上海牛津英语高一上U1-2语言点-keys.doc

上海牛津英语 高一（上）语言点S1A U1-U2S1A U1 Body LanguageI. Reading1. well-dressed adj. 穿着讲究的构词知识：副词+过去分词=形容词 a well-known fact 众所周知的事实 a well-paid job 高薪的工作 a newly-born baby 新生的宝宝2. glance v. & n. 匆匆一看glance at = cast a glance atHe glanced at his watch to see if he had enough time to catch the flight.I had no time so I just cast a glance at the headlines of the newspaper.3. senior adj. 级别高的；年长的级别高的军官 a senior officer 老年公民senior citizens4. prefer v. 宁可；更喜欢prefer sth.to sth.比起喝咖啡我更喜欢喝茶。I prefer tea to coffee.prefer doing to doing我更喜欢走路而不是骑车。I prefer walking to cycling.prefer to do我们宁可在外吃饭。We prefer to eat out.prefer to do rather than do= would do rather than do= would rather do than do他宁愿看电视而不愿听音乐。He prefers to watch television rather than listen to the radio.5. communicate v. 交流，与联系communicate with sb.与交流人们通过各种方式来相互交流。People communicate with each other in various municate sth. to sb. 肢体语言有助于演讲者将想法清楚地传达给听众。Body language helps the speaker to communicate his ideas to the listeners munication n. 交流，传达，通信；（s）通讯设施6. appearance n. 外表；出现以貌取人是不对的。Its not good to judge people by appearance.appear v.出现，显得，好像It appears that= sth./sb. appear to do 似乎她好像有很多朋友。It appears that she has many friends.She appears to have many friends.There appear(s) to be 似乎有(appear单复数看后面的名词)看来一直就有错. There appears to have been a mistake.It appears that there has been a mistake. 7. impression n. 印象leave/ have/ make a impression on sb. 你对北京的第一印象是什么？What were your first impressions of Beijing?你说话的方式给顾客留下了好印象The way you speak leaves a good impression on the customers.impress v. 给 . 以深刻印象impress sb. with sth. 给 . 以深刻印象She impressed me with her elegance.= Her elegance left me a good impression.sth. deeply impress sb.= sb. be deeply impressed by sth.某事物给某人留下深刻印象上海近十年的巨变给我留下了深刻的印象。The great changes in Shanghai in the past decade have deeply impressed me.I have been deeply impressed by the great changes in Shanghai in the past decade.impressive adj. 令人难忘的令人难忘的仪式an impressive ceremony令人难忘的讲话an impressive speech8. without hesitation 毫不犹豫他毫不犹豫地接受了我的邀请。He accepted the invitation without hesitation. hesitate v. 犹豫, 迟疑不决hesitate to do当你有麻烦的时候就来找我，不要犹豫。 Never hesitate to turn to me when you are in trouble.9. remark v. / n. 说，评论remark on / upon 就 发表看法，评论评论他的外表是不对的。Its not right to remark on his appearance.remarkable adj. 显著的，非凡的10. remind v. 提醒remind sb. of/ to do/ that 这个故事让我想起我的童年。（of）This story reminds me of my childhood.请提醒我明天给我母亲写信。（to）Please remind me to write to my mother tomorrow.妈妈提醒我上午8点和牙医有约。My mum reminds me that I will have an appointment with the dentist at 8 a.m.reminder n.提醒记忆之物(便条，信件等)This is just a reminder to let you know that Marys arriving on Saturday.II. More Reading1. far adj. 远（比较级、最高级有两种：farther, farthest表距离，further, furthest表程度）be far (away) from 远离他们的新房子离学校很远。Their new house is far from the school.far from远非他在演讲比赛中的表现远不令人满意。His performance in the speech competition is far from satisfactory.as/so far as 到程度；就而言As far as I know, it is convenient to do shopping in that small city. so far 到目前为止I have read over 20 English novels so far. far adv.很，极；修饰比较级。结果比我预想的好得多。It turned out far better than I had expected. faraway adj. 遥远的遥远的地方a faraway place 遥远的未来the faraway futurefar-reaching adj.（影响等）深远的，广泛的far-reaching influence/ effect 深远的影响2. contact n. 接触，联系 vt. 与接触，与联系eye contact 眼神交流与某人保持联系keep in contact with sb. 与某人取得联系 get in contact with sb. 与某人有联系 be in contact with sb.与某人失去联系 (状态)be out of contact with sb. (动作)lose contact with sb.contact sb.联络某人= get in contact with sb.如有疑问，可随时通过电话或电子邮件和我们联系。If there is any doubt, you can contact us by phone or by email at any time.3. key n. 钥匙，关键成功的关键是努力而非天赋。The key to success is hard work rather than talent.英语中讲某某的东西一般要用of，而key, entrance, answer, solution则多用to。4. bore vt. 使厌烦bored adj.感到厌烦的be bored with对感到厌烦一直要想方设法讨好老板，真让我厌烦。Im really bored with trying every means to please my boss all the time.boring adj.令人厌烦的 a boring film5. confuse vt. 使混淆，使混乱；使困惑，使糊涂confuse A with B 把A与B混淆confuse quantity with quality将数量与质量混为一谈confused adj.困惑的，糊涂的confusing adj.令人困惑的，令人糊涂的confusion n.混淆，困惑，糊涂6. maintain vt. 维持，维修，维护，保养maintain the balance of nature 保持自然界的平衡maintain the stability of prices 维持物价稳定maintain his car very well 把他的车保养得很好7. consider v. 认为；考虑；细想consider (as/to be) 把看作Mary被看作办理歌唱的最好的人。Mary was considered as the best singer of the class.能受邀出席晚宴，我深感荣幸。I consider it a great honor to be invited to dinner.Jean感觉自己非常幸运。Jean considered herself (to be) very lucky. consider doing考虑做我们考虑搬家到西雅图。（Seattle）Were considering moving to Seattle. all things considered 综观一切（作状语）综观一切，中国仍然不能取消高考。All things considered, College Entrance Examination can still not be cancelled in China.consideration n.考虑take into consideration 把考虑在内=take into accountconsiderable adj. (数量、程度等)相当大的，可观的一大笔财产a considerable fortune8. lack n./vt.缺乏lack （n.）of 缺乏, 缺少Stress and tiredness often result in a lack of concentration（注意力不集中）.for lack of因为缺乏The plant died for lack of water（因为缺水）.lack (vt.) sth.=be lacking in sth. Though she lacked money(尽管缺钱), she managed to send her son to university.Though she was lacking in money(尽管缺钱), she managed to send her son to university.9. avoid vt. 避免avoid sth./doing 避免做She braked suddenly and avoided an accident(避免了事故). She tried to avoid answering my questions（回避我的问题）.10. authority 权力He had authority over all the people in the company before he retired.in authority 掌权的The problem was solved because those in authority responded wisely.S1A U2 Care for hairI. Reading1. care n. 照顾，关心，小心 v.照顾，关心，介意take care of 照顾take care (not to do) 小心，注意（不要）Care for 喜欢, 对感兴趣, 照料Care about 在乎,在意,关心Exercises:1) He doesnt care _ his performance.2) “ How about going for the movies!” “ I dont _ movies.”3) Her life was devoted to caring _ the sick and needy.2. suit vt. 合适、适合1) to be appropriate for sb. or sth. 适合，中意Note: suit 通常指衣服颜色、款式等适合某人 fit 指东西的大小、尺寸合适A size 42 shirt fits you.42号的衬衣适合你。Casual clothes dont suit him. 休闲装不适合他。suitable adj.适合的be suitable for sth. or sb.Is she suitable for the job?3. guarantee vt. 保证guarantee (sb.) sth./ to do/ thatDriving after drinking wont guarantee safety(保证安全). Even if you get the master degree, I cant guarantee you a well-paid job(保证你有高薪工作).The police guarantee to free the suspect（保证释放嫌疑犯） only if he tells them the truth. guarantee n.保证，担保There is no guarantee that they will succeed. 不能保证他们会成功. 4. This will make your hair soft and shiny.make 使役动词，使某人做某事，使某事发生make+o.（宾语）+v.（原形）make the machine workmake me feel happymake+o.+c.(补语，adj.和n.)make me angrymake the kitchen bigger5. balance n.平衡 v.使平衡；权衡；比较keep/destroy the balance of nature 保持/破坏生态平衡We should maintain a balance between work and play.（劳逸结合）imbalance n.不平衡6. in addition 此外介词短语，作副词用，相当于词组as well，一般位于两个句子中间或位于句末。There are many shops around the railway station. In addition, there are some newly-built hotels there.in addition to 除之外，还（to 为介词）短语介词（介词词组），相当于as well as和 besidesIn addition to English, he has to study a second foreign language. They have one hour to read newspapers in addition to their ordinary work.7. apply v.1)敷用，涂抹The nurse has applied some medicine to his wound.2) 申请apply to sb. for sth.She has applied to the company for a position as a secretary.(向这家公司社情担任秘书)apply to把应用于（to为介词）apply theory to practice 把理论应用于实践application: n. 申请书There are more than 300 applications for the post of head teacher.8. loosen v.（使）变松，松开Its too hot, and he loosened his tie. 天气太热，他松开了他的领带。后缀-en加在某些形容词或名词后构成动词 widen sharpen shorten strengthen lengthen前缀en-加在名词或形容词上转变成动词 enlarge enable endanger9. set v. (-tt-)放置，设置，日月落下 n.一套set about doing= set out to do 着手做You cant set about writing your paper before you have collected all the data and information.(着手写论文)set aside 留出、拨出（时间、金钱）I try to set aside some time every day to do exercise. set off/out 出发He set off without breakfast.他没吃早饭就出发了。set up建立a set of 一套setting n.（小说等的）背景II. More Reading1. ensure v. 保证, 确保ensure sth. 保证某事ensure sb. sth. 确保某人某事ensure that 保证ensure sb. from/against sth. 保证某人不发生某事We must ensure the purity of drinking water.This medicine will ensure you a good nights sleep.Please ensure that all lights are switched off at night.词义辨析：Ensure (确保，保证, make certain)I want to ensure that nothing will go wrong tomorrowAssure (确保；向某人保证， make sb. believe sth.)I want to assure you that nothing will go wrong tomorrowI can assure you of my full support for your plan.Weeks of practice ensured/assured success in the match. Insure 为保险； 投保 The owner insured the house for $4,000.She insured her car against theft.guarantee 对事物的品质或人的行为做出“保证”The camera is guaranteed for one year. 2. adequate adj. 足够的 Martin decided that he had no adequate proof.enoughsufficientadequate三个分别表示:足够可能有盈余足够刚刚好enough: 最普通用词，口语、书面语可用，较侧重分量或数量的足够，多指希望的满足。sufficient: 正式用词，侧重数目或数量或程度达到某一特定要求或需要。adequate: 指数量上足够，质量上适当。3. rob v. 抢劫, 掠夺 rob sb. of sth.那位富太太被抢去了全部的财务。The rich lady was robbed of all her possessions.多次失败已经使他丧失了自信心。 Many failures have robbed him of his self-confidence.4. sure adj.确信的 adv.的确，当然be sure of/that/wh-We are sure of his innocence.We are sure that he is innocent.We are not sure whether the house price will go up or not.be sure to do sth (口语)一定要，务必做某事Be sure to let us know whether you will come to the party tomorrow evening. make sure that/wh-Make sure you will arrive here at noon.for sure必定综合练习1. 在公众场合，用手机大声打电话被认为是粗鲁的，并且要避免。（consider）In public places, talking loudly on the mobile phone is considered rude and should be avoided. 2. 事实上，我更喜欢和有礼貌的人交谈。( prefer)As a matter of fact, I prefer to talk/talking with the polite people. 3. 孩子对父母说话的方式应该表现出尊重 (the way).The way children talk to their parents should show respect.4.他走进房间时，她朝他看了一眼，又深深地叹了口气。（as; sigh）As he entered the room, she glanced at him and then sighed deeply.5.给别人留下好印象的关键就是注意你交流的方式 (key, impression)The key to leaving others a good impression is to pay attention to the way you communicate. 6.在西方文化中，交谈时保持眼神交流是必要的。（maintain）In western cultures, maintaining eye contact in conversations is necessary.7.老师常常提醒我们要毫不犹豫地向她寻求帮助，并且她总是使我们感到受欢迎。（remind）Our teacher often reminds us to go to her for assistance without hesitation and she always makes us (feel) welcome. 8.如果你不知道解决这些问题的关键是什么，请直接问我。（key, hesitate）If you dont know the key to these problems, dont hesitate to ask me.9.经理叫他的秘书提醒他下周参加一个重要会议。（remind）The manager asked his secretary to remind him to attend an important meeting next week.10.一定要选择合适你发质的护发用品。（sure）Be sure to choose the hair products that suit your type of hair.11.由于缺乏有效的教学经验，他没能得到那份工作。（for lack of）He didnt get that job for lack of effective teaching experience.12.多喝水能防止头发变得干燥。（keep .from）Drinking more water will keep your hair from becoming dry.13.除了美丽的容颜，岁月还悄然夺走了她的勇气。（addition）Time secretly robbed her of courage in addition to good looks.14.河上仅有的一座桥在地震中被毁了。（damage）The only bridge on/over the river was damaged in the earthquake.15.为了保证孩子的健康成长，家长应该注意孩子每晚睡多少时间。（attention）To ensure the childs health and growth, parents should pay attention to how much sleep the child gets every night16你穿绿色的很漂亮，看来绿色很适合你呀。（suit）You look nice in green. It seems that green suits you very much17. 听到她儿子打破世界纪录的消息，她高兴至极。（top）At the news that his son has broken the world record, she was/felt on top of the world.18. 无法保证这药会立即生效。（guarantee）There is no guarantee that the medicine will take effect immediately.19. 为保持健康，你必须要有均衡膳食。此外，经常锻炼身体也是很重要的。（in addition）To keep fit, you must eat a balanced diet. In addition, it is also very important to get plenty of exercise.13