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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Unit 2 News media,Words and expressions,Warming up to speaking,Reading,Grammar,Words in this unit,means of mass communication,Media,Reliable,so deserving trust;dependable,Fire,dismiss from a job,Elect,choose,sb,.By vote,Injure,hurt,sb,.Or harm,Informed,having or showing knowledge,Relate,be connected with,sb./sth,.else.Refer to,sb./sth,Talented,having talent;gifted,Switch,cause,sth,.to shift or change,suddenly,Present,offer,sth,for consideration,Reflect,throw back(light,heat,sound),Unique,being the only one of its type,Seldom,not often;rarely,Addicted,unable to stop taking or using,sth,.as a habit,Ignore,take no notice of,sb./sth,.,Tolerate,bear;endure,sb,.Without protesting,Complete,bring,sth,.to an end;finish,Guard,a state of watchful readiness to protect or defend,Arm,supply or equip oneself with weapons,Update,to make more modern or up to date,means of mass communication,Media,新闻媒体,Reliable,可靠的，可信赖的，确实的,so deserving trust;dependable,Switch,转变，改变，,cause,sth,.to shift or change,suddenly,Addicted,使沉溺，使入迷，使醉心,unable to stop taking or using,sth,.as a habit,Ignore,不顾，不理，忽视,take no notice of,sb./sth,.,Update,使现代化，更新，改造,to make more modern or up to date,Face,C n.,脸，面孔，面貌，面容，表情,face to face,Un,面子,威信，厚颜,Save ones face,vt,.,面对，面向，朝，正视,Face danger/the difficulty,The kitchen faces(to the)north.,be faced with,面临；面对,They are faced with the threat of,losing the job.,face the music,接受（不愉快的后果或情况,),There is no need for you to worry;if,anything goes wrong it is I that will have to face the music.,We must face up to our responsibilities,and not to get out of them.,We are ruined,and must face up to the fact.,Face up to,勇敢地对付（敌人，困难）,2.,Fire,vt,.,解雇开除，点燃，发射（枪，弹）,The company fired him for not coming to work on time.,Its difficult to fire wet things.,He fired his gun at the big snake.,3.Generous,ready to give,noble-minded,慷慨的，大方的,He is generous with his money.,It was very generous of you to forgive her.,4.Rob steal pick,Rob,sb,./some place of,sth,.,抢，夺,Steal,sth,.from,sb,./some place,偷，窃,Pick ones pocket,他们劫富济贫。,They robbed the rich to help the poor.,The robbers robbed the bank of 100,000 dollars.,The thief stole the purse from him.,5.injure,The boy injured his leg.,The injured were taken to hospital.,I hope I didnt injure her(feeling).,The child had a injured look.,injury n injurious,adj,injure:,指意外事故造成的伤害，可能危及功能发展。,wound:,指刀、枪、剑伤或战场上受伤。也指对感情的伤害。,hurt:,指精神上或肉体上的“创伤”“伤害”，还指摔伤。作不及物动词，意为“疼痛”。,harm:,一般指伤害有生命的东西，常指伤及一个人的健康、权利、事业等。,damage:,主要指对价值和功能的破坏，多用于无生命的东西，一般还可以修复。,destroy:,指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用。一般不能或很难修复。有时可用作比喻意义。,injure,wound,hurt,harm,destroy&damage,1.,好几个孩子在那次事故中受伤,.,Several children were injured in the,accident.,2.,他在战斗中受伤,.,He got wounded in the battle.,3.,他掉下来伤了腿,.,He fell and hurt his leg.,4.,吸烟严重损害了他的健康,.,Smoking seriously harmed his health.,5.,地震毁了整座城市,.,The earthquake destroyed the whole city.,6.,他们设法修复了受到破坏的房屋,.,They managed to repair the house that,had been damaged.,6.Go up,Inflation,（通货膨胀）,was so bad in those days and prices went up daily.,Tall buildings are rapidly going up along the new road.,The whole building went up in flames.,7.Elect,vt,.,选举，推选,We will elect a mayor soon.,Mr.Smith was elected chairman of the meeting.,as chairman of the meeting.,to be chairman of the meeting.,8.Would/had rather,宁愿,Would rather than,宁可,也不,Id rather stay at home than go out.,Hed rather you,came,on Friday.,这是一种虚拟语气用法，表明说的话是一种不大可能实现的愿望，即星期五不来,Id rather I,had seen,him at the party last night.,也是一种虚拟，事实上昨天没有见到他。,Reading,1.more than 2.inform,vt,3.relate vi 4.switch,vt&vi,5.for once 6.rather than,7.contact,vt&n,8.reflect,vt,9.present,vt&n&adj,10.effort n,11.even though/if,12.be addicted to,13.ignore,vt,14.draw attention to,15.on all sides 16.tolerate,vt,1.more than,He is more than a friend to us.,We are more than glad to help you.,The cold is more than we can bear.,There were more than 100 people at the party.,More A.than B.,与其说,B,，不如说,A,More brave than wise,Hes more diligent than wise.,No more than,不过，仅仅,Not more than,至多，不超过,2.inform,vt,We informed him that we should start the next morning.,He informed us of his arrival.,Please inform us when to start.,3.Relate,a.,理解或同情某人，欣赏,I cant relate what he does to what he says.,They are related to me by marriage.,Students find it difficult to relate to the life of a scientist.,b.,把。和。联系起来,relate to/with,与。有关系,be related to,4.switch,vt,Switch on/off,the radio.,He is always switching jobs.,we switched ideas at the meeting.,5.for once“,这一次,”,(,平时不这样,),For once he was telling the truth.,The child is behaving himself for once.,at once all at once,once upon a time once more/again,6.rather than “,而不是,”,Rather than,后接动词不定式时，可省咯不定式符号,to,She likes to keep things rather than(to)throw them away.,The,colour,seems red rather than green.,I love the child rather than his brother.,He rather than you is going there with me.,They ran rather than walked,7.present,n&adj&vt,Here is a present for you.,We live in the present,not the past.,She is all right,at present.,That is enough,for the present.,I am pleased to see so many people present,at the conference.,At the present moment they are supposed,to be in Beijing.,On Teachers Day the students,presented,flowers,to,the teacher.,On Teachers Day the students,presented,the teacher,with,flowers.,He presented his opinions and sat down.,Every country of Latin America presents a,similar picture.,May I present you to my classmate?,8.effort n,The efforts to get my work finished,ahead of time has tires me out.,Learning any language takes a lot of effort.,make(an)effort(to)do,sth,.,spare no effort to do,sth,9.It is/was the first time that,It was the first time that China had sent an astronaut into space.,It is the fifth time that he has called you up today.,10.tolerate,vt,I wont tolerate that kind of,behaviour,.,How can you tolerate that noise while,you are working?,The school can not tolerate cheating in exams.“,允许,”,The passengers were robbed _ all their money.A.of B.off C.from D.Away,When she did some shopping in the crowded shop,she had her pocket_.,A.robbed B.stolen C.picked D.cheated,3.He felt _ when his friend refused his kind help.A.hurt B.injured C.harmed D.damaged,4.The hotline helps to keep the leader _ whats happening at each moment.,informing of B.informed of,C.be informed to D.is informed that,5.Rather than _ on a crowded bus,he always prefers _ a bicycle.,ride;ride B.riding;ride,C.ride;to ride D.to ride;riding,6.The question _ at tomorrows meeting will be very important.,A.discussed B.being discussed,C.been discussed D.to be discussed,7.-Do you like the book Sidney gave you?-Very much.Its exactly _I wanted.,A.one B.the one C.one what D.which,8.The parents felt helpless when they found that their son had _ love stories for long.A.addicted B.addicted to,C.addicted himself D.been addicted to,9.Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane.,A.where B.which C.while D.why,10.Did you attend the meeting _ yesterday?A.to be held B.having been held C.held D.being held,11.Do you know the name of the play _ in the hall now.,A.to be put on B.being put on C.put on D.putting on,12,I borrowed a book _ by Mark Twain from the library last week.I like it very much.A.written B.writing,C.to write D.write,13.Four _ five in the class dont agree with him.,A.out B.into C.of D.out of,14._ a reply,he decided to write again.,Not receiving B.Receiving not,C.Not having received D.Having not received,15.When he is seeing the _ film,he is very _.,bored;disappointing,boring;disappointed,C.boring;disappointing,D.bored;disappointed,17.Nothing can stop a _ student _ his mind to give up his studies.,promised;to change,promised;changing,C.promising;changing,D.promising;to change,18.Make sure the gas is _ before you go to bed.,A.switched on B.switched off,C.turned on D.turned down,19.He called the police for help,_ that the problem was more than he could deal with.A.having been,realised,B.to,realise,C.,realised,D.,realising,20.My children are always arguing.,-_.A.Just ignore them.,B.Thats right.C.Are you sure?,D.How old is the boy?,21.Seldom _ that it was he himself who used to make mistakes.A.did he realize B.has he realized C.he realized D.does he realize,22.We are _ by the doctors to eat more natural food and take plenty off physical exercises.A.suggested B.warned C.informed D.advised,23.She had two daughters,_ became doctors.,A.all of them B.both of them,C.all of whom D.both of whom,非,谓语动词的语法作用,主语,表语,宾语,定语,状语,补语,不定式,动名词,v.-ing,形式,v.-ed,形式,一、作主语,常用形式,:to do,和,doing,Taking exercises,does good to your health.,To see,is to believe.(Seeing is believing.),注意,:,It is,no good/use,crying,over spilt milk.,It is,useless,speaking,.,Its,nice/good,sitting,here with you.,二、作宾语,1.,只接动词不定式,agree afford ask decide demand expect fail help hope manage offer plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem wish,只接动名词作宾语,consider suggest look forward to admit avoid miss delay keep,practise,deny finish enjoy appreciate cant help mind escape imagine risk lead to devote to,2.,接动词不定式和动名词都可，但含义不同,Forget remember stop try mean go on,regret,to do,后悔遗憾去做某事,doing,后悔做过某事,3.,接动词不定式和动名词均可,Like love hate,4.allow/advise/forbid/permit,doing,sth,.,Sb,.to do,sth,.,We dont allow smoking here.,We dont allow students to smoke.,5.need,require,want,作“需要”解时，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语，表示事情需要（被）做。,need/require/want,Sb,.to do,Sth,.doing,/to be done,The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned.,6.be worth,n.(,表示钱数或相当于钱的名词,),doing,be worthy,of being done,of+n.,to be done,值得,The place is worth visiting.,The place is worthy of a visit/of being visited/to be visited.,那个地方值得一去。,7.,前有实意动词,do,后面省略动词不定式,to,We could do nothing but wait.,We had nothing to do but wait.,We have no choice but to wait.,三、作表语,My job is to teach you English this term.,My job is teaching English.,（动名词）,Teaching English is my job.,The performance was,exciting,.(,现在分词,),They were all,excited,at the performance.,过去分词作表语,(Predicative),(1),过去分词作表语时，多表示主语所处的状态。,The door remained,locked,.,She looked,disappointed.,He seemed quite,delighted,at the good news.,常见作表语的过去分词有,：,disappointed,drunk,amused,frightened,married,excited,experienced,interested,confused,pleased,puzzled,satisfied,tired,worried,等。,（,2,）,-ing,作表语与,-ed,作表语的区别,过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的心理状态，主语往往是人，常译成“感到,的”,现在分词作表语，往往表示主语所具有的特征，主语一般是物，常译成“令使人,的”,The result,of the test is disappointing.,I,feel disappointed in the result of the test,.,The story,is very interesting.,He,is interested in the book.,What a surprising result!,I,am surprised at what he said.,四、作定语,1.,不定式作定语,Get,sth,.to eat.,Have a house to live in.,独立结构,To be frank(,坦率地讲,)to be honest to tell the truth to be safe(,为安全起见,)to be short(,简短地说,),2.,动名词作定语,动名词作定语通常表示它所修饰名词的用途，与其不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。,a,sleeping,boy =a boy who is sleeping (,现在分词,),a,walking,stick =a stick for walking,3,过去分词作定语,(Attribute),（,1,）位置 过去分词及过去分词短语作定语，与所修饰词之间存在着逻辑上的,被动关系,。,单个,的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词,前面,；过去分词,短语,作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词,后面。,Last Sunday we went on an,organized,trip to the forest.,A letter,posted today,will reach him the day after tomorrow.,注,：过去分词 现在分词被动语态 动词不定式被动语态,过去分词,表示动作已经完成,现在分词被动语态,分词被动动作正在发生,动词不定式被动语态,不定式动作将要发生,Most of the guests,invited,to the party,were,her classmates.,Did you,hear,the noise,being made,by the running train?,The building,to be finished,at the end of this year will be our new teaching building.,练习,Have you read the novel _(write)by Dickens?,Listen!The song _(sing)is very popular with the students.,The question _(discuss)at the tomorrows meeting is a very important one.,in the given time,with the words given,a wanted person,workers wanted,a concerned look,the people concerned,在既定的时间内,用所给的时间,被通缉的人,招聘工人,关切的神情,有关人士,（,2,）个别翻译,(3),语法功能,过去分词或过去分词短语作定语时，其功能相当于一个定语从句。,The lecture given by Professor Zhang is about environment protection.,The lecture,which was given by Professor Zhang,is about the environment protection.,(4),过去分词和现在分词作定语,过去健忘作定语与它所修饰的词之间存在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的,被动,或,已完成,现在分词作定语与所修饰的词之间存在着逻辑上的主动关系，表示该动作的,主动,和,进行,a,drowning,man,a,drowned,man,falling,leaves,fallen,leaves,a,retired,worker,an,escaped,prisoner,returned,students,快要淹死的人,已经淹死的人,正在飘落的树叶,落叶,退休工人,逃犯,归国留学生,the,changing,world,the,changed,world,（正在变化的）,（变化了的）,boiling,water,boiled,water,（,正在沸腾的）,（已经沸腾过的）,a,developing,country,a,developed,country,(,发展中的,),（发达的）,I know the people,building,the house there.(,主动、进行）,the people who are building the house,The house,built,over there is a shop.,（,被动、已建好）,=the house which is built over there,1.Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa.,A.invited B.to invite,C.being invited D.had been invited,2.As soon as she entered the room,the girl caught sight of the flowers _ by her mother.(93,上海,),buying B.being bought,C.were bought D.bought,3.Dont use words,expressions or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge.(93,上海,),being known B.having been known,C.to be known D.known,4.The computer center,_ last year,is very popular among the students in this school.(93NMET),A.open B.opening,C.having opened D.opened,5.,Please dont forget him.He is one of _.,A.those invited B.invited those,C.those inviting D.inviting those,6.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.(NMET 94),having written B.to be written,C.being written D.written,7.Look at the note_ to the door,you will see that someone paid a visit when we are away.,pinning B.pinned,C.being pinned D.is pinned,8.I was very _ to find all the tickets had been sold out when I got there.,disappoint B.to disappoint,C.disappointing D.disappointed,9.-A woman was killed.,-Where is the body of the _ woman?,murder B.murdered,C.murdering D.having murdered,五、作状语,1.,ing,(,现在分词,),作状语,现在分词作状语，句子中的主语为现在分词这一动作的逻辑主语。现在分词可作时间、原因、方式、伴随和结果等状语。,a.,表时间,Seeing the picture,I cant help thinking of the old days.,b.,表原因,Being so poor,he couldnt go to school.,c.,表方式、伴随,He came running.(,方式,),He sat there reading a book.(,伴随,),d.,表结果,Her husband died leaving her four children.,e.,表条件,Working hard,youll succeed.,f.,表让步,Riding a bike or driving a car(whether you ride a bike or drive a car),you must follow traffic rules.,(,注,),现在分词的动作先于谓语动词的动作，一般用它的完成式表示,Not having seen her before,he did not know she was his daughter.,(,注,)Generally speaking Supposing Judging from,2.-ed,（过去分词）作状语,过去分词作状语，修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等。一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语。,Heated,water changes into steam.,Deeply moved by the story,the child began to cry.,a,、,表示时间,Seen from space,the earth looks blue.,When it,is seen,from space,the earth looks blue.,b,、,表示条件,Kept in refrigerator,these vegetables will remain fresh.,If they are kept in refrigerator,these vegetables will remain fresh.,c,、,表示原因,d,、,表示伴随情况,Deeply moved by the story,the children began to cry.,=As they were deeply moved,the children began to cry.,She walked out of the house,followed by her little daughter.,=She walked out of the house,and was followed by her little daughter.,e,、表示让步,Beaten by the enemy,he refused to let out the secret.,=Although he was beaten by the enemy,he refused to let out the secret.,1._ a reply,h
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