2022届高考英语一轮总复习-必修一-Unit-4-Earthquakes学案新人教版.doc

2022届高考英语一轮总复习 必修一 Unit 4 Earthquakes学案新人教版2022届高考英语一轮总复习 必修一 Unit 4 Earthquakes学案新人教版年级：姓名：Unit 4Earthquakes必备知识盘点夯基 BI BEI ZHI SHI PAN DIAN HANG JI单词立体巧记写准记牢语境运用核心单词1_burst_ vi 爆裂；爆发n突然破裂；爆发2_disaster_ n灾难；灾祸3_rescue_ n& vt援救；营救4_bury_ vt埋葬；掩埋；隐藏5_destroy_ vt破坏；毁坏；消灭6_damage_ n& vt损失；损害7_ruin_ n废墟；毁灭vt毁灭；使破产8_trap_ vt 使陷入困境n陷阱；困境9_electricity_ n电；电流；电学10_sincerely_ adv真诚地；真挚地11_judge_ n裁判员；法官vt断定；判断；判决12_shelter_ n 掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处1(2020新高考卷)The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek _shelter_(掩蔽处) during the daytime 2(2020全国卷)I have a very strong fear that the lie were telling is doing spiritual _damage_(伤害) to our children 3She hid her face in her hands and _burst_ (burst) into tears4_Buried_ (bury) in his study, he didnt notice the other classmates had left5 (2018北京卷)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _had been trapped_ (trap) in the mountains for two days6This is one of the worst natural _disasters_ (disaster) ever to hit the area7 The earthquake was so big that most of the houses in the small village were completely _destroyed_ (destroy) 8 Luckily, my kind neighbor _rescued_ (rescue) a little girl from drowning last night拓展单词1_nation_ n民族；国家；国民_national_adj民族的；国家的；国民的_nationality_ n国籍2_shock_vt& vi(使)震惊；震动 n休克；打击；震惊_shocking_adj令人震惊的_shocked_ adj感到震惊的3_injure_ vt损害；伤害_injury_ n伤害；损害_injured_ adj受伤的4_express_ vt表示；表达 n快车；速递_expression_n表达；表情5_frighten_ vt使惊吓；吓唬_frightened_adj受惊的；受恐吓的_frightening_adj令人恐惧的6_congratulation_ n祝贺_congratulate_ vt祝贺7_extreme_ adj极度的_extremely_ adv极度地8_dirt_ n污垢；泥土_dirty_ adj脏的，肮脏的9_mine_ n矿；矿山；矿井_miner_n 矿工10_useless_ adj无用的；无益的_useful_ adj有用的1 After seeing the _frightening_ film, the _frightened_ boy was too _frightened_to walk home alone in the dark (frighten)2 The headmaster wrote a letter to _congratulate_ her on her good performance and the exciting _congratulations_ encouraged her greatly (congratulate)3 The earthquake _ruined_ our village completely, only leaving it in _ruins_，but it couldnt _ruin_ our dream and hope (ruin)4We were _shocked_ at the _shocking_ news that he died suddenly yesterday (shock)5Rescuers said the _injured_ were taken to a hospital nearby, and fortunately the _injury_was not serious, not life threatening (injure)联想积累：1“-ing/-ed”结尾的形容词聚焦2“AAA”式不规则动词变化burstburstburst 爆裂；爆发costcostcost花费putputput 放下hurthurthurt 伤害shutshutshut关闭hithithit打cutcutcut砍，切forecastforecastforecast预报3“adj-ityn荟萃”electricity 电；电流；电学popularity 受欢迎；流行reality 现实similarity 相似点security 安全equality 平等4“自然灾害”大聚焦disaster n灾难；灾祸earthquake n地震drought n干旱；旱灾hurricane n飓风短语语境助记写准记牢语境运用1_right away_立刻；马上2_as if_仿佛；好像3_at an end_ 结束；终结4_in ruins_严重受损；破败不堪5_dig out_掘出；发现6_a (great) number of_许多；大量的7_cut off_切断8_be trapped in_陷入9_be buried in_埋头于 10_judging from_从判断11_give out_分发；用尽；用完12_in the open air_在户外语境运用1There were _a great number of_ children playing on the playground when we arrived2The rescuers _gave out_ food supplies and tents to the survivors of the earthquake3The soldiers were working hard _to dig out_ the people who were trapped in the fallen building4Thank God! Our todays hard work is _at an end_ and we can now have a short rest and then dinner5 Im sorry that I forgot to bring your medicine downstairs; I will go upstairs and get it _right away_6_Judging from_ his look, he doesnt think much of our plan句式运用速记背会原句知晓考点我会仿用1In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat在农家院里，鸡甚至连猪都紧张得不想吃食。tooto意为“太而不能”，表示否定意义。1(2018北京卷书面表达)正如谚语所说，活到老学到老。As the old saying goes, “Its never _too late to learn_”2It seemed as if the world was at an end!世界好像到了末日！as if“好像”后常接表语从句或方式状语从句，若表示非真实情况用虚拟语气。2(上海卷写作)孩子们尊敬她就像她是他们的妈妈。The kids looked up to her _as if/though she were their own mother_3All hope was not lost并不是所有的希望都破灭了。本句是部分否定。AllnotNot all“并不是所有的都”。3(上海卷写作)但是，并非所有的孩子都认为父母以他们为荣。However, _not all children_ consider that their parents are proud of them核心素养精讲层练 HE XIN SU YANG JING JIANG CENG LIAN1burst v (burst，burst) (使)爆裂；突发n突发；爆裂归纳拓展(1)burst in 闯进来；突然插嘴burst into 突然爆发；闯入(2)burst into laughterburst out laughing 放声大笑burst into tearsburst out crying 放声大哭burst with anger/joy勃然大怒/乐不可支(3)a burst of一阵；突然爆发巧学助记burst的多层含义层级训练夯基完成句子。Upon his appearance there was _a burst of applause_他一出现就爆发了一阵掌声。Hearing the bad news, he _burst with anger_ and decided to take action to fight back听到这个坏消息，他勃然大怒，并决定采取行动反击。The police _burst in_ and arrested the thief警察突然闯进来，逮捕了小偷。提能一句多译。这个可爱的小男孩竟然当众哭了起来，这让所有的宾客哄堂大笑。The lovely boy _burst into tears_ in public, which made all the guests _burst into laughter_ (burst into)The lovely boy _burst out crying_ in public, which made all the guests _burst out laughing_(burst out)2injure vt伤害；使受伤；损害词汇拓展injured adj受伤的injury n伤；伤口；伤害用法归纳injure sb伤害某人injure sbs leg/arm/eye/knee伤害某人的腿/胳膊/眼睛/膝盖injure sbs reputation/figure/feelings, etc损害某人的名誉/形象/伤害某人的感情等be/get seriously/slightly injured 受重/轻伤the injured伤员；伤者易混辨析injure多指意外事故造成的伤害，也可指对名誉、地位的损害wound指人在战斗、攻击中受伤，身体上出现明显的伤口，多指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤hurt多指精神上受到伤害，也可指身体上的疼痛harm指身体或精神上的损害或对周围事物的危害。意为“伤害，损害，有害于”。常用短语do harm to “对有害”巧学助记层级训练夯基单句语法填空。Though _injured_(injure) in the leg, the soldier fought to the endHe suffered serious _injuries_(injure) to the arms and shouldersThe _injured_(injure) were successfully rescued from the ruins夯基用injure, wound, hurt, harm的正确形式填空。He claimed that working too hard was _harming_ his healthHe died of a single gunshot _wound_ to the left side of his headWhat he said _hurt_ me deeplyOne of the players _injured_ his knee and had to be carried off(2018北京卷)By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once _injured_ ankle _hurt_ badly提能补全句子/句式升级。My left foot _was seriously injured_ (严重受伤)，so I cant go with you as planned_With my left foot seriously injured_，I cant go with you as planned(with复合结构)3ruin nU毁灭；毁坏；崩溃；常用复数废墟；遗迹vt(使)毁坏； 毁灭；成为废墟； 使破产归纳拓展(1)lie/be in ruins 成为废墟come/go/fall to ruin毁灭；灭亡 ；崩溃bringto ruin 使毁灭；使没落；使破产(2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己； 自取灭亡ruin ones health/fame/future毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途巧学助记层级训练夯基单句语法填空。(北京卷)When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in _ruins_ (ruin)It rained for two weeks on end, completely _ruining_ (ruin) our holidayIf youre addicted to playing computer games, youll ruin _yourself_提能一句多译。他犯了个错误，这让他失去了出国的机会。He made a mistake, _which ruined his chance_of going abroad(定语从句)He made a mistake, _ruining his chance_ of going abroad(分词作状语)4judge n裁判员；法官vt断定；判决；判断词汇拓展judg(e)ment n判断make a judgement about 对作出评价用法归纳judge sb/sthby/from 以判断某人/某事judging from/by 从判断 (常作插入语使用)judge sb/sth(to be) good/bad/fair认定某人/某事好/坏/公平as far as sbcan judge 据某人判断温馨提示judging from/by置于句首作状语。v-ing形式不受主语的限制，构成独立成分。类似用法的词或短语还有：generally speaking一般来说；frankly speaking坦白地说；considering考虑到。层级训练夯基单句语法填空。(2018江苏卷)The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly _judged_ (judge)Im writing to invite you to be _a_ judge at our English speech contest to be held in our school on June 15_Judging_ (judge) from the above story, we can draw the conclusion that we cant judge a book _by/from_ its cover提能完成句子。_As far as I can judge_，he will refuse to _make a judgement about_ the present situation据我判断，他会拒绝评价目前的形势。5bury vt埋葬，掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心；插入，刺入归纳拓展(1)bury ones head/face in hands双手抱头/掩面(2)be buried inbury oneself in专心于be buried in thought沉思名师点津表示“专心于；致力于”的短语还有：be devoted tobe lost/engaged/absorbed infocus/concentrate onfix/concentrate ones attention on层级训练夯基单句语法填空。He walked slowly, his hand _buried_ (bury) in his pocket_Burying_ (bury) his face in his hands, he tried to control his weepingShe sat there and said nothing, _buried_ (bury) in thought提能句式升级。Because she buried herself in the film, she didnt know it was snowing outside_Burying herself in the film_，she didnt know it was snowing outside(用现在分词短语作状语改写)_Buried in the film_，she didnt know it was snowing outside(用过去分词短语作状语改写)6at an end 终结；结束归纳拓展(1)bring to an end 使终止come to an end 结束put an end to使终止(2)make (both) ends meet 量入为出；收支相抵(3)at the end of 在末端；在结束时by the end of 到末为止in the end 最后；最终(4)end up with以结束/告终 end up doing sth以做结束温馨提示at an end后不可接of；at the end of中的of不可省略，后面既可接时间名词，也可接地点名词；by the end of后面接表示时间的名词，谓语要与完成时连用；by the end of过去时间，谓语用过去完成时；by the end of将来时间，谓语用将来完成时。层级训练夯基单句语法填空。By the end of next week, I _will have finished_ (finish) most of the work(2020新高考卷读后续写)Many of their families were struggling to make _ends_(end)meet(2020新高考卷)His visit, however, ended up _involving_(involve)a lot more than that提能一句多译。会议结束了，我们离开了会议室。The meeting _was at an end and we left the meeting room_(at)The meeting _came to an end and we left the meeting room_(come)We _put an end to the meeting and left the meeting room_(put)We _brought the meeting to an end and left the meeting room_(bring)7a great number of 许多；大量归纳拓展(1)(2)(3)(4)名师点津large quantities of后跟名词(可数或不可数)作主语，谓语动词一律用复数。large amounts of后跟不可数名词作主语，谓语动词也用复数形式。the number of后跟可数名词复数作主语，表示“的数量”，谓语动词用单数。层级训练夯基单句语法填空。A large number of books _have been stolen_ (steal) from the library so farThe number of trees larger than two feet across _has declined_ (decline) by 50 percent in recent yearsMore than one doctor _was involved_ (involve) in the rescue that took place after the earthquakeOne survey shows that large amounts of water _are wasted_(waste) every year in China, and that one third is available to be savedLarge quantities of land in the area _have been reserved_ (reserve) for national parks these years, which _are_ (be) now home to bears, wolves, and other wild animalsA great deal of money _was donated_ (donate) to a university by an ordinary worker, which aroused public attention提能单句写作。_With more and more forests being destroyed，large quantities of good soil are being washed away every year_因为越来越多的树木被破坏，每年都会冲走大量土壤。8In the farmyard, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat在农家院里，鸡甚至连猪都紧张得不想吃食。tooadj/adv(for sb) to do sth“(对某人来说)太不能”，表示否定意义。归纳拓展tooto在下列情况下表示肯定意义：当too前面有副词far，much，but，only修饰，此结构没有否定意义，而表示肯定。too后面的形容词表示心情或描绘性形容词的时候，如happy，pleased，willing，thankful，delighted，anxious，eager，kind，good等，表示肯定意义。tooto中的too前面有never，cant等时，此结构为双重否定表示肯定。canttoo/enough表示“无论也不为过”。层级训练夯基完成句子。(牛津高阶)Its _too late to do_ anything about it now现在进行任何补救都为时已晚。You _cant be too careful_ while driving a car在开车时，你越小心越好。He is only _too delighted to_ accept your invitation他非常高兴地接受了你的邀请。Upon hearing the teachers talk, the children probably felt that it sounded _too good to be true_听到老师的话，孩子们很可能觉得事情听起来太好了而有些不太真实。(天津高考)I hate it when she calls me at workIm always _too busy to carry on_ a conversation with her我讨厌在我工作时她打电话过来，我总是忙得不能和她交谈。提能翻译句子。(全国卷)In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldnt get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own_在20世纪60年代，我们都有些狂野，为了证明我们能够独立，我们觉得离家越远越好，离家越快越好。_(2020全国卷)Nothing is too small to celebrate_没有什么事是太小而不值得庆祝的。/任何事都是值得庆祝的。_9It seemed as if the world was at an end世界好像到了末日。It seems/looks as if “似乎/好像”。as if引导表语从句。归纳拓展(1)as if从句用陈述语气从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的(2)as if从句用虚拟语气从句所述不真实或极少有可能发生从句用一般过去时(与现在的事实相反)从句用过去完成时(与过去的事实相反)从句用would/could/might do形式(与将来的事实相反)温馨提示as if亦可换为as though。如果as if引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词，可省略主语和be动词，这样as if后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。层级训练夯基单句语法填空。Dont handle the vase as if it _were_(be) made of steelThe man I followed suddenly stopped as if _to see_(see) if he was going in the right directionLook! Dark clouds are gatheringIt looks as if it _is_(be) going to rainThey were waving to us as if _saying_(say) good-byeWhen a pencil is partly put into a glass of water, it looks as if it _were broken_(break)夯基单句改错。The driver was lying on the ground as if injuring seriously_injuringinjured_提能单句写作。(福建高考书面表达)一对年轻夫妇坐在船上吃着东西，说着话，大笑着，好像他们是这世界上仅有的人。A young couple in a boat were eating, talking and laughing loudly _as if they were the only people in the world_10All hope was not lost并不是所有的希望都破灭了。部分否定allnotnot all，意为“并非所有的都”。温馨提示(1)当not与all，both，complete，each，every，everyone，everything，everywhere, whole等具有全部意义的不定代词或形容词连用时，无论not的位置如何，皆表示不完全否定，意为“并非都”。(2)none，neither，no，no one，nothing，nowhere等表示完全否定。层级训练夯基完成句子。(2018天津卷阅读)_Not everybody_ can do that it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy不是所有人都能做这件事它需要好多年的经验，但是打印机使这项工作变得容易了。I agree with most of what you said, but I _dont agree with everything/all_我同意你讲的大多数内容，但并非同意你讲的全部。_Nothing in the world is difficult_ if one sets his mind to it世上无难事，只怕有心人。提能句式升级。Not everything she did pleased him(改为全否定)_Nothing she did pleased him_Both of them are not my brothers (改为全否定)_Neither of them is my brother_高效演练素能提升 GAO XIAO YAN LIAN SU NENG TI SHENG单句语法填空1_Buried_(bury) in a classic detective novel, the landlord didnt notice a thief was creeping up to his bedroom解析：考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：因为全神贯注于一部经典侦探小说，房东没有注意到一个贼正在蹑手蹑脚地向他的卧室走去。句子主语the landlord与bury构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式Buried。2_Judging_(judge) from _the_ number of cars, he thought there were many people at the shop解析：考查固定短语。句意：根据车的数量看，他认为商店里有很多人。judging from“从来看；根据来判断”；the number of可数名词复数表示“的数目”。故填Judging；the。3(北京卷)If you dont understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people _until_ you figure it out解析：考查状语从句连接词。句意：如果不了解某个事物，你可以研究、学习、与他人探讨，直到(until)弄清楚。until“直到为止”，引导时间状语从句，符合语境。故填until。4(2019全国卷)Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up _becoming_ (become)an invaluable member of the team 解析：考查固定句式。end up doing意为“结果”，故填becoming。5It was a really _frightening_(frighten) experienceAfterwards everybody was very _shock