土木工程专业英语大学UNIT-5-----FOOFS.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,UNIT 5 FOOFS,Part 1 illustrated words and expression,1.roof covering:屋顶包皮,covering:n.掩蔽物;遮盖物,2.rafter:椽子,3.collar beam:系梁,collar:n.衣领,领子;.(狗等的)项圈;(管子或机器部件的）圈，箍,vt.抓住；捉住；揪住；逮住;拦住（某人要与其）谈话,4.strut:对角撑，撑杆，斜腹杆,Strut:n.(框架的)支杆,支柱,支撑物;.趾高气扬的步态,高视阔步的样子;(尤指跳舞或表演时)卖弄，露一手，炫耀自己;,vi.趾高气扬地走,高视阔步,5.post:柱,post:n.柱,杆,桩;.终点标志;邮政;邮件;邮局,邮筒;.职位;岗位,哨位;邮递；邮寄;.邮寄的信函（或包裹等）；邮件;收集（或投递）邮件的时间；邮班,vt.张贴;贴在上;宣布;公告;.邮寄;设岗;委派;把（信件等）投入邮筒；投递；邮寄;把放入（或塞入）;使驻守；布置站岗;交付（保释金）,6.ridge purlin:脊檩,Ridge:n.脊,山脊;脊状突起;大气层的）高压脊，高压带.,Purlin:n.檩桁条,7.intermediate purlin:中间檩条,8.eaves purlin:檐口檩条,9.purlin:檩条,10.top chord:上弦杆,Chord:n.(数学)弦;(乐器)弦;(音乐)和弦,和音;喻心弦,11.king post:竖腹杆,12.bottom chord:下弦杆,PART 2Roof Construction屋面的建设构造,This section of building construction is one of the most varied,since there are,not only d,ifferent types of roofs,but many different materials used in their construction.The types of roofs are,generally speaking,divided into,two,these being,flat a,nd,pitched,.In the majority of roofs,timber is the principal material used,together with numerous others,such as,tile,s,slate,s,asbesto,s cement,tar,felt,asphalt,lead,copper,zinc,aluminum,s,etc.On the other hand,reinforced concrete roofs,suitably covered,are often constructed nowadays,especially where,there is a risk of fire,.,翻译：房屋建设构造中的屋面构造是最为多样的建设构造之一，因为不仅屋盖的类别不同，屋面所用的建筑材料也不尽相同。通常，屋盖可分平屋顶与坡屋顶两种。而大多数屋面的主要建筑材料为木材，与之相配的其它材料有粘土瓦、岩板、石棉瓦、油毡、沥青、铅铜、锌、铝等。另外，从防火要求考虑，目前多采用经适当覆盖的钢筋混凝土平屋顶屋面。,2.tile：瓦,3.slate：板岩；石板瓦；候选人名单,提名名单；石板色,暗蓝灰色；.(旧时学生用以写字的）石板,vt用石板瓦盖,4.asbestos：n.石棉,adj.石棉制的；含石棉的,5.felt：n.毛毡,6.Asphalt：沥青,7.Zinc：锌,8.Aluminium：铝,9.lead：铅,短语,1.generally speaking：通常来说,2.divided into：分成几部分,3.flat roof 平屋顶,flat beam 扁平梁,a flat tyre 瘪了的车胎,tyre：n.轮胎,a flat plateau 平坦的高原,plateau：n.高原；（发展、增长后的）平稳时期,稳定状态,停滞时期,句型,1.not only.But:不但，而已,2.the principal material used：所使用的主要材料.,3.a risk of fire.:.火险,Flat Roofs：平屋顶Fig.9 Flat Roof Construction图9 平顶屋面构造,1.Wall tie防渗镀锌铁皮,2.External skin外围护墙,3.,Ventilation cavity,通风洞,4.,Edging,board外饰板,5.Profiled,coping,剖面墙压顶,6.Sheet metal flashing金属薄披水板,7.Two or three-layer tar felt两或三层防水油毡,8.Rough tongued and grooved boarding未加工雄雌榫结合板,9.Roof,bearer,楼盖承梁,10.Binder连系梁,11.Layer of,chipping,s碎石层,12.Insulation,quilt,s保温毡,13.,Lath,压条,14.Match boarding镶嵌拼花板,15.Internal skin内墙体,16.Plastering灰泥层,单词,1.Ventilation：n.空气流通；.通风设备;通风方法；公开讨论。,2.Cavity：n.腔,洞；（龋齿的）洞,3.edging:n.边饰,缘饰,边缘,流苏,4.coping:n.顶部,顶盖,墙的顶部,5.bearer:n.送信人,捎信人;.(票据、支票等的)持有人;挑夫,搬运工;抬棺者,柩夫;.结果实(或开花)的植物;.支撑物;(公职的)担任者;,adj.(证券等)不记名的,持有人有权自由转让的,6.chipping:n.碎屑,破片,7.quilt:n.加衬芯床罩,8.Lath:n.木板条,条板,Although termed flat roofs,they are often constructed with a slight,fall,to enable the rainwater to run off.The main advantages of flat roofs are that they are,comparatively simple to construct,and,generally less costly,than pitched roofs.,翻译：,即使是平屋顶，其屋面在构造中也还有一定的坡度，以使雨水经此坡汇集流下。平屋顶与坡屋顶相比，其优点是施工简单且造价较低。,单词,1.fall：vi.降落,落下；降低,减退；,vi.进入状态,n.跌落,下落；坡度。,短语,paratively simple to construct：便于施工,2.generally less costly：造价较低,Fig.9 illustrates,a simple flat roof,consisting of,timber bearers,covered with,timber boarding,and,finished with several layers of tar felt,.In this example,the first layer of tar felt is nailed to the boarding and the subsequent layers are bonded to each other in hot tar.The felt is then covered with stone chippings.The top layer of the felt,at the vertical edges of the roof,and against the wall is usually a heavy,mineralized,felt.,翻译：,图9所示为一个简单的平屋顶屋盖，它由木承梁组成并铺以木板，再铺几层油毡防水。此例中，第一层油毡是用钉子钉在木板上的。上面的几层油毡是用热沥青粘合起来的。油毡上面铺以碎石。屋面的垂直边缘及靠墙的顶层油毡通常用厚些的无机物浸渍的油毡。,单词,1.mineralized:adj.矿藏丰富的,短语,1.timber boarding：木板,2.timber bearer：木承梁,句型,1.Fig.9 illustrates：图九所示为.,2.finished with several layers of.:最后再铺几层.,3.the vertical edges of the roof.:.的垂直边缘.,As an,alternative,to tar felt,sheet zinc,aluminum or copper is often used in high class work as a finishing to a reinforced roof slab,but very seldom to timber flat roof construction.,翻译：,除采用油毡防水之外，在钢筋混凝土板平屋盖的豪华建筑中，为装饰需要，还常常采用薄锌板、薄铝板、或薄铜板代替油毡，但很少用于木板平屋顶结构。,单词,1alternative:adj.两者择一的,供替代的;不寻常的,非传统性的;非正统的,n.取舍,抉择,可供选择的事物;选择的余地,可供选择的机会,The old method of,soldering,metal sheets,together has now,been largely replaced by welted,joints,which are made by a special efficient mechanical device.The welted joint,executed,in this way,is a rapid means of jointing and effectively,allows for expansion and contraction,of the metal covering.,翻译：,搭接贴角焊接金属薄板的老方法，现今已基本上为对接坡口焊所取代。这种新方法需要一种专门的高效率的机械装置。对接坡口焊是一种连接迅速的施焊工艺，它可以有效地保证金属盖板的胀缩。,单词,1.solder:n.焊料,焊锡;vt.&vi.(使)焊接,焊合,soldering:n.软焊,锡焊,低温焊接,热焊接,软钎焊,2.welt：n.贴边,袜口,伤痕,vt.装饰,鞭打,welted joint：对接坡口焊接,3.execute：vt.处决；.执行,实现;使生效；成功地完成（技巧或动作）；制作，做成（艺术品）；.执行（法令）；使（法律文件）生效,4.Contraction：n.订约；.收缩,缩短；缩减。,短语,1.soldering metal sheet together:搭接贴角焊接,2.expansion and contraction：胀缩,句型,1.been largely replaced by：被.所代替,2.Allow for：允许,Pitched Roofs坡屋顶的屋面,In the design of pitched roofs,one of the most important factors is the degree of the pitch or,slope,which,depends mainly on,the material used to cover the roofs.The,steep,er the pitch,the more effective the roof is in quickly,disposing of,rainwater or snow.On the other hand,a steeper pitch,entails,a larger roof area and a higher cost.The roof space,commonly known as a,loft,which is quite large in a roof with a steep pitch,is often used to provide,additional rooms,or,storage area,.,翻译：,在设计坡层屋顶时，最重要的因素之一是确定屋面的倾斜度，即屋面的坡度。这主要取决于屋面所用的材料。屋面的坡度越陡，则越能有效地排卸雨雪。另外，坡度越陡，则屋面的面积就越大，其造价就越高。屋顶的空间，通常称为阁楼，通常被用作辅助用房或贮藏室，坡度越大的屋顶其阁楼的空间就越大。,单词,1.slope：n.斜坡,斜面；倾斜,坡度,斜率；山坡。,2.steep：adj.陡的,急剧升降的,斜坡、陡峭的,山等；非正(要求或价格)过分;过高；价格或要求 过高的；过分的；不合理的,vt.&vi.浸,泡,3.entail:vt.使成为必要,需要;限定继承,4.Loft:n.阁楼,顶楼;上层楼面,楼上;（由工厂等改建的）套房，公寓;房间的越层,vt.击、踢、掷高弧球,短语,1.additional room:辅助用房,2.storage area：储藏室,句型,1.depends mainly on.:主要取决于,2.disposing of：排除.,Fig.10 Types of Pitched Roof图10 斜坡屋面的类型,1.ridge屋脊,2.,verge,山墙檐口,3.eaves屋檐,4.,gable,山墙,5.pitch倾斜角,6.,hip,四坡屋脊,7.Valley天沟,单词,1.verge：n.边,边缘,界线；（路边的）小草地，绿地,vi.极接近；濒于,2.gable：n.尖顶屋两端的山形墙,3.hip：n.臀部,屁股；臀部的；野蔷薇果;四坡屋面。,adj.衣服、音乐等方面）时髦的，赶时髦的,The various types of pitched roof are as follows:坡屋顶的各种类型如下:,(a)Lean-to or single-pitch roof单坡屋顶,(b)Gable of double-pitch roof人字屋顶或双坡屋顶,(c)Hip roof四坡屋顶,(d)Valley roof带天沟的屋面,And Fig.10 shows all of these in outline.图10所示即为这四种类型的轮廓。,An example of a timber roof,truss,having a single post,is given in Fig.11,which illustrates an,isometric,view of a common form of roof construction.The posts are spaced at intervals,varying according to the requirement of the design,and carry the,ridge purlin,which is,built into,the gable walling at each end for additional support.,翻译：,图11所示为带一个立柱的木屋顶桁架的示例。它展示的是一个普通屋顶结构的轴侧图。立柱需均匀分布，其间隔可根据设计的要求而不同。脊檩由立柱支撑，而且每端都需镶入山墙里，以作为边支撑。,单词,1.truss：vt.捆绑,n.(干草的)一捆,一束,构架；桁架。,2.isometric：adj.等大的,等容积的,isometric view：等角视图,短语,1.the ridge purlin：脊檩,句型,1.is given in Fig.11：图11展示的是,2.is built into：嵌入到,Fig.11 Isometric view of General Roof Construction图11 普通屋面结构的等角视图,1.gable wall山墙,2.verge山墙檐口,3.,apex,墙脊,4.post立柱,5.chimney breast烟囱墙皮,6.strut对角撑,7.ridge purlin脊檩,8.,chimney,stack,屋顶烟囱,9.chimney,flue,烟囱管道,10.roofing,battens,屋面檩条,11.rafter上弦杆（或缘木），椽子,12,.wall,plate,foot plate连系梁（或卧梁）,13.,ceiling joist,平顶搁栅（或吊顶搁栅）,14.Eaves屋檐,单词,1.apex：n.顶,顶点；.尖端。,2.stack：vt.&vi.1.堆积,n.堆,垛；大量,一大堆；大烟囱;(船上的)烟囱；.(图书馆或书店的)书架。,3.flue：n.烟道。,4.batten：n.板条；压条。,vt.用板条或压条固定；（损人利己地)养肥自己,短语,1.chimney stack 屋顶烟囱,chimney top 烟窗帽,chimney flue 烟囱道,chimney draught 烟窗通风,2.ceiling joist 平顶搁栅,ceiling load 平顶荷载,ceiling board 天花板,ceiling trimming 平顶镶边,3.wall tie 系墙铁,wall plate 承梁板,gable wall 山墙,wall column 墙间柱,Struts are fixed to each side of the posts to provide further support to the ridge purlin.At the lower end of each roof slope,eaves purlins are provided over the ceiling joists.When they are actually fixed on top of the wall,they are known as wall plates.The rafters,spaced at approximately 80cm centres,are nailed to the purlins.,翻译：,立柱两侧安有对角撑，作为对脊檩的进一步支承，屋面两坡的下方，檐口的连系梁支承在平顶隔栅之上。如果它们实际埋置于墙体内，就把它们称为卧梁。椽子钉在连系梁上，中心间距为80厘米。,Fig.12 illustrates a timber double post roof truss.This type of truss is constructed where a wider span or a less restricted roof space is required.,翻译：图12所示为一个双柱木屋顶桁架。这种桁架主要建于跨度要求较大或屋顶空间限制较少的地方。,Fig.12 Double Post Roof Truss图12 双柱屋顶桁架,1.wall plate连系梁（或卧梁）,2.post支柱,3.,brace,strut斜撑（或支撑）,4.,bolted bridle,joint螺栓双榫接,5.,cleat,支托（或托座）,6.(common)rafter普通椽子,7.Ridge board 脊梁（或脊檩）,8.Ridge,gusse,t plate屋脊角（撑）板,9.Tie beam系杆,10.Purlin檩条（或桁条）,11.Strut顶撑（或支杆）,12.,Stub,tendon,短榫（或暗榫）,13.Ceiling joist平顶搁栅,14.,Packing,piece补片（或垫块）,单词,1.brace：vt.支住,撑牢,使绷紧；使自己站稳,振作起来,n.托架,支架；.箍子；夹子；支架；（儿童）牙箍；吊裤带；背带；.括弧；大括号；猎获的一对鸟（或兽),vt.&vi.（为困难或坏事）做准备；防备；顶住，抵住（以免跌倒等）；绷紧（身体部位的）肌肉；加强；加固,2.bolt：n.螺栓；(门或窗)插销,闩；弩箭；（布匹的）一卷，一匹；闪电,vt.&vi.闩上；,vi.冲出去;逃跑,3.bridle：n.马笼头,马缰；.约束,限制;控制；系船索；.系带,vt.给套龙头；.控制,vi.昂首表示轻蔑(或怨忿等)；动怒,生气,4.cleat：n.夹,5.Gusset：n.衣袖,甲胄,v.接以三角片,6.stub：n.残端,铅笔头,烟蒂；票根,存根,vt.使(脚趾)碰到某物；(在硬物上)碾灭(烟头)；把(香烟等)弄灭。,7.tendon：n.筋,腱,8.packing：n.(货物)包装,包装法；包装材料；撵某人走；叫某人卷铺盖走人。,Dialogue 1,A:,I would like to congratulate you that after our examination of your,prequalification,document,your company has been accepted to enter the next stage,for,tender,ing of the project.Here is the,Tender Document for the civil works,.,B:,Thank you!,A:,The conditions in the Tender Document are worked out on the basis of FIDIC Conditions,.As you know the,FIDIC Conditions,are fair to both,Contractor,and,Employer,and we hope you will agree with these conditions.,B:,We will study it carefully and be reasonable in dealing with the conditions in the document.,A:,In the Tender Document,Volume 2 is the,Bill of Quantities,.There are 18 sections with 989,items of rates,in the Volume.,B:,Is the contract,price,a lump sum or a rates basis one,?,A:,This is a rates basis contract.,单词：,1.prequalification,：资格预审,2.tender,：,vt.1.,提出,2.,使变温柔；使变脆弱,3.【,法律,】,清偿，偿债,n.1.,投标,2.,蒸汽机车的）煤水车,3.,（在大船和海岸之间载运人和货物的）供应船，补给船，交通船,4.(,正式,),提出；提供,5.,照料人；看管人,adj.1.,脆弱的,;,幼弱的,;,嫩的,2.,温柔的,;,亲切的,3.,疼痛的,一触即痛的,;,敏感的,4.,纤弱的，脆弱的；虚弱的；易损的,5.,柔和的，温和的,6.,易悲伤的；易苦恼的；多愁善感的,7.,棘手的，难对付的；需小心处理的,8.【,航海学,】,不稳的；易倾斜的,vi.1.,投标,招标：,invite tenders,invite a bid,3.FIDIC,：菲迪克条款（国际工程师协会规定的土木工程施工合同条件）,Condition of contract for works of civil engineering construction standardized by federation international des ingenieurs-conseils,4.Contractor,：承包商,5.Employer,：业主,短语,1.are fair to both,：对双方都公平,2.Bill of Quantities,：工程量清单,3.Tender Document for the civil works,：土建工程部分的标书,4.items of rates,：单价条目,5.rates basis contract,：单价合同,6.lump basis contract,：包干价合同,7.lump,：,n.,（通常为无定形的）块,2.,肿块,3.,非正,傻大个,笨拙的人,vi.1.,结成块,vt.1.,把,归并在一起,(,考虑,);,将人,物,同等对待,分类,句型：,1.your company has been accepted to enter the next stage for tendering of the project,2.The conditions in the Tender Document are worked out on the basis of FIDIC Conditions.,3.We will study it carefully and be reasonable in dealing with the conditions in the document.,4.Is the contract price a lump sum or a rates basis one?,Dialogue 2,A:,Volume 8 in the Tender Document is the Bidding Document.,You should complete and submit it according to the requirement.,B:,Yes,I have noticed that.We should include in it a Latter of Agreement,a,Construction Method Statement,Quality and Safety Programs,and a,Bill of Quantities,.,A:,These are extremely important for you to win the project.,B:,Though our company is an experienced one,we still hope you can explain these key points in more details.,A:,All right.,The Letter of Agreement,is the promise of the Contractor to the employer.It gives,the total initial contract price,the,commencement date,the,completion date,and,the maintenance period,.,This letter should be signed,by,the legal representative,of the Contractor.,B:,What about other important points such as the,Advanced Payment,Liquidated Damages,Bank Guarantee,A:,There is an,attachment,of the Letter of Agreement.You should put in your opinions in the form attached.,单词,1.liquidate ：vt.清偿,结算；清算，清盘（停业后将资产出售，偿还债务）；清除(某人),消灭；变卖；变现,短语：,1.Construction Method Statement,：施工方案,2.Quality and Safety Program,：质量和安全措施,3.a Bill of Quantities.,：工程量清单,mencement date,：开工日期,5.initial contract price,：初始合同价,6.the completion date,：竣工日期,7.the legal representative,：法人代表,8.the Advanced Payment,：预付款,9.Liquidated Damages,：罚金,10.Bank Guarantee,：银行担保,11.Attachment,：附件,12.,the maintenance period,:,保修期,13.The Letter of Agreement,：协议书,句型：,1.,You should complete and submit it according to the requirement.,2.This letter should be signed by the legal representative of the Contractor.,3.we still hope you can explain these key points in more details.,