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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,高考语法复习,动词时态与语态,1/76,Humourous Moments,The Father and His Son,Father:,You know,Tom,when Lincoln,_(be),your age,he,_(be),a very good pupil.In fact,he,_(be),the best pupil in his class.,Tom:,Yes,Father.I,_(know),that.But when he,_(be),your age,he,_(be),Presidentof the United States.,was,was,was,was,was,know,2/76,Who is the laziest?,Father,：,Well,Tom,I _(ask)your teacher,Today,and now I _(want)to ask you a question.Who _(be)the laziest person in your class?,Tom:,I _(not know),Father.,Father:,Oh,yes,you_(do)!Think!When the,Other boys and girls_(read,and write),who _(sit)in class and only _,(watch)how the other people work?,Tom:,Our teacher,teacher.,asked,want,is,dont know,do,are reading and writing,sits,watches,3/76,熟读深思,熟读以下各句,结合谓语动词形式体会谓语动词发生时间或所处状态,了解不一样时态使用方法与组成。,1.I,get up,at 7,：,00 every morning.,我天天早上七点起床。,(,经常动作,),动词时态,4/76,2.The sun,rises,in the east.,太阳从东方升起。,(,客观真理,),3.Practice,makes,perfect.,熟能生巧。,(,格言或警句,),4.We often,played,together when we were children.,我们小时候常在一起玩。,5/76,5.They,re having,a meeting now.,他们现在在开会。,(,现在,),6.I,m studying,at an evening school.,我在上夜校。,(,现阶段,),7.She,s always helping,others.,她老是帮助他人。,(,赞扬,),6/76,8.I knew you,would agree,.,我知道你会同意。,(,在过去某个时候看来,将要发生事,),9.I,have seen,the film already.,我已经看过那部电影了。,(,暗示：我已知道电影内容了,),7/76,10.She,has been,a dancer for ten years.,她已当了十年舞蹈演员了。,(,从十年前开始一直到现在,),11.When the police arrived,the thieves,had run,away.,警察抵达时,小偷们已经跑了。,(,过去过去,),8/76,12.When Jack arrived he learned Mary,had been,away for almost an hour.,当杰克到来时,他才了解到玛丽已经离开差不多一个小时了。,(,过去过去,),13.The Chinese,have been making,paper for two thousand years.,中国人造纸有,年了。,(,两千年前开始造纸,现在依然在造纸,),9/76,14.He will come if you,invite,him.,假如你请他,他会来。,(,条件句中在普通现在时代替普通未来时,),15.The plane,takes,off at 11,：,30.,飞机十一点半起飞。,(,时刻表中要求,),10/76,16.Mike,is coming,home on Thursday.,迈克星期四回来。,(,近期计划,常与表示未来时间状语连用,),17.What,are,you,going to,do tomorrow?,你打算明天做什么呢？,(,打算,),11/76,18.Look at the clouds;it,s going to,rain.,你看天上云,快下雨了。,(,已经有迹象表明,),19.They,are to,be married in June.,他们将在六月结婚。,(,正式安排,),20.He,is about to,set off for Beijing.,他马上要去北京。,(,即将,),12/76,归纳总结,1.,时态是英语谓语动词一个形式,表示动作发生时间和所处状态。英语中时态是经过动词形式本身改变来实现。高考考试说明中要求要掌握有以下,10,种时态：,13/76,时态,名称,组成(以do为例),主要使用方法,普通现在时,do/does,经常性或习惯性动作，客观事实，现在状态,普经过去时,did,在过去某个时间里所发生动作或存在状态,普通未来时,will/shall do,在未来某一时刻要发生动作或存在状态,14/76,过去未来时,would do,在过去某一时刻看来将要发生动作或存在状态,现在进行时,am/is/are doing,表示现在或现阶段正在发生动作,过去进行时,was/were doing,表示在过去某一时间内正在进行动作,未来进行时,will/shall be doing,表示未来某一时间正在进行动作,现在完成时,have/has done,表示说话之前已发生或完成动作或状态，其结果影响现在依然存在；也可表示连续到现在动作或状态,15/76,过去完成时,had done,表示在过去某一时间或某个动作之前已经发生或完成动作，即“过去过去”；表示从过去某时开始一直延续到另一个过去时间动作或状态,现在完成进行时,have/has been doing,表示一个从过去就开始一直延续到现在并有可能继续下去动作,16/76,2.,表示未来有各种方式,请注意比较：,will/shall do,表示单纯未来或暂时决定。,be going to do,表示主观打算或已经有迹象表明将要发生某事。,17/76,be about to do,表示即将，不与表示未来时间连用。,do/does,(,普通现在时,),在时刻表中要求要发生某事或在时间、条件状语从句中。,be to do,按计划或正式安排将发生事。,18/76,最惯用几个时态与时间状语搭配,普通现在,every,sometimes,at,on Sunday,现在进行,now,现在完成,for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,up to now,in the past years,always,recently,普经过去,yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982,just now,过去进行,this morning,the whole morning,all day,yesterday,from nine to ten last evening when,while,过去完成,before,by,until,when,after,once,as soon as,普通未来,next,tomorrow,in,过去未来,多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后动作,19/76,一、对普通现在时考查,1.,考查其,基本概念,：普通现在时表示一个,习惯性、经常性,动作。常与表示习惯副词,always,every time,now and then,occasionally,often,seldom,sometimes,usually,等连用。但近几年，对,普通现在时考查,惯用,过去时态或现在完成时态,对考生进行,干扰,。,1)Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea,which _the Pacific,and we met no storm.,（,年辽宁卷）,was called B.is called,C.had been called D.has been called,20/76,2.,考查普通现在时,替换使用方法,：,在以,when,till/until,as soon as,by the time,after,before,等引导时间状语从句，在以,if,unless,once,等引导条件状语从句和以,no matter,however,even if,等词引导让步状语从句中，假如,主句,中动词用,普通未来时,，,从句,中动词通惯用,普通现在时或现在完成时,代替,普通未来时,。,What would you do if it _ tomorrow?,We have to carry it on,since weve got everything ready.,（,年全国卷）,A.rain B.rains C.will rain D.is raining,21/76,二、对普通过去时考查,普通过去时表示在过去某时某刻发生动作或存在状态，它常与表过去时间状语连用，如,yesterday,last year,last night,the other day,just now,then,two days ago,in 1999,at that time,等。不过普通过去时也经惯用在没有说明过去时间状语句子中，这是高考命题方向。,I,bought,a new car,three days ago,.,More than a dozen students in that school _ abroad to study medicine last year.,（,年上海卷）,A.sent B.were sent,C.had sent D.had been sent,now,bought,22/76,三、对现在进行时考查,由,上下文语境,表示时间。,1)Whats the terrible noise,？,The neighbors _ for a party,（,年北京卷）,A.have prepared B.are preparing,C.prepare D.will prepare,2)Because the shop _,all the T-shirts are sold at half price.,（,年浙江卷,34,题）,has closed down B.closed down,C.is closing down D.had closed down,3)Are you still busy?,Yes,I _ my work,and it wont take long.,A,just finish B.am just finishing,C,have just finished D.am just going to finish,23/76,4)Since I won the big prize,my telephone hasnt stopped ringing.People _ to ask how I am going to spend the money.,phone B.will phone,C.were phoning D.are phoning,5)Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.,is changing B.has changed,C.will have changed D.will change,24/76,四、对过去进行时考查,I,was walking,down the street when it,began,to rain.,When it,began,to rain,I,was walking,now,25/76,1.,把过去进行时放在,when,while,as,等引导时间状语从句中考查。假如主句谓语和从句谓语都发生在过去，,动作时间长用过去进行时,，表示,谈话背景,；,动作时间短用普通过去时,，表示,新信息,。,You were out when I dropped in at your house.,Oh,I _ for a friend from England at the airport.,（,年福建卷）,A.was waiting B.had waited,C.am waiting D.have waited,26/76,2.,把过去进行时放在,某特定语境,中考查。,Has Sam finished his homework today?,I have no idea.He _ it this morning.,（,年全国卷）,A.did B.has done,C.was doing D.had done,3.,考查,过去进行时,与,普通过去时,比较。,Shirley _a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it.(98,）,A.has written B.wrote,C.had written D.was writing,27/76,五、对现在完成时考查,1.,现在完成时表示,过去动作,对,现在影响,或表示,经验。,2.,现在完成进行时表示,过去动作一直延续至今并可能继续下去,，常与,for,或,since,等短语连用。,I_(graduate)in 1993 and in that year I _(begin)to teach English in a middle school.I _(teach)there for five years.Five years later,I _(move)to Pinghu.I_ (teach)senior English in Danghu High School for nearly 9 years ever since then.,graduated,began,taught,moved,have taught/have been teaching,1993,now,1998,9 years,5 years,28/76,1)He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _ that they wont support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.(,湖北,),were deciding B.have decided,C.decided D.will decide,2)Millions of pounds worth of damage _by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.,（,重庆）,has been caused B.had been caused,C.will be caused D.will have been caused,29/76,3)The window is dirty.,I know.It _ for weeks.,（,全国卷）,hasnt cleaned B.didnt clean,C.wasnt cleaned D.hasnt been cleaned,注：由终止性动词,leave,arrive,come,go,return,begin,start,put,stop,start,put,stop,die,fall,buy,borrow,see,等,组成完成时不能与,for,或,since,引导时间状语连用,。但这些,终止性动词否定式,能够与,for,或,since,短语连用,。,Eg.I,havent met,him,for two years,.,30/76,3.,考查,现在完成时,与,普通过去式,区分：,普通过去时着重说明动作发生时间、地点、方式等，与现在不发生联络，且句中普通有表示过去时间状语；而现在完成时只说明现在情况，对现在有影响。,Where _the recorder?I cant see it anywhere.,（,98NMET,）,I _ it right here.But now its gone.A.did you put;have put,B.have you put;put,C.had you put;was putting,D.were you putting;put,31/76,The CCTV,has been broadcasting,English programs ever since 1977.,1977,now,六、对现在完成进行时考查,组成,:,have/has been+doing,概念,:,表示从过去某一时刻发生动作，一直延续到现在，而且还可能继续下去。,32/76,现在完成进行时,与,现在完成时,区分以下：,1.,现在完成时与现在完成进行时,I,have written,an article.,I,have been writing,an article.,2.,有些延续性动词，如,live,teach,work,study,learn,stay,等因现在完成时与现在完成进行时差异不大。,I have lived here for ten years.,=I have been living here for ten years.,Notes,：,表,短暂动作动词,（,finish,marry,get up,come,go,等）,普通不能用现在完成进行时,。,强调：已完成性,强调：连续性，,未完成性,33/76,1)Now that she is out of a job,Lucy_going back to school,but she hasnt decided yet.,（,年北京卷）,had considered B.has been considering,C.considered D.is going to consider,2)-Hi,Tracy,you look tired.,“-I am tired.I _ the living room all day.,A.painted B.had painted,C.have been painting D.have painted,34/76,七、对过去完成时态考查,过去完成时，经常,以“过去”为背景,，要想表示比这一背景更早动作，即“,过去过去,”，惯用此时态。,Eg.When we,got,to the theatre,they,had sold,all the tickets.What a pity!,had sold,got,Now,过去过去,35/76,George and Lucy got married last week.Did you go to their wedding?,No,I _.Did they have a big wedding?,（,年湖北卷）,A.was not invited,B.have not been invited,C.hadnt been invited,D.didnt invite,36/76,常见考点有：,把过去完成时放在含有,when,before,after,until,as soon as,等引导时间状语从句复合句中考查。,1)When the old man _ to walk back to his house,the sun _ itself behind the mountain.,（,年湖北卷）,A.started;had already hidden,B.had started;had already hidden,C.had started;was hiding,D.was starting;hid,37/76,把过去完成时放在,by+,过去时间点,或,by the time+,从句（普通过去时）,句子里考查。,By the end of last year,another new gymnasium _ in Beijing.,（,年上海春）,A.would be completed,B.was being completed,C.has been completed,D.had been completed,38/76,1.-Do you work here?,-No,I dont really work here.I _ until the new secretary,comes,.,just help out,B.have just helped out,C.am just helping out,D.will just help out,举一反三破定势,造成思维定式干扰原因：,comes,从现主将,误选,just,完成时标志,误选,B,题眼,：,I dont really work here,暂时性工作,正确选项,C,Just,多义：刚正只不过引发祈使句,39/76,2.I_in London,for many years,，,but Ive never regretted my final decision to move back to China.,(,重庆卷,).,lived B.was living,C.have lived D.had lived,造成思维定势干扰原因：,for many years,完成时标志,误选,C/D,解题关键：,For many years,与现在无联络,普通过去时,A,40/76,被 动 语 态,41/76,熟读深思,朗诵以下被动句,体会被动语态使用方法,;,观察谓语部分,思索各种时态被动语态组成。,1.The G8,is made up,of political leaders.(BSDM4,P 22),被动语态,42/76,2.The Group of Eight,or G8,was formed,by eight of the worlds wealthiest nations in 1998.(M4,P 22),3.The news,is being celebrated,by crowds in the streets.(M4,P 23),43/76,4.At 12:45 UK time today,the name of the host city for the Olympic Games,was being announced,by IOC in Singapore.(M4,P 23),5.Reforms,have been demanded,by people from all over the world.(M4,，,P 22),44/76,6.Londons name,had been announced,twice before.(M4,P 23),7.It,is going to be remembered,as a historical meeting this year,as the topic of Africa will be discussed in detail.(M4,P22),45/76,8.They want the leaders to cancel the debt of Africas poorest countries so that the problems there,can be prevented,from getting any worse.(M4,P 22),46/76,不知道或没有必要说明动作执行者是谁,或者需要突出或强调动作承受者时,就用被动语态。被动语态由“,be+,过去分词”组成，时态、人称和数改变是经过,be,来表达。以,do,为例,请完成下表：,归纳总结,47/76,时态,被动语态组成,1,普通现在时,am/is/are+done,2,普经过去时,was/were+done,3,现在进行时,am/is/are being+done,4,过去进行时,was/were being+done,5,现在完成时,have been+done,6,过去完成时,had been+done,7,普通未来时,be going to/will be+done,8,含情态动词,情态动词,+be+done,48/76,1.,只有及物动词才有被动语态。但,cost,，,have,，,own,，,lack,，,agree with,，,suffer from,，,belong to,等及物动词或及物短语动词也没有被动语态。,2.,像,happen,，,take place,等不及物动词是没有被动语态。,注意：,49/76,3.,带有介词短语动词被动语态,不要遗漏介词。如：,The children will be looked after well here.,这些孩子在这里将受到很好照料。,50/76,4.,以下情况惯用主动形式表示被动含义：,系动词,feel,，,look,，,seem,appear,，,taste,，,sound,，,smell,，,prove,，,remain,等用主动形式表示被动意义,主语通常是事物。如：,The material feels very soft.,这种料子摸起来很柔软。,51/76,write,，,read,clean,，,sell,，,wash,cook,，,open,，,close,，,lock,等否定式或与,well,badly,easily,等副词连用,主语由内在品质或性能使谓语得以实现或不能实现时。如：,The book sells well.,那本书很畅销。,The window wont open.,这扇窗开不了。,52/76,cook,，,bake,，,make,，,print,，,pack,，,build,，,work out,等动词用于进行时态时。如：,The fish is cooking.,鱼正在煮。,53/76,在语法填空中,动词时态是必考内容。,10,空中通常有一空是考查时态,其中,最有可能考是普通过去时或者是主要是第三人称单数普通现在时态,以及现在进行时、过去进行时和普通未来时。,被动语态是可能要考内容,尤其是普通现在时或普通过去时被动语态。若掌握好被动语态,在写作中适当利用,可使句子愈加多样化,有时甚至会愈加自然、生动。,时态语态与高考,54/76,有一空是考查非谓语动词。所以，解题方法以下：,首先要判断括号中所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词；若是谓语动词，,一是依据主语与谓语动词关系判断用主动语态还是被动语态；,二是依据详细语境来判断用哪一个时态；,三是要注意主谓一致，最终才能确定所填动词形式。,注意：,55/76,在确定谓语动词时态时,我们可从三个方面来进行判断：,1.,看句子中时间状语或时间状语从句；,2.,在没有时间状语或时间状语从句时,要看上下文谓语动词形式；,56/76,3.,看是否是特殊句型。如：,was/were about to do.when.did,It is/has been+,时间段,+since,从句,(,普通过去时,),It had been+,时间段,+since,从句,(,过去完成时,),57/76,It will be+,时间段,+since,从句,(,普通现在时,),It/This/That is the first time that.have/has done.,It/This/That was the first time that.had done.,58/76,Hardly had+,主语,+done.when.did.,No sooner had+,主语,+done.than.did.,这么句型还有很多,平时要注意积累。,59/76,几个时态替换问题,A,：普通现在时代替未来时,：,除了在时间、条件、让步状语从句中用普通现在时代替未来时外，表示现在已安排好未来事项，行程等活动也用普通现在时来代替未来时。如：,The museum opens at ten tomorrow.,博物馆明天,10,点开门。,(,实际上天天如此。,),B,：普通现在时代替完成时：,句型“,It is since”,代替“,It has been since”It is(=has been)five years since we last met,C,：普通现在时代替进行时：,在全部倒装句中都用普通现在时代替现在进行时。如：,Look,here comes Mr.Li.,60/76,请依据以上技巧,完成以下历年高考试题。,1.The sun was setting when my car _(break)down near a remote village.,broke,2.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their natural course.Being too anxious to help an event develop often _(result)in the contrary to our intention.,results,61/76,3.People stepped on your feet or _(push)you with their elbows,hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.Her mother was excited.“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,”Jane _(inform).,pushed,was informed,4.I got on the bus and found a seat near the back and then I noticed a man sitting at the front.He _(pretend)that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.,was pretending,62/76,1.If you dont like the drink you _(order),，,just leave it and try a different one.,灵活利用,ordered,2.Ill go to the library as soon as I finish what I _(do).,am doing,3.The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant _(give)in his place but,luckily,everything was going on smoothly.,was giving,63/76,4.It is the most instructive lecture that I _(attend)since I came to this school.,have attended,5.In the last few years thousands of films _(produce)all over the world.,have been produced,6.Last month,the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they _(receive)from China.,had received,64/76,7.By the time Jack returned home from England,his son _(graduate)from college.,had graduated,8.Tom _(work)in the library every night over the last three months.,has been working,9.Tommy is planning to buy a car.,I know.By next month,he _(save)enough for a used one.,will have saved,65/76,10.Is everyone here,？,Not yet.Look,there _(come)the rest of our guests!,come,11.Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _(wear)evening dress.,wears,12.Every few years,the coal workers _(have)their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.,have,66/76,13.The book has been translated into thirty languages since it _(come)on the market in 1973.,14.When you are home,give a call to let me know you _(arrive)safely.,came,have arrived,15.Up to now,the program _(save)thousands of children who would otherwise have died.,has saved,67/76,16.In the near future,more advances in the robot technology _(make)by scientists.,will be made,17.Experiments of this kind _,(conduct)in both the U.S and Europe well before the Second World War.,had been conducted,18.After getting lost in a storm,a member of the navy team _(rescue)four days later.,was rescued,68/76,19.All visitors to this village _(treat)with kindness.,are treated,20.The church tower which _,(restore)will be open to tourists soon.The work is almost finished.,is being restored,21.This coastal area _(name)a national wildlife reserve last year.,was named,69/76,22.Linda,m
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