第四讲__副词.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,第四讲,副词,学习指南,副词在句子中起修饰、评述和连接的作用，所以,有修饰性副词、评述性副词和连接性副词之称。同,时，由于该类副词在句子中均作状语，所以也有修,饰性状语、评述性状语和连接性状语的说法。要想,学好本讲中的内容，读者须做到如下两点：,1,、牢记三类词中所涉及的英语副词及相对应的中文,意思；,2,、设法用所掌握的副词进行口头或笔头造句。,一、修饰性、评述性和连接性副词的用法：,、修饰性副词：,修饰性副词的种类：,1,）时间副词：,now;then;today;tomorrow,2,）方式副词：,slowly;quickly;anxiously,3,）地点副词：,here;there,作定语，修饰名词,4,）频度副词：,often;rarely;seldom;usually,5,）程度副词：,very;quite;rather;somewhat,修饰性副词的作用：修饰动词、形容词、副词、名词、数词、介词或过去分词等，在句子中做修饰性状语。,注意：,1,、频度副词一般放在谓语动词的前面，或 “,Be”,动词的后面。,2,、时间副词、地点副词和方式副词通常放在句末。如果它们同时出现，那么应先写地点副词，然后写方式副词，最后写时间副词。,例如,:,She is,always,late for school.,（,always,修饰形容词,late,）,She,often,works far into the night.,（,often,修饰动词,works,）,He told me the news,quite,proudly.,（,quite,修饰副词,proudly,）,His son has been lost for,about,six days.,（,about,修饰数词,six,）,The old man,there,is my English teacher.,（,there,修饰名词,man,）,She seldom drives her car,very,carefully,.,（,very,修饰副词,carefully,）,The,down,-hearted,fellow is my son.,（,down,修饰过去分词,hearted,）,He usually answers my questions,slowly.,（,slowly,修饰动词,answers,）,Our family has moved here for,nearly,40 years.,（,nearly,修饰数词,40,）,All the students,here,must leave here at once.,（,here,修饰名词,students,）,He possesses a,well,-built house in the village.,（,well,修饰过去分词,built,）,There is a tall tree,just,in front of our house.,（,just,修饰介词,in front of,）,America is a,highly,-developed country,（,highly,修饰过去分词,developed,）,附加说明：,1,、副词做定语修饰名词时，其作用相当于一个形容词。不,过，做定语的副词通常要放在被修饰词的后面，做后置修饰,语：,时间副词：,today;yesterday;overnight;afterwards;,地点副词：,here;there;ahead;abroad;home;upstairs,above;downstairs;below;off;back,例如：,I have five,days,off,this month.,（,休息,日）,The,love,overnight,means a lot to them.,（,一夜,情）,The,journey,home,will be very pleasant.,（,回家的,旅程）,The,direction,back,is completely wrong.,（,回程的,方向）,The,information,below,is very important.,（,以下的,信息）,The,travel,abroad,will be very dangerous.,（,国外的,旅行）,We are familiar with the,neighbors,upstairs.,（,楼上的,邻居）,The,meeting,afterwards,will be held in Shanghai.,（,随后的,会议）,2,、评述性副词：,评述性副词包括：,maybe,meibi,也许,surely,u,li,的确,clearly,kli,li,很明显,briefly,bri:fli,简而言之,luckily,l,kili,幸运的是,honestly,nistli,老实说,frankly,fr,kli,坦率地说,actually,kt,li,事实上,probably,pr,b,bli,也许,certainly,s,:t,nli,当然,obviously,bvi,sli,显然,definitely,definitli,明确地,naturally,n,t,r,li,自然地,generally,d,en,r,li,一般来说,technically,teknik,li,技术上,practically,pr,ktik,li,事实上,financially,fai,n,n,li,财政上,personally,p,:s,n,li,个人而言,apparently,p,r,ntli,很明显,superficially,su:p,fi,li,表面上,fortunately,f,:t,n,tli,幸运的是,scientifically,sai,n,tifik,li,科学上,undoubtedly,n,daubtidli,毫无疑问,surprisingly,s,praizi,li,令人惊讶的是,评述性副词的作用：评论或评述一件事情，在句子中做评,述性状语。,注意：,1,、评述副词的作用就是对整个句子（通常是一件事情）进行,评论。,2,、评述副词通常放在句子前面，并用逗号（，）与句子隔开。,3,、有些评述副词也可以放在句末，但必须用逗号（，）与句,子隔开。,4,、除副词做评述性状语外，介词词组、非谓语动词分句和无,动词分句等也可以做评述性状语。,例如：,In my opinion,she is right.,依我之见，她是正确的。,To be more exact,he is a northerner.,更准确地说，他是北方人。,Mystified,I dialed him again.,因为迷惑不解，所以我又给他打了一次电话。,Briefly,she is a thief,.,简而言之，她是一个小偷。,Honestly,he is a good boy,.,老实说，他是一个好男孩。,Frankly,this is a good idea,.,坦率地说，这是一个好主意。,Clearly,he has won the match,.,很明显，他已经赢了这场比赛。,Obviously,she dare not accept the fact,.,显然，她不敢接受这个事实。,Undoubtedly,you have made a big mistake,.,无疑，你犯了一个大错误。,Apparently,she has got married for several times,.,很明显，她已经结过几次婚。,Personally,I dont like this oil painting.,就我个人而言，我不喜欢这幅油画。,Scientifically,his experiment is a success.,从科学的角度，他的实验是成功的。,Practically,their marriage is the model of us.,事实上，他们的婚姻是我们的典范。,Surprisingly,she survived the plane accident.,令人惊讶的是，她幸免于飞机事故。,3,、连接性副词：,连接性副词的类型：,1,、表示列举和顺序：,firstly,f,:stli,首先,secondly,sek,ndli,其次,thirdly,:,dli,再次,lastly,l,:stli,最后,finally,fain,li,最后,last,l,:stli,最后,2,、表示意义增补或等同：,besides,bi,saidz,此外,moreover,m,:,uv,此外,equally,i:kw,li,同样地,likewise,laikwaiz,同样地,similarly,simil,li,同样地,furthermore,f,:,m,:,此外,3,、,表示结果、转折或让步：,so,s,u,所以；,therefore,f,:,因此,thus,s,因此；,however,hau,ev,然而；,hence hens,因此；,nevertheless,nev,les,然而,instead,in,sted,相反；,contrarily,k,ntr,r,li,相反,anyhow,enihau,不管怎样；,anyway,eniwei,不管怎样；,consequently,k,nsikw,ntli,结果,4,、表示推论、时间过渡或改变话题：,otherwise,waiz,否则，不然,meanwhile,mi:nwail,在这期间，另一方面,incidentally,insi,dent,li,顺便提一下，对了,例如：,1.Come here at once.,Otherwise,you will be,sorry for it.,2.,Incidentally,Can you tell me where he lives in,that city?,3.I must go to bed now.,Likewise,you must go to,bed too.,4.He was not dead.,Instead,he lives quite well,with his family.,5.He is often criticized.,Nevertheless,his brother is often praised.,6.She is a very arrogant queen,hence,unpopular among the people.,7.It is very cold outside,therefore,he decided to,stay at home.,8.He was the top student of our class.,However,he failed to pass the exams.,9.He is an actor and director.,Besides,he is also,the Chairman of the Board.,10.She has many advantages for this position.,Firstly,she has beautiful faces;,Secondly,she possesses a university certificate;,Thirdly,she is familiar with this job and the people,around here;,Finally,she has many rich,relatives,who can help her when in trouble.,附加说明：,除上述副词在句子中做连接性状语以外，,下列介词词组、不定式短语或句子也可以做,连接性状语：,1.,表示列举和顺序：,to begin with,首先,to start with,首先,in the first place,首先,in the second place,其次,for one thing,一方面,for another thing,另一方面,2.,表示意义增补或等同：,in addition,此外,for example,例如,what is more,此外,for instance,例如,above all,最重要的是,that is to say,即是说,in the same way,同样地,3.,表示结果、让步或转折：,as a result,结果,in spite of,尽管,at any rate,无论如何,in any case,无论如何,on the other hand,相反地,on the contrary,相反地,4.,表示概括或总结,in all,总共,to sum up,总之,in a word,总之,in conclusion,总之，最后,5.,表示时间过渡、改变话题或推论：,in the meantime,在此期间,by the way,顺便提一下,in that case,如果那样的话,in other words,换句话说,说明：,Anyhow,anyway,at any rate,和,in any,case,均有“不管怎样”和“无论如何”的意思。,不过，在肯定句中，,anyhow,有“不管怎样”,的意思，在否定句中，,anyhow,有“无论如何”,的意思。其它三个无此区别。,二、副词的作用：,副词最主要做状语,。少数副词也可以做表语，宾补,或后置定语。,1,、做状语,Frankly,she loves him very much,.,（,Frankly,为评述性状语）,She can,speak,Cantonese,fluently,.,（,fluently,为修饰性状语）,He gets a poor memory,.,Moreover,he is very lazy,.,（,Moreover,为连接性状语）,2,、做表语,She is,downstairs,now.,（,downstairs,在楼下,）,All the street lights are,on,tonight.,（,on,开着,）,He and his classmates are all,through,.,（,through,通过了,）,3,、做宾补,You can find,it,everywhere,.,We will see,you,off,tomorrow.,She cannot tear,herself,away,from her husband.,说明：宾语和副词之间逻辑上有主谓关系，所以副,词做宾补。,4,、做定语,The,direction,back,is completely wrong.,（,回程的,方向）,The,information,below,is very important.,（,以下的,信息）,The,travel,abroad,will be very dangerous.,（,国外的,旅行）,说明：绝大多数副词做定语时放在被修饰词的后面。少数副,词也可以放在被修饰词的前面，做前置修饰语。,例如：,the,up,boat,上行的船,the,down,boat,下行的船,the,home,match,主场比赛,the,away,match,客场比赛,the,upstairs,neighbor,楼上的邻居,the,downstairs,neighbor,楼下的邻居,