高考英语复习基础语法第九课时非谓语动词牛津译林版.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,第九课时非谓语动词,1/45,1.,(,浙江高考),To return to the problem of water pollution,，,Id like you to look at a study _ in Australia in.,A.having conducted B.to be conducted,C.conducting D.conducted,答案,D,分析句子成份可知，句中没有连词，所以空处用非谓语动词，且 a study和 conduct 组成逻辑上动宾关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。,感,悟,高,考,2/45,2.,(,浙江高考),I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do_with students.,A.working B.work,C.to work D.worked,答案,A,句意：我现在与学生一起工作和航海一样有着同等乐趣。所选词形应与sailing一致，在句中作方式状语。,3/45,3.,(,北京高考),_ it easier to get in touch with us,，,youd better keep this card at hand.,A.Made B.Make,C.Making D.To make,答案,D,句意：为了更轻易地和我们取得联络，你最好把这张名片卡放在手头。由本句话后半句可知，make逻辑主语为you，you与make之间为逻辑上主谓关系，结合句意可知，非谓语动词在这里作目标状语，故选D。,4/45,4.,(,北京高考),_ over a week ago,，,the books are expected to arrive any time now.,A.Ordering B.To order,C.Having ordered D.Ordered,答案,D,句意：那些书一周前已经预定了，应该随时会抵达。order与其逻辑主语the books之间为逻辑上动宾关系，故选D。,5/45,5.,(,北京高考),Newly-built wooden cottages line the street,，,_ the old town into a dreamland.,A.turn B.turning,C.to turn D.turned,答案,B,句意：新建小木屋沿街排成一行，将这个古老小镇变成了一个梦幻之地。此处用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然结果。故选B。,6/45,6.,(,天津高考),The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows,，,_ air conditioning unnecessary.,A.making B.to make,C.made D.being made,答案,A,句意：冷风经过我们卧室窗户袭来，使得开空调变得没有必要。空处于句中作结果状语，表示自然而然结果，且与句子主语之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词。,7/45,考点一非谓语动词作状语,考 点 清 单,规则,不定式作状语作目标状语。注意其它非谓语动词形式不能用作目标状语。,To make,himself heard,，,he raised his voice.,为了让自己被人听到，他提升了声音。,规则,不定式作状语作结果状语，表示出乎意料结果。,We hurried to the station,，,only to be told,that the train had left.,我们急急忙赶到车站，结果被通知火车已开走了。,8/45,规则,形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有：,happy,，,lucky,，,sorry,，,proud,，,disappointed,，,surprised,，,ready,，,delighted,，,clever,，,foolish,，,pleased,等。,We were astonished,to find,the temple still in its original condition.,令我们吃惊是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初样子。,规则,作状语分词要求其逻辑主语与句子主语保持一致。,Not understanding,this problem,，,he asked the teacher about it.,因为不了解这个问题，他问了老师。,9/45,规则,若现在分词动作发生在谓语动词所表示动作之前，则用现在分词完成形式,(having done),。,Having lived,in New York for years,，,I know each part of it very well.,因为住在纽约多年，我对这里每一处都很熟悉。,规则,若与句中主语为逻辑上动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成式被动形式,(having been done),。,Having been hit,by the big boy on the nose,，,the little boy began to cry.,因为被那个大孩子打在了鼻子上，那个小孩开始大哭。,10/45,规则,如句子主语是分词动作承受者，则要用过去分词,(done),。,Seen,from the top of the mountain,，,the city is very beautiful.,从山顶上看，这座城市很漂亮。,规则,如句子主语是分词动作发出者，就用现在分词形式,(doing),。,Seeing,from the top of the hill,，,we find the park even more beautiful.,从山顶上看，我们发觉这个公园显得愈加漂亮。,11/45,考点二非谓语动词作宾语,规则,以下动词只能用不定式作宾语，请切记下面口诀：,决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。,主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。,decide/determine,，,learn,，,want,，,expect/hope/wish,；,refuse,，,manage,，,care,，,pretend,；,offer,，,promise,，,choose,，,plan,；,agree,，,ask/beg,，,help,。,另外,afford,，,strive,，,happen,，,wait,，,threaten,等也要用不定式作宾语。,They have,agreed to give,me another chance.,他们已经答应给我另外一次机会。,She,pretended not to see,me when I passed by.,当我经过时，她假装没看见我。,12/45,规则,以下动词或词组只能用动名词作宾语，请切记下面口诀：,考虑提议盼原谅，认可推迟没得想。,防止错过继续练，否定完成就观赏。,禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。,consider,，,suggest/advise,，,look forward to,，,excuse/pardon,；,admit,，,delay/put off,，,fancy(,想象，构想,),；,avoid,，,miss,，,keep/keep on,，,practice,；,deny,，,finish,，,enjoy/appreciate,；,forbid,，,imagine,，,risk,；,cant help(,禁不住,),，,mind,，,allow/permit,，,escape,。,13/45,I would,appreciate your calling back,this afternoon.,今天下午假如你能给我回电话，我将非常感激。,My mother,couldnt help smiling,when she heard the good news.,听到那好消息，我妈妈情不自禁地笑起来。,14/45,规则,以下短语和动词词组后也要用动名词作宾语,be used/accustomed to,，,lead to,，,devote to,，,stick to,，,object to,，,get down to,，,pay attention to,，,cant stand(,无法忍受,),，,give up,，,feel like,，,insist on,，,be busy(in),，,have difficulty/trouble(in),，,have a good/wonderful/hard time(in),，,spend time(in),，,look forward to,等短语和动词词组后也要用动名词作宾语。,15/45,We are,looking forward to coming,to China.,我们期待着来中国。,Parents should pay more attention to the cases where their children,have difficulty,(,in,),adapting,to new surroundings.,当孩子们对新环境不适应时，父母们应多加关注。,16/45,规则,以下动词或词组既能够跟动名词作宾语，也能够跟不定式作宾语：,17/45,18/45,What a poor memory,！,I,forgot borrowing,money from him yesterday.But today I,forgot to return,the money to him.,多么差记忆力！昨天我忘了向他借过钱，但今天我又忘了把钱还给他。,能够按下面口诀记住上述动词：,“,四记,”“,力争,”,不,“,后悔,”,。四,“,记,”,指,“,记得、记住,(remember),”,；,“,忘记,(forget),”,；,“,计划、打算,(mean),”,；,“,继续,(go on),”,；,“,力争,”,指,“try”,；,“,后悔,”,指,regret,。,19/45,考点三非谓语动词作宾补,规则,感官动词,(,词组,)see,，,watch,，,observe,，,look at,，,notice,，,hear,，,listen to,，,feel,宾语补足语有四种形式，以,see,为例：,I,saw him leave,a few minutes ago.,我看见他几分钟前离开了。,规则,使役动词,make,，,let,，,have,，,get,后加复合宾语情况：,20/45,The teacher raised his voice in order to,make himself heard,.,那个老师提升了嗓门方便他人能听到他。,21/45,Let those in need understand,that we will go all out to help them.,让那些需要,(,帮助,),人明白我们会尽全力去帮他们。,22/45,Ill,have my bike repaired,tomorrow.,我明天得,(,请人,),修一下我自行车。,23/45,Alexander tried to,get his work recognized,in the medical circles.,亚历山大试图使他工作被医学界认可。,24/45,考点四非谓语动词作定语,规则,现在分词,(,短语,),作定语与所修饰名词之间存在着逻辑上主动关系，表示该动作主动和进行。,The park was full of people,，,enjoying,themselves in the sunshine.,公园里人山人海，人们在阳光下玩得很高兴。,规则,过去分词,(,短语,),作定语与它所修饰名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作被动和完成。,Tsinghua University,，,founded in 1911,，,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.,建于,1911,年清华大学是无数出色人物摇篮。,25/45,规则,不定式作定语表示未做事情。,He is always the first,to arrive,at the school and the last,to leave,the school.,他总是第一个到校，最终一个离校。,26/45,考点五非谓语动词作主语和表语,规则,不定式、动名词都可作主语，通常能够用,it,来作形式主语。但动名词作主语多指抽象、概念性动作，能够是屡次、经常行为；不定式多表示详细动作，尤其是某一次动作。,Eating,too much chocolate is bad for your teeth.,吃太多巧克力对你牙齿有害。,Its necessary,to hold,another meeting to discuss the issue again.,有必要再举行一次会议来讨论这个问题。,27/45,规则,动名词作表语时，说明主语性质或特征；不定式作表语时，说明主语还未发生动作，或表示未来动作。,Our job is,playing,all kinds of music.,我们工作是演奏各种各样音乐。,Your task today is,to wash,the curtains.,你今天任务是洗窗帘。,28/45,规则,以下句型中惯用动名词作主语：,(1)It is/was a waste(of.)/no use/no good doing sth,Its no use complaining,without taking action.,不采取行动只是埋怨是没有用。,(2)There is/was no sense/no point(in)doing sth,There is no sense,(,in,),worrying,about it now.,现在大可无须为那件事忧虑。,29/45,考点六,with,复合结构和独立主格结构,规则,with,复合结构组成及意义,30/45,With so many people looking,at him,，,he felt very nervous.,那么多人看着他，他感到很担心。,She had to walk home,with her bike stolen,.,自行车被偷，她只好步行回家。,The girl feels excited,with so many places of interest to visit,.,有这么多名胜能够参观，小女孩很兴奋。,31/45,规则,独立主格结构组成及其含义,32/45,The boy leading,the way,，,we had no trouble finding the strange cave.,由那个男孩带路，我们很轻易就找到了那个奇怪洞。,So many children to support,，,they both have to work full time.,有这么多孩子要养，他们俩不得不全日工作。,Many trees,，,flowers,，,and,grass to be planted,，,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.,种上许多树、花和草后，我们新建学校看上去将更美。,The meeting over,，,our headmaster soon left the meeting room.,散会了，校长很快就离开了会议室。,There being no bus,，,we had to walk home.,因为没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。,33/45,考点七非谓语动词时态和语态,规则,动词不定式时态和语态,形式,意义,组成,主动语态,被动语态,普通式,与句子谓语动词动作同时发生或在谓语动词动作之后发生,to do,to be done,进行式,在谓语动词动作发生时正在进行,to be doing,完成式,在谓语动词动作之前发生,to have done,to have been done,完成进行式,发生在谓语动词动作之前而且连续到谓语动词动作发生时仍在进行,to have been doing,34/45,The boy pretended,to be studying,hard when his teacher came in.,当老师进来时候，那个男孩假装正在努力学习。,The meeting,to be held,tomorrow is of great importance.,明天要举行会议很主要。,35/45,规则,动名词和现在分词时态和语态,形式,意义,主动语态,被动语态,普通式,与谓语动词动作同时或稍后发生,doing,being done,完成式,先于谓语动词动作完成,having done,having been done,36/45,I still remember,being sent,to school for the first time.,我仍记得第一次被送到学校上学情景。,Having been told,many times,，,he still repeated the same mistake.,即使被告诉过好屡次了，但他依然重复犯一样错误。,Having finished,the letter,，,he folded it and put it into the envelope.,写完信后，他把信折起来装进了信封。,37/45,考点八非谓语动词主动语态表示被动意义,规则,在,“,主语系动词表语,(,形容词,),to do,”,结构中，句子主语和不定式之间组成逻辑上动宾关系，且形容词表示主语特征或性质，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中惯用形容词有：,easy,，,difficult,，,important,，,interesting,，,pleasant,，,comfortable,，,dangerous,等。,How did the accident happen was difficult,to find out,because there were few people on the street at that time.,极难查明这起事故是怎样发生，因为那时街上几乎没人。,38/45,The chair is very comfortable,to sit on,.,这把椅子坐上去很舒适。,规则,动词,need,，,want,，,require,作,“,需要,”,讲时，后跟动名词主动形式表示被动意义，也可跟不定式被动结构；,be worth,后也用动名词主动形式表示被动意义。,The figures need,to be checked/checking,again before we draw a conclusion.,在我们得出结论前，这些数据需要再检验一遍。,39/45,1,.,正确判断非谓语动词,解 题 策 略,句子按结构分为三类，即简单句、并列句和复合句。并列句和复合句都需要连词来引导，假如句子中出现了连词，应选谓语动词形式，假如两个结构中未出现连词，则考虑用非谓语动词。,40/45,_ many times,but he still couldnt understand it.,A.Having been toldB.Told,C.He was toldD.Though he had been told,答案,C,用连词but 引导并列句子，所以，前面与后句一样也是个独立句子，故选C项。,41/45,2,.,正确判断非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间关系,确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍含有动词特点，其逻辑上动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。判断非谓语动词与逻辑主语关系是主动还是被动。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子真正主语一致，找不到其逻辑主语时，整个句子或句子主语就是非谓语动词逻辑主语。正确判断非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间关系是正确选择非谓语动词形式确保，不论是做什么成份非谓语动词都表达以下特点：,42/45,(1),假如非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，可用现在分词；,(2),假如非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，可用过去分词。,_ from the top of the tower,，,the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.,A.Seen B.SeeingC.Having seen D.To see,答案,A,句意：从塔顶看，这座山南边脚下是树海洋。seen from the top of the tower是一个过去分词短语，在句子中作状语，其逻辑主语是句子主语the south foot，它们之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词。,43/45,3,.,正确判断非谓语动词和谓语动词发生时间先后次序,非谓语动词具备动词一些特点，也能够有动作发生时间，对于谓语动词，我们用时态来表示动作发生时间；对于非谓语动词不能用时态来表示动作发生时间问题。非谓语动词所表示时间是一个相对时间，即相对于谓语动词时间而言。同时也需要了解非谓语动词不一样形式所表示时间含义。如,to have done,，,having done,表示该动作在谓语动作之前发生；,to be doing,，,doing,强调与谓语动词动作同时发生。,44/45,Dina,，,_ for months to find a job as a waitress,，,finally took a position at a local advertising agency.,A.struggling B.struggled,C.having struggled D.to struggle,答案,C,句意：蒂娜，奋斗了几个月，想找个做女服务员工作，最终在当地一家广告社谋到了一个职位。此题考查非谓语动词作定语，因Dina与struggle之间为逻辑上主谓关系，且struggle发生在took之前，故用现在分词完成形式作定语。,45/45,