. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
答案:In case of emergency
考查介词短语。句意:万一遇到紧急情况,击碎玻璃按下按钮。表示“万一”用介词短语in case of,后接名词;“紧急情况”用名词emergency表示,在表示紧急情况的时候emergency为不可数名词;句首单词首字母要用大写。故填In case of emergency。
28、只有那些有很多共同之处的人才能相处得好。
Only those _________________________________ can get along well.
答案:who have much/a lot in common
考查定语从句。结合汉语提示可知,此处为含有who引导的定语从句,其内容为“那些有很多共同之处的人”,分析可知,those为先行词,在从句中作主语,所以空处为用关系代词who引导的定语从句。表示“有很多共同之处”用have much/a lot in common,故填who have much/a lot in common。
29、The economy is beginning to_________(复苏). (根据汉语意思完成句子)
答案:revive
考查非谓语动词。句意:经济开始复苏。revive意为“复苏”,分析句子结构,begin to do为固定用法,意为“开始做”,设空出需填动词原形和to构成动词不定式作宾语。故填revive。
30、多达100,000人观看了这场拳击赛。
________________ 100,000 people watched the boxing game.
答案:As many as
考查固定短语。根据汉语提示可知,此处需要翻译“多达”,且修饰可数名词people,应用固定短语as many as。位于句首首字母大写。故填As many as。
语法填空
31、Soon after the quake, one thousand soldiers were sent out to rescue the miners ________ the local coal mine. (用适当的词填空)
答案:from
考查固定短语和介词。句意:地震发生后不久,一千名士兵被派出去把矿工从当地的煤矿里营救出来。根据句意可知,空格处涉及固定短语“rescue…from…”,意为“从……中营救……”,句中指“从煤矿里营救矿工”,from意为“从……”,介词词性。故填from。
32、It is hard to imagine the pain and _______________(suffer) these poor people went through during the winter months. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:sufferings
考查名词。句意:很难想象这些可怜的人在冬天经历的痛苦和苦难。作宾语,表示“苦难”应用复数名词sufferings。故填sufferings。
33、It is my father _____________ will have a face-to-face talk with me. (用适当的词填空)
答案:that##who
考查强调句。句意:是我的父亲将和我进行一次面对面的谈话。去掉it is和空处,剩下的成分可以构成完整的句子,可知为强调句:It is/ was + 被强调部分+ that/ who + 其它部分,被强调部分为my father,故填that/who。
34、There are many people________ only online activity is sending and receiving e-mails. (用适当的词填空)
答案:whose
考查定语从句。句意:有许多人的唯一在线活动是发送和接收电子邮件。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,people是先行词,它和activity构成所属关系,因此使用whose引导定语从句,它在从句中作定语修饰activity,故填whose。
35、The boy and the dog ________ are in the picture are very lovely. (按要求补全句子)
答案:that
考查定语从句。句意:照片里的男孩和狗都很可爱。此处为定语从句修饰先行词The boy and the dog,先行词在从句中作主语,且既有人又有物,只能用that引导。故填that。
36、A country _______ gains independence has its own government and is not ruled by any other country. (用适当的词填空)
答案:that##which
考查限制性定语从句。句意:一个获得独立的国家有自己的政府,不受任何其他国家的统治。分析句子可知,空处引导限制性定语从句,代替指物的先行词country,在从句中充当主语,应用关系代词that或者which。故填that/which。
37、Our government has taken ________ (effect) measures to ban drunken driving. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:effective
考查形容词。句意:我国政府已采取有效措施禁止酒后驾驶。空后的measures是名词形式,所以设空处应填形容词作定语修饰measures。根据句意,故填effective。
38、It’s great that all the visitors who ________ (trap) on the island were saved. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:had been trapped
考查谓语动词。句意:岛上所有的游客都得救了,真是太好了。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里考查who引导的定语从句的谓语动词,动词trap发生在were saved之前,表示过去的过去发生的动作,所以用过去完成时,句子主语who(指先行词visitors)和动词trap是被动关系,所以用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been trapped。
39、After he retired, the old man did all he could to protect the old temple from ________ (damage). (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:being damaged
考查非谓语动词。句意:在他退休之后,老人尽其所能去保护旧庙不被损坏。固定短语protect...from doing“使……免受,保护”,the old temple与damage是逻辑动宾关系,应用被动语态,因此使用动名词的被动式。故填being damaged。
40、He said they did not want war-but if attacked they would fight to the _______(die). (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:death
考查名词。句意:他说他们不想要战争——但如果受到攻击,他们会战斗到死。分析句子,设空处应该使用die的名词death作宾语,抽象概念,不可数。故填death。
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