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,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,UNIT EIGHT,BUSINESS ETHICAL CULTURE,Objectives,To know something about business ethical culture,1,To get familiar with terms of business ethics,2,To learn new words and expressions,3,To master how to analyze long sentences,4,About this Unit,Text A,Text B,Text C,provides 3 tips on how to stay in integity with ourselves in business,shares with us LRNs successful experience of how to build trust with cumstomers and emplyees,is a cas study of ACMEs staying in professional ethics.Examples speak loud for the discussion,1.Background Information,2.Introduction to the Text,3.Business Terms,4.Words and Expressions,5.Notes to the Text,Text A Business Ethics:Three Tips to Stay in Integrity with Yourself,Background Information,Business ethics,Business ethics,(also known as Corporate ethics)is a form of applied ethics or professional ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment.It applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the conduct of individuals and business organizations as a whole.Applied ethics is a field of ethics that deals with ethical questions in many fields such as medical,technical,legal and business ethics.,Business Terms,Ethics Resource Center/,伦理资源中心,(Para.2,）：,will tell you more about this organization.,ERC Mission and Values,The Ethics Resource Center(ERC)is a private,nonprofit organization devoted to independent research and the advancement of high ethical standards and practices in public and private institutions.For 88 years ERC has been a resource for institutions committed to a strong ethical culture.,Business Terms,IRS building on,Constitution Avenue,in,Washington,D.C.,The,Internal Revenue Service,(,IRS,)is the revenue service of the US federal government.The agency is a bureau of the Department of the Treasury,and is under the immediate direction of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue.The IRS is responsible for collecting taxes and the interpretation and enforcement of the IRC(Internal Revenue Code).The IRS has its National Capital offices in the greater Washington,D.C.area,and in particular does most of its computer programming in Maryland.,2.IRS(Internal Revenue Service)/,美国国税局,(Para.5),：,(2)integrity/integriti/,n.quality of being honest and morally upright,诚实而正直,Example:,You can trust him;he is a man of complete integrity.,你可以相信他，他是一个刚正不阿的人。,(3)transgression/trnsgren/,n.going beyond(the limit of what is morally or legally acceptable),违法,;,违反道德,;,违犯戒律,Example:,Every look and word of her father put her in mind of her transgression,and was likely to drive her mad.,她父亲的一言一瞥都使她想起自己的罪过简直要使她发疯。,(4)corporate,adj.of or shared by all the members of a group;collective,团体的,;,共同的,Example:,This university is a corporate body formed from several colleges.,这所大学是由几个不同学院组成的。,Words and Expressions,(5)fishy/fii/,adj.causing a feeling of doubt or suspicion,可疑的,;,引起怀疑的,Example:,His excessive politeness seemed fishy.,他礼貌过度周到,令人觉得有些可疑,(6,）,submit/sbmit/,v.give sth(to sb/sth)so that it may be considered,decided on,etc,（向某人某事物）提交或呈递某事物（以供考虑,裁决等）,Example:,He submitted his proposal for urban development to the city council.,他将城市发展建议提交市议会。,（补充词义）,1,、使服从,使屈服,(+to),：,Well submit ourselves to the courts judgments.,我们将听从法庭的裁决。,2,、使经受,使受到,(+to),：,The metal was submitted to analysis.,对该金属进行了分析。,3,、,【,律,】,建议,认为：,I submit that the terms are entirely unreasonable.,我认为那些条件完全不合理。,Words and Expressions,Words and Expressions,（,9,）,compassion/kmpn/,n.pity for the sufferings of others,making one want to help them,同情,;,怜悯,Example:,The nurse had great compassion for her patients.,那位护士十分同情她的病人。,（,10,）,unequivocal/,nikwivkl/,adj.having only one possible meaning;clear and unmistakeable,只有一种含义的,;,清楚明白的,Example:,No published investigation has provided unequivocal evidence.,已发表的研究没有提供明显的证据。,（,11,）,certify/s:tifai/,v.formally declare(sth),esp in writing or on a printed document,（尤指书面）证明（某事物,Example:,Two witnesses must certify that this is your signature.,须有两个见证人证明这确是你的签字。,Notes to the Text,Dont risk your reputation by going along with something that is fishy.(para.4),释义,不要以你的名声为代价冒险去做一些可疑的事。,解析,risk ones reputatuion by doing:,以某人名誉为代价做某事。有关,reputation,的搭配还有：,have a reputatuion for:The store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.,该店买卖公平,声誉极佳。损害某人的名声：,did ones reputation a lot of harm,，,spot/ruin ones reputation,Notes to the Text,2.But,your coworker may encourage you to submit a claim for$23.95(since the policy says you dont have to submit a receipt until the amount is over$25.00,per IRS rules.)(para.4),释义,但是，那位同事可能怂恿你把消费上报为,23.95,美元（因为,IR,有规定，只有超过,25,美元时才需要上交收据。）,解析,submit a claim,在这里指“提出,要求”。,有以下几个常见用法：,1,、,submit the claim to sb for sth,提出索赔,:I submit the claim for damages in accordance with the advice of our legal adviser.,依照法律顾问的建议,我提出获得损失赔偿金的要求。,2,、,(,根据权利而提出的,),要求,CU(+for/on/to),：,Mary made a claim to the pencil.,玛丽认为她应得到这枝铅笔。,3,、自称,声称,;,主张,Y+to-v+(that),：,She claimed that the ring was stolen,not lost.,她声言那只戒指是被偷的,而不是遗失的。,4,、,(,疾病,意外,),夺去,(,生命,),：,The tornado claimed dozens of lives.,那场龙卷风夺去了几十条人命。,5,、值得,需要：,The trend claims our attention.,这一趋势需要我们予以注意。,6,、,(,对某事物的,),权利,;,要求权,;,所有权,CU(+on/to),：,What claim does he have to the property?,他有何权利要求得到这笔财产,?,4.One appropriate action would have been to discipline the employee or maybe even fire him.(para.7),释义,一种合适的办法是他可以严惩甚至开除这个员工。,解析,本句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语态，表示假设的场景。真正的做法在下文中体现。,Notes to the Text,5.Only by triple checking the website and making a phone call to the certifying agency were we able to get the whole story.(para.10),释义,通过三次查看网站和与认证机构直接通话我们才了解了故事的全貌。,解析,本句是由,only,引导的方式状语从句引导的倒装句，,triple checking the website and making a phone call,为并列的动作，作状语，句子的谓语是,be able to,结构。,Notes to the Text,1.Introduction to the Text,2.Business Terms,3.Words and Expressions,4.Notes to the Text,Text B Building Trust in Business by Trusting,Introduction to the Text,本文属于议论文体，作者,Dov Seidman,是,LRN,公司的,CEO,他结合,LRN,实际谈企业如何与员工和顾客之间建立信任。文章以问答的形式，首先阐明了信任在商业活动中的重要性，然后举例说明如何得到员工和顾客的信任。在谈及面包店老板通过让顾客自己找零而获得更多顾客的实例之后，作者主要分享了,LRN,在建立信任方面的成功经验，包括：为采取较为宽松的监管措施，相信他们会诚实反映花销情况，在决定解雇部分员工时采取的一系列保障性措施等。值得一提的是，在受到外界压力阻止这些举动时，公司都能坚持做到底，其根本原因在于领导层内心对他人的真正的信任。紧扣文章主题：在信任中建立信任。文章结构清晰，论证详实。,Business Terms,LRN(para.3),：,Refer to,for more information.,LRN Corporation provides legal,compliance,ethics,and governance solutions.It provides online and onsite employee,manager,and board education;ethics and compliance certifications;employee helplines;and ethics and compliance dashboard,legal research,and ethics and compliance risk assessments.,LRN:Inspiring Principled Performance,Since 1994,LRN has helped 10 million people in 500 companies worldwide simultaneously navigate complex legal and regulatory environments and foster ethical cultures.LRNs combination of practical tools,education and strategic advice helps companies translate their values into concrete corporate practices and leadership behaviors that create sustainable competitive advantage.,Dov Seidman,（,1,）,transact,v.conduct or carry out(business),esp between two people,办理或处理（事务）（尤指在两人之间,),Example:Please leave us for a minute or so,I have some private business to transact with your brother.,你请先回避一分钟左右，我与你兄弟有些私事要处理。,（,2,）,counsel/kaunsl/,vt.give professional advice to(sb with a problem),向（某人）提供专业建议,Example:,His job is to counsel students on how to choose a career.,他的工作是辅导学生就业。,vi.,商议,劝告,Example:,She counseled with her husband about the problem.,她同丈夫商量了这个问题,Words and Expressions,(3)oversight,n.unintentional failure to notice sth,疏忽,;,失察,Example:,Many errors are caused by oversight.,有很多错误是由疏忽造成的。,(4)aggregate,v.be formed or bring sb into an assembled group or amount,（使）聚集,;,（使）集合,Example:,The audiences aggregated a million people.,观众总数达一百万人。,（,5,）,friction,n.rubbing of one surface or thing against another,摩擦,Example:,Constant friction wore out the heels of my shoes.,不断的摩擦磨损了我的鞋跟。,（补充词义）,不和,争执：,political friction between two countries.,两国间政治上的不和。,Words and Expressions,（,6,）,compliance,n.action in accordance with a request or command;obedience,服从,;,听从,;,遵从,;,顺从,Example:,Authority refers to a distinctive form of compliance in social life.,权威是指社会生活中特殊形式的服从。,He has reasoned me into compliance.,他向我说出种种道理,使我非答应不可。,（补充词义）,comply vi.(,对要求、命令等,),依从,顺从,遵从,(+with),：,We comply with all fire safety rules.,我们遵守有关消防安全的全部条例。,（,7,）,counterintuitive,adj.contrary to what common sense would suggest,违反直觉的,Example:,ABstaining from food to restore vitality is counterintuitive yet fasting has a long tradition in the world of alternative medicine.,靠禁食来恢复体力的做法听起来有悖常理,但禁食在另类医学界有着悠久的传统。,Words and Expressions,（,10,）,judiciously,adv.showing or havinggood sense,有见识地,;,明智地,Example:,His ideas were quaint and fantastic.She brought him judiciously to earth.,他的看法荒廖古怪,她颇有见识地劝他面对现实。,（,11,）,back up,支持，证实；堵塞,（例句）,He would have lost his position if you hadnt backed him up.,假如你当初没有支持他,他可能已经失去职位了。,（,12,）,do away with,废除,消灭,去掉,（例句）,Do away with the middle-man.,不要中间人。,Words and Expressions,（,13,）,pack up,打包,;,收拾,非正,停止工作,停止运转,（例句）,It was time to pack up.,收工的时间到了。,Do you need me to help you pack up?,你需要我帮你整理行装吗,?,(14)talk out of,说服某人不做某事；劝阻,（例句）,Try as she may,she is not necessarily able to talk him out of smoking.,虽然她会尝试,却未必能说服他戒烟。,Words and Expressions,3.We provided severance packages lasting up to six months;these days many companies are dialing back on this step,but we wanted to take responsibility for our decision.(para.5),释义,我们向离职人员提供,6,个月的遣散金；在当时，很多公司做不到这点，但是我们想为自己的决定负责。,解析,severance package:,遣散金，,lasting up to six months,做后置定语修饰,severance packages.take responsibility for,：为,负责,Notes to the Text,4.And no one had to sign a form waiving the right to take us to court or compete with us or disparage us.(para.5),释义,他们也不必签署任何放弃对公司的起诉权或发誓不与我们竞争以及发表有损公司形象的言论。,解析,waiving the right to do:,放弃做,的权利。,take sb to court,与,.,对簿公堂,告上法庭,Notes to the Text,5.LRNs outside legal counsel insisted on sitting down with me to talk me out of doing most of these things.(para.7),释义,LRN,外部法律顾问曾坚持和我坐下来谈谈，试图阻止我别这样做。我还是拒绝了。,解析,insisted on doing,坚持做某事，例如：,He insisted on/upon my going with him.,他坚持要我跟他一起去。,to talk me out of doing most of these things,作句子的目的状语。,Notes to the Text,6,Managers have lots of tools for getting what they want out of their people,most of which fall into two categories:sticks and carrots.(para.8),释义,经理们有很多方式可以从他们手下得到他们想要的东西，这些方式主要分为两类：惩罚和奖励。,解析,fall intocategories,：分成,类别。,sticks and carrots,：,(also carrot or stick)is an idiom that refers to a policy of offering a combination of rewards and punishment to induce behavior.,翻译时，应选择意译，找到汉语中对应的义项。,Notes to the Text,1.Introduction to the Text,2.Business Terms,3.Words and Expressions,4.Notes to the Text,Text C,Passion,People and Principles,A Case Study In professional Ethics,Introduction to the Text,本文属于论说类文体，通过一家物业公司向客户坦然承认微小工作失误，并尽力弥补这一实例探讨职业道德问题。在事件处理过程中，物业公司,CEO,不惜代价，坚持承认错误，以及带领团队所有成员参与其中，亲身体验崇高职业精神的做法给人巨大启发，并进而引发关于领导执行力的思索。文章以问题结束，更给读者留下思考的空间。值得一提的是，标题中,passion,pelple,和,principles,是押头韵的修辞方法，翻译时建议译成“工作热情、工作人员、工作准则”，保持其修辞效果。,Business Terms,property management/,财产,管理,(para.3),Property management,is the operation of commercial,industrial or residential real estate.This is much akin to the role of management in any business.,Property management is also the management of personal property,equipment,tooling and physical capital assets that are acquired and used to build,repair and maintain end item deliverables.Property management involves the processes,systems and manpower required to manage the life cycle of all acquired property as defined above including acquisition,control,accountability,responsibility,maintenance,utilization,and disposition.,ACME(para.3),A property management company,refer to,for more information.,The following is one piece of ad of ACME.,Property Management Profile,Our Acme Real Estate Management and property management provide the best management services in the area.We offer managing for residential buildings,commercial developments,homes,offices,apartments,condominiums and other housing needs.,Business Terms,Words and Expressions,（,1,）,hazardous/hzds/,adj.dangerous;risky,危险的,;,冒险的,Example:,Investment is a hazardous business;even those who are in the swim sometimes come a cropper.,投资是一项风险事业，就是那些懂行的人有时也会栽跟头。,Smoking is hazardous to your health.,抽烟有碍你的健康。,(2)incidental/insidentl/,adj.small and relatively unimportant;minor,小的而较不重要的,;,次要的,Example:,The incidental expenses are so heavy,she confides to inquiring friends.“,杂七杂八的开销太大了。”她向问起的朋友们这样说道。,an incidental remark,附带的话,(,补充词义,),1,、偶然发生的：,an incidental meeting of a former teacher on a bus.,在公共汽车上与过去一位老师的邂逅。,2,、易发生的,;,免不了的,(+to),：,problems incidental to growing up,成长中的烦恼,Words and Expressions,（,3,）,mandatory,adj.required by law;compulsory,依法的,;,法定的,;,强制性的,Example:,Attendance is mandatory at all meetings.,所有会议皆不得缺席,.,（,4,）,dump/dmp/,v.put(sth unwanted)in a place and leave as rubbish,丢弃（不需要的某物）,;,倾倒（垃圾）,Example:,He went to dump the garbage.,他去倒垃圾。,(,补充词义,),1,、倾销,抛售：,They dump their surplus production on foreign countries.,他们向外国倾销剩余产品。,2,、猛地扔下,;,沉重地放下,O,：,The truck dumped its load of sand on the driveway.,卡车将沙子卸在车道上。,Youve got to deal with this dont try and dump it in my lap.,这事你得去处理,-,别想往我身上推。,Words and Expressions,（,5,）,rectify,v.put(sth)right;correct,改正（某事物）,;,纠正,Example:,Please rectify the mistake in my bill.,请改正我帐单上的错误。,The matter will rectify itself in a few days.,那件事过几天就会变好。,（,6,）,incompetent/inkmpitnt/,adj.not having or showing the necessary skills to do sth successfully,不胜任的,;,不称职的,Example:,She is incompetent to judge.,她没有判断能力。,He is incompetent at his job.,他不能胜任自己那份工作。,(,补充词义,),【,律,】,无行为能力的,;,法律上无资格,(,或无效,),的,:incompetent evidence,法律上无效的证据,Words and Expressions,（,7,）,adjourn/d:n/,v.stop(a meeting,etc)for a time;postpone,停止（会议等）一段时间,;,休（会）,;,使延期,Example:,The case was adjourned until next Thursday.,该案延至下星期四审理。,The Senate adjourned for the summer.,参议院夏季休会。,(,补充词义,),换地方：,Why dont we adjourn to the local hostelry?,我们怎麽不搬到本地旅馆去住呢,?,（,8,）,empower,v.give lawful power or authority(to sb)to act,（授权给某人）采取行动,Example:,The new laws empower the police to search private house.,新的法律使警察得以搜查私人住宅。,（,9,）,sweep under the carpet,把不愉快的事情掩盖起来,（例句）,I wish we could sweep that difficult question under the carpet,but thats impossible.,我希望我们能把那个棘手的问题蒙混过去,但这是办不到的。,（,10,）,kick upstair,s,明升暗降,（例句）,The board of trustees decided to kick the president of the company upstairs.,理事会决定将该公司的总经理明升暗降。,Words and Expressions,Notes to the Text,In dealing with government agencies regarding hazardous waste,the paperwork submitted has to be exact.In many cases,the paperwork is incidental to actual importance of cleanup work being done,and it can be more time consuming andcostly than the actual work itself.(para.2),释义,呈交给政府部门有关危险品垃圾问题的书面报告必须准确无误。很多时候，书面报告对于实际所做的清理工作的重要性来说只是个点缀，但却费时、耗财力。,解析,regarding:,关于，相当于,about;submitted,做,paperwork,的后置定语。,be incidental to:,附带于,，不是特别重要的。翻译时，注意正确理解原句的意思，准确表达。,Notes to the Text,2.The hospital has had a lot of bad press lately and the last thing they need is any kind of environmental error going to the press.”(para.5),释义,最近医院有不少负面
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