经络腧穴各论(双语班.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,经络腧穴各论,一、十二经脉,12 meridians,一）手太阴肺经（共,11,穴，）,1,经脉循环：起于中焦，向下联络大肠回绕胃口过膈属于肺脏，从肺系（肺与喉咙相联系的部位）横行出来，沿上臂内侧下行，行于手少阴经和手厥阴经的前面，经肘窝入寸口，沿鱼际边缘，出拇指内侧端（少商）。手腕后方支脉，从列缺处分出，走向食指内侧端，与手阳明大肠经相接。,3.1.1 The Lung Meridian of Hand-Taiyin,The course of the meridian,Originating from middle jiao,running downward and connecting with the large intestine(1),winding back,going along the upper orifice of the stomach(2),passing through the diaphragm(3),entering the lung,its pertaining organ(4).,b.From the portion of the lung communicating with the throat,coming out transversely(Zhongfu,LU1)(5),descending along the medial aspect of the upper arm,passing in front of the Heart Meridian of Hand-Shaoyin and the Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueying(6)reaching the cubital fossa(7)going downward along the medial aspect of the forearm(8)arriving at radius Cunkou(9)passing the thenar eminence(10)going along radial border of the thenar eminence(11)ending at the medial side of the tip of the thumb(12).,c.Emerging from Lieque(LU7)and running directly to the radial side of the tip of the index finger(Shangyang,LI1)to link with the Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming.,3.1.1.2 Main disorders of the meridian,Cough,asthma,pain in chest,hemoptysis,sore throat,aphasia,fever,pain along the meridian,3.1.1.3 Indications,a.Disorders of the throat,chest and the lung;b.Other disorders along the course of the meridian.,常用腧穴,(key acupoints),：,尺泽,Chize(LU5),定位,肘横纹中，肘二头肌腱桡侧。,Location:At the transverse crease of the elbow,on the radial side of tendon of biceps brachii.,主治,咳嗽、咳血、气喘、咽喉肿痛、小儿惊风、乳痛、肘臂挛痛。,Indications:a.Respiratory system disorders:cough,asthma,hemoptysis,and fullness in chest;b.Febrile diseases:tidal fever,swollen and sore throat,infantile convulsion;c.Digestive system disorders:vomiting,diarrhea;d.Pain syndrome:pain and spasm of the wrist and arm.,操作,直刺,0,8,1,2,寸。,Puncture perpendicularly 0.8-1.2cun,or prick to cause bleeding.,少商,定位,拇指桡侧指甲角旁约,0,1,寸。（图,10,8,）。,主治,咽喉肿痛、咳嗽、鼻衄、发热、昏迷、癫狂。,操作,浅刺,0,1,寸或点刺出血。,（二）手阳明大肠经（共,20,穴）。,1,经脉循行：起于食指末端（商阳），沿食指内（桡）侧向上，通过一、二掌骨之间（合谷）向上进入两筋（拇长伸肌健与拇短伸肌腱）之间的凹陷处，沿前臂前方，并肘部外侧，再沿上臂外侧前缘，上走肩端（肩髃），沿肩峰前缘向上出于颈椎（大椎），再向下入缺盆（锁骨上窝）部，联络肺脏，通过横膈，属于大肠。,3,主治概要：主治头面、五官、咽喉病、热病及经脉循行部位的其他病证。,4,常用腧穴：,合谷,定位,手背。第一、二掌骨之间，约平第二掌骨中点处。,简便取法：以一手的拇指指骨关节横纹，放在另一手的拇，食指之间的指蹼缘上，当拇尖下即为核穴。,主治,头痛、目赤肿痛、牙痛、鼻衄、牙关紧闭、口眼歪斜、耳聋、热病无汗、多汗、腹痛经闭滞产等。,操作,直刺,0,5,1,寸。,b.Descending from supraclavicular sossa and connecting with the lung(9)passing through the diaphragm(10)entering the large intestine,its pertaining organ(11).,c.Running upward from supraclavicular fossa(Quepen)to the neck(12),passing through the cheek(13),entering the gum of the lower teeth(14),curving around the upper lip and crossing the opposite meridian at the philtrum,ending at the opposite Yingxinang(LI 20)tolink with the Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming(15)(Fig.11),3,主治概要：主治头面、五官、咽喉病、热病及经脉循行部位的其他病证。,Abdominal pain,diarrhea,dysentery,constipation;swollen and sore throat,toothache,watery nasal discharge of epistaxis;redness,swelling and pain.,3.1.2.3 Indications,a.Facial and head diseases;b.Fever;c.Other diseases along the course of the meridian.,曲池,Quchi(LI 11),定位,屈肘成直角。当肘横纹外端与肱骨外上髁连线的中点。,Location:When the elbow is flexed,the point is in the depression at the lateral end of the transverse cubital crease,midway between Chize(LU 5)and the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.,主治,咽喉肿痛、齿痛、目赤痛、瘰疠、瘾疹、热病、上肢下遂。,操作,直刺,1,1,5,寸。,肩髃,Jianyu(LI 15),定位,肩峰端下缘，当肩峰与肱骨大结节之间，三角肌上部中央。上臂外展时，肩部出现两个凹陷，前方的凹陷中是本穴。,Location:Anterior and inferior to the acromion in the middle of the upper portion of m.deltoid.,主治,肩臂挛痛不遂、瘰疠、瘾疹。,操作,直刺或向下斜刺,0,8,1,5,寸。,迎香,Yingxiang(LI 20),定位,鼻翼外缘中点，旁开,0,5,寸，当鼻唇沟中。,Location:In the nasolabial groove at the level of midpoint of the lateral border of ala nasi.,主治,鼻塞、鼽衄、口歪。,Indications:a.Head and facial diseases:nasal obstruction,epistaxis,deviation of mouth and eye,itching of face;b.Biliary ascariasis.,操作,斜刺或平刺,0,3,0,5,寸。,（三）足阳明胃经（共,45,穴）,1,经脉循行：起于鼻翼两侧（迎香）上行到鼻根部与足太阳经交会，向下沿鼻外侧进入上齿龈内，回出环绕口唇，向下交会于颏唇沟承浆处，再向后沿口腮后下方，出于下颌大迎处沿下颌角颊车，上行耳前，经上关，沿发际，到达前额（前庭）。,面部支脉：从大迎前下走人迎，沿着喉咙，进入缺盆部，向下过膈，属于胃，联络脾脏。,缺盘部直行的脉：经乳头，向下挟脐旁，进入少腹两侧气冲；,胃下口部支脉：沿着腹里向下到气冲会合，再由此下行至髀关，直抵伏兔部，下至膝盖，沿胫骨外侧前缘，下经足跗；进入第二足趾外侧端（厉兑）；,2,主要病候：肠鸣腹胀、水肿、胃痛、呕吐或消谷善饥、口渴、咽喉肿痛、鼻衄、胸部及膝髌等本经循行部位疼痛、热病、发狂等。,Main disorders of the meridian,Borborygmus,abdominal distention,edema,stomachache,vomiting or polyorexia;mania,swollen and sore throat,epistaxis.,3,主治概要：主治胃肠病、头面、目鼻、口齿痛、神志病及经脉循行部位的其他病证。,Indications,a.Digestive system diseases;b.Diseases in head,nose,eye mouth;c.Other diseases along the course of the meridian.,常用腧穴：,颊车,Jiache(ST 6),定位,下颌角前上方一横指凹陷中，咀嚼时咬肌隆起最高点处。,Location:One fingerbreabth anterior to the lower angle of the mandible where m,masseter attaches at the prominence of the muscle when teeth are clenched.,主治,口歪、齿痛、颊肿、口噤不语。,Indications:Facial paralysis,toothache,swelling of cheek,mumps,and trismus.,操作,直刺,0,3,0,5,寸或平刺,0,5,1,寸。,下关,Xiaguan(ST 7),定位,颧弓与下颌切迹之间的凹陷中。合口有孔，张口即闭。,Location:In the depression at the lower border of the zygomatic arch,anterior to the condyloid process of the mandible,this point is located with the mouth closed.,主治,耳聋、耳鸣、聤耳、齿痛、口噤、口眼歪斜。,Indications:Deafness,tinnitus,otorrhea,facial paralysis,toothache,motor impairment of the jaw.,操作,直刺,0,5,1,寸。,天枢,Tianshu(ST 25),定位,脐旁,2,寸,Location:2 cun lateral to the umbilicus.,Property:The front mu point of the large intestine.,主治,腹胀肠鸣、绕脐痛、便秘、泻泄、痢疾、月经不调，症瘕。,Indications:a.Digestive system diseases:abdominal distention,borborygmus,constipation,diarrhea,and dysentery;b.Gynecological diseases:irregular menstruation,abdominal mass.,操作,直刺,1,1,5,寸。,犊鼻,Dubi(ST 35,also known as Waixiyan),定位,髌骨下缘，髌韧带外侧凹陷中,Location:When the knee is flexed,the point is in the depression below the patella and lateral to the patellar ligament.,主治,膝痛，下肢麻痹、屈伸不利、脚气。,Indications:a.Pain of the knee,numbness and motor impairment of the lower extremity b.Beriberi.,操作,向后内斜刺,0,5,1,寸。,丰隆,Fenglong(ST 40),定位,外踝高点上,8,寸，条口穴（上巨虚下,2,寸）外,1,寸。,Location:8 cun above the external malleolus,1 cun lateral Tiaokou(ST 38).,主治,头痛眩晕、痰多咳嗽、呕吐、便秘、水肿、癫狂病、下肢痿痹。,Indications:a.Digestive system diseases:vomiting,constipation;b.Paralysis of lower extremities;c.Headache,dizziness;d.Cough with profuse sputum,edema,mental disorders,and epilepsy.,操作,直刺,1,1,5,寸。,