通用考博英语完型课程讲义.pdf

背经典句型第三章：完形填空专项练习Passage 3(1)(2)(3)(2004 清华大学)For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy.But for the people who cross it frequently one crossing of the Atlantic is very much like another,and they do not make the voyage for the 61 sake of its interest.Most of us are quite happy when we feel 62 tired enough to go to bed and pleased when the journey 63 is over.On the first night this time I felt especially lazy and went to bed 64 rather earlier than usual.When I 65 arrived in my cabin,I was surprised 66 to see that I was to have a companion during my trip,which made me feel a little unhappy.I had expected 67 to be akme but there was a suitcase 68 like mine in the opposite corner.I wondered who he could be and what he would be like.Soon afterwards he came in.He was the sort of man you might meet 69 anywhere,except that he was wearing 70 such good clothes that I made up my mind that we would not 71 get on well together whoever he was and did not sav 72 a single word to him As I had expected,he did not talk to me either but went to bed immediately.I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night.I felt cold but covered 73 myself as well as I could and tries to go back to sleep.Then I realized that a 74 draft was coming from the window opposite.I thought perhaps I had foreotten 75 to close the door,so I got up 76 to shut the door but found it already locked from the inside.The cold air was coming from the window opposite.I crossed the room and 77 as I did so the moon shone through it on to the other bed.78 There was no one there.It took me a minute or two to 79 remind locking the door myself.I realized that my comDanion 80 must have jumped through the window into the sea.61.A.reason B.motive C.cause D.sake VThere are many reasons for the phenominon.for the sake of.固定搭配 因为.的缘故62.A.tired enough V B.enough tired C.enough tiring D.enough tiring enough修饰名词前置，修饰形容词时后置。63.A.is achieved B.finish C.is over V D.is in the end主语是the journey,单数，一般现在时谓语加-s,可见B选项finish不对。in the end只能当副词=finally,不能做表语，D选项 不对。is over表示结束了，很合适。is achieved,表示成功达到一些抽象的东西，如理想，有褒义色彩，不适合这里。64.A.quite B.rather V C.fairly D.somehow谁能修饰比较级，谁就是答案。rather可以修饰比较级。quite只能修饰adj.原级。65.A.arrived in V B.reached to C.arrived to D.reached atreach是及物动词，不需要to,at。arrive in大地点/at小地点，选项A是固定搭配。66.A.for seeing B.that I saw C.at seeing D.to see Vsee是不能用seeing形式的。可见选项A和C都不对了。固定搭配be surprised to do67.A.being lonely B.to be lonely C.being alone D.to be alone V考expect的用法，expect to do,期望做某事，还没做，用不定式。68.A.like V B.as C.similar than D.the same that想表达“和一样”。similar than没这样的说法。选项D.the same that要加句子，不适合后面不是句子，不行。The watch is the same that you had lost.这就是你丢的那块表。The watch is the same as you had lost.这块表和你龙丢 的那块表一摸一样。like是介词+名词。as是连词+句子。69.A.in each place B.for all parts C.somewhere D.anywhere V选项A和B都不是什么固定搭配。应该在C和D中选。70.A.a so B.so C.such a D.such Vso修饰形容词和副词。such修饰名词或名词短语。选项A和B排除了。good clothes是一个集合名词短语，全面不能加a。C也 排除了。只有选D 了。71.A.treat together well B.pass together well C.get on well together V D.goby well together 只有C和D是固定搭配。get on well with sb.=get along with sb.友好相处。D中go by是流逝的意思，主语应该是时间等东西，完 形 填 空不是人。选C。72.A.him a single word B.him not one word C.a single word to him V D.not one word to him 选C.73.A.up me B.up myself C.up to myself D.myself up Vas well as尽可能.go back to sleep接着睡。cover up sth./cover sb.up,这种结构中，代词只能放在中间。选myself up。74.A.draft V B.voice C.air D.sound前面有a,排除，不能选C。draft草稿、穿堂风（熟词僻意），热门答案。开门是关不住voice和sound,所以这里排除B和D。75.A.to close VB.closing C.to have to close D.for closingforge doing忘了做过某事76.A.to shut Vforget to do忘了去做某事 选A。B.for shutting C.in shutting D.but shutdose和shut都不用ing形式。排除B和C。这里没有转折的意思，排除D。选A。77.A.while doing like that B.as I did like thatC.as I did so V D.at doing soAB选项like用错了。表示象.，而且like后面加具体的喻体。选C,当我这样做的时候。78.A.It was no one B.There was no one V C.It was anyoneD.There was anyone79.A.remind to lockB.remember to lock C.remind locking VD.remember locking80.A.had to jumpB.was to have jumped C.must have jumpedJ D.could be jumped定语从句（1）任何院校必考语法英语从句要跟在他所修饰的的词的后面，不可前置。定语从句与同位语从句的区别。定语从句一定缺成分。The fact that he is honest is true.虚线部分是一个同位语从句。不是定语从句。That he is honest is tnie.这是主语从句。开 头就是引导词that。关系代词和关系副词的区别。1.The professor and her achievement you.told me about are admired by us all.A.who B.which C.that V D.whom从句中about缺宾语。这个宾语的含义是The professor and her achievement,既有人，有有物，只能选that。代替名词的词就是代词。从句中之所以要用代名词，是因为其中缺了名词。所以，从句中缺名词（主语、宾语、标语、定语）时，用 关系代词。关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whoseo关系代词：that人|物；which物。还有高级关系代词：as,than,buto 5.This is the best book on the subject.A.which there is B.that there is V C.which is D.what is 当先行词是最高级或者被最高级修饰的时候，关系代词只能用that,不能用which.2.1 dont suppose anything happens he doesnt foresee.A.that V B.which C.what D.asforesee是及物动词，空里所差的是foresee的宾语，空里需要填的是关系代词。这个从句用来修饰anything,先行词是不定代词的 时候，关系代词只能用that。注意：happen是不及物动词，它不差宾语。关系副词就是副词，关系副词是用来代替副词的，所以关系副词又叫带副词。之所以从句需要关系副词，是因为从句中缺少状语（副 词）。从解题的角度来说：选词填空的空里缺的是副词（状语）时，填关系副词。定语从句中的状语（时间I地点I原因）都是介词短语（介词+名词）。定语从句中缺地点状语时，关系副词用where；缺原因状语时，关系副词用why；缺时间时，状语从句时用when.关系副词总共只有这三个：where,why,when0定语关系词只有这11个：关系代词（8个）：that,which,who,whom,whose,as,than,but,关系副词（3个）：why,when,whereo除此以外，什么what,how,before,while都与定语从句毫无关系。定语从句练习Unitl（1）15.This is the shop I.often spt eak.to.you.A.where B.which C.of which V D.in whichspeak既可以及物也可以不及物，那么这个从句差不差宾语呢？当它是及物动词，这空里应该填宾语，用whici。当它是不及物动词,按speak of谈及某事而言，空里应该填of which。B和C都算对。句子意思为“这就是我跟你谈起过的那家商店。”比较可取，选C为最佳答案。16.This is the shop I often buy.food.stuff.A.where V B.which C.of which D.to which这个从句差地点状语，用where。或者in which也对。10.There cant be any life on Venus,the temperature is as high as 900F.A which B when C.where V D there这里必须选个连词。there排除了。句子中什么成分都不缺。但从句意思不完整。差说明什么地方温度那么高。用where才对。31.1 have kept up a friendship with a girl who _1 was at school twenty.years ago.A.about B.since C.till D.with Vsince貌似是对的，可以是连词也可以是介词。填这里只能当介词理解。但since只能是时间点，不能跟时间段。20年前是无数个点，不能选。Lwas_a工school，这个从句系表结构啥也不缺。这个从句用who引导的，这个句子是用来修饰a girl的。应该把at school 理解为状语。真正的系表结构应该是：be with sbo与某人在一起。应该填with。定语从句（2）三个重要的关系代词3.Such people know Tom thought he was a tmstworthv man.A.that B.which 排除 C.as D.what 排除虚线部分充当thought的宾语，是省略了 that的宾语从句，波浪线部分，know Tom是谓语和宾语，这个谓语缺主语，所以，波浪线部分差主语。这个从句用来修饰such people,可见是定语 从句。引导定语从句，只有关系代词（8个）：that,which,who,whom,whose,as,than,but,关系副词（3个）：why,when,where0可 见，选项中的what选项D首先被排除。先行词中有such,后面再不可能用whicho排除B。这题考such as和such that的区别。选谁呢？句子的意思是：像他们这样认识汤姆的人都认为汤姆是一个值得信任的人。such that表示如此以至于（与sothat有点 关联吧），其中的that引导结果状语从句；such as表示像样，引导定语从句。这里选C。that必须加完整的句子作为从句。这里 的空后面的从句不完整，也表明这里不能用that.只能选C选项asoAs 引导定语从句：eg.He is honest as we know.As we know he is honest.as可以引导定语从句（完整句子），也可以引导状语从句（缺成分的句子）。we know,缺少宾语。宾语是he is honest,是整个主 句。as引导的这个从句we know从来修饰整个句子。除了 as以外，只有一个词也有这个本事，whichoas的意思是正如，He is honest as we know.正如我们知道的那样，他很诚实。which,表示那一点儿，as引导的定语从句位置灵 活。As we know he is honest.其中的as we know还是从句，因为他不完整，缺宾语（he is honest是主句，不是know的宾语），所以，虽然位置变了，但它仍旧是定语从句。因为其位置灵活，所以老爱考。Passage 1As亚绫.。1冢145S。卜。工号正如以前讨论的那样，这个从句中as必须充当主语，也就是说，as后面这个句子缺成分主语，所以这是 定语从句。As.time.went by 随着时间的流逝，这个从句，as后面是个完整的句子，time是主语，went by是谓语，不及物，这是一个完整 句，所以这是一个状语从句。Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries.Yet much had happened 1.As was discussed before,it was not 2 the 19th centurythat the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 3 following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 4 of the periodical.As time went by,computers became smaller and more powerful,and they became“personal”too,as well as 13 with display becoming sharper and storage 14 increasing.Passage13Families have also 13 changes these years.more families consist of one-parent households or two working parents:14 children are likely to have less supervision at home 15 was common in the traditional family 16.13.A.survived B.noticedC.undertakenD.experienced14.A.contrarily B.consequentlyC.similarlyD.simultaneously15.A.than B.that前面没有such,as,so等与他构成固定结构，C.whichas不可以选。D.as16.A.system B.structure C.concept2.1 dont suppose anything happens _ he doesnt foresee.A.that B.which C.what D.asD.heritage完 形 填 空前面没有such,as,so等与他构成固定结构，as不可以选。3.Such people _ know Tom thought he was a trustworthy man.A.that B.which C.as V D.what11.The reason.,he died was lack of medical care.A.which B for that C as D why V 他去世的原因是缺乏医疗。the reason是个名词，应该跟定语从句，he died for some reason，这里应该填for which,选项中没 有这一项。只有why与for which等同。只能选why。-14.We may encounter situations_this principle cannot be applied.A.where B.which V C.what D.as 排除as引导限制性定语从句时，前面必须有such,as,so等与他形成固定结构，否则，就不要选as.这里把as给排除了。这是从句一个完 整的句子。是个限制性定语从句，只能用which和as来引导。as刚才已经被排除了，只好选which 了。as与which的区别:在引导限制性定语从句时，as只能用在一些固定结构里，比如:as.as.,such.as.,so.as.,the same as，这些as都可以引导限制性定语从句。但which没这个限制，不需要固定结构。as适用的场合少。which适用的场合多。在引 导非限制性定语从句时，用as表示，从句和主句是一致关系，用which表示从句和主句是不一致或相反关系。例句：正如我们所期 望的，他把婚给结了。这里用as。他才18岁，就把婚给结了，太出人意料了。这里用which。七、最后一个关系词是buto but是表并列的转折连词。就句子意思而言，but后面的部分更重要。for也是一个并列连词，because 是一个从属连词。and是并列连词。并列连词不能放句首。and放句首，就成了副词，不是连词了。for+从句，不能放句首。但because+从句，随便放。but放在名字后面，引导一个从句，成为从属连词。表并列的转折连词是不能放在名词后面的，应该加句号，再加but引导转折并列句。but引导定语从句，有这么几种情况：Q）but做关系代词，引导定语从句，这个从句一定是缺主语的。（2）主句要有否定词but相当于thatnot,或者whonot,例如:There is no ne but errs.人无完人。=There is no one who doesnt err.but=who.not 定语从句：what前面不能有名词；as引导限制性定语从句，前面应该有such,as,so,same;but前面应该有否定词 no,none,hardly,never;that和which的区别就是前面有逗号的时候只能选which.7、定语从句练习Unitl（2）10.There cant be any life on Venus,_ the temperature is as high as 900F.A which B when C.where V D there25.The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds（足够的证据）_ his argument in favor of（支持）the new theory.A.which to base on B.on which to base VC.to base on which D.which to be based on选项都是to base,不是谓语。非谓语动词做定语。base on是基本搭配。base his the new theory on sufficient grounds ABC which room to live when to leave where to go how to do 复合疑问词 动词不定式复合结构 介词提前的趋势B选项并不是定语从句。23.They will move into the new house next Friday,_it will be completely furnished.A.by the time B.by which time VC.by that time D.by this time必须有连词。AD排除。BC里面有that和which,可能成为正确答案。和by搭配了，只能选B,by which time,到哪个时间。从 句里面缺什么？缺时间=next Friday.下周五的那个时间，要填的是个定语。20.The quality of teaching（教学质量）should be measured by the degree _ the students,potentiality is developed.A.of which B.with which C.in which D.to which V从句是用来修饰 degree。the students Dotentialitv is develoDed to some degree.,to some extent。degree 已经出现，省略,要 to some 就选 to which.26.Water enters into a great variety of chemical reactions（化学反应），have been mentioned in previous pages.A.a few of 排除 B.a few of which V C.a few of that 排除 D.a few of thementers into开始。空后面是从句，有逗号，不能选that。A选项a few of和D选项a few of them不能用来引导从句。只能选 B.8、完形填空的出题方向（1）固定搭配优先选。能在原文中通过上下文的复现找到答案的，尽量按复现的。能表达逻辑关系的比不能表达逻辑关系的优先选。爱考 并列结构。either.or.,转折，让步，对照。passage 5（武汉大学）Are you always sure you know what people mean when they try to describe their feelings to you?We use both words and gestures to express our feelings,but the problem is the these words and gestures can be interpreted in different ways.It is true that a smile means the same things in any language.So 51 laughter or crying.There are also a number of striking similarities in the way different animals show the 52 feeling.Does,tigers and humans,for example,often show their teeth when they are angry.This is probably 53 such behavior patterns are inherited rather than 54.Fear is another emotion that is shown in 55 the same way all over the world.In Chinese and in English fiction,a phrase like he went pale and began to tremble1 suggests that the man is 56 either very afraid or has just had a very nasty shock.However/he opened his eyes wide is used to suggested anger in Chinese 57 in English it conveys surprise.In Chinese surprise can be described in a phrase like1 they stretched 58 their tongues1.Sticking out your tongue in 59 is an insulting gesture or expresses disgust.Even in the same 60,people differ 61 their ability to interpret and express feelings.Experiments in America have shown that women are usually better than men 62 recognizing fear,anger,love and happiness on peoples faces.Disgust,contempt and suffering seem to 63 the most difficult emotions for people everywhere either to recognize or to 64.Other studies have 65 so that older people usually find 66 easier tointerpret body language（the way people stand or move etc.）than younger people 67,and psychologists such as E.G.Beier have also shown that some people frequently give completely the wrong impression of 68 they feel.For instance,they try to show affection but in fact actually communicate dislike.Or when they want to show interest,they give the impression that they dont care.This can happen even among close friends and members of the same family.In 69 words,what we think we are communicating through language,voice,face and body movements may be the exact 70 of what other people understand.differ A from B A 不同于 B differ in sth.在 sth 方面不同 differ A from B in sth9、定语从句练习Unitl（3）定语从句小结：关系代词和关系副词一共 11 个。关系代词（8 个）：that,which,who,whom,whose,as,than,but,关系副词（3 个）：why,when,whereo 用关系代词还是关系副词，取决于后面从句所缺的成分。后面从句中缺（主、宾、表、定语）名词时用关系代词hat,which,who,whom,whose,as,than,but;后面从句中缺（状语）介词+名词时用关系副词why,when,where。共同点：关系代词或者关系副词后面的从句都缺名词，说明该从句是用来修饰这个名词的。例如：14.We may encounter situations_this principle cannot.be applied.A.where B.which C.what D.as这个定语从句貌似是完整的，但是他和situation没扯上关系，要不上介词，把这个从句与先行词连贯起来。从意思上看这里应该补完 形 填 空上in these situations在这种情况下，应该选where010、what从句的特点what从句只当主/宾/表从句,what从句相当于一个名词（而定语从句相当于一个形容词）；what不能放在名词后，what相当于all that或者 名词+that。what不能引导定语从句或同位语从句。what引导宾语从句的时候放在及物动词的后面，偶尔也放在介词的后面；what引导表语从句的时候放在系动词后面，口 what引导的从句不完整。从句不完整是罕见的。主/宾/表从句都可以是完整的。J主/宾/表从句一般都是完整的。只有what引导的主/宾/表从句不完整。What you said is true.在英语中，从句部分不完整的情况（爱考），往往只有三种，绝大多数是定语从句（缺是定语从句永恒的宿命），偶尔是what引导的 定语从句，或是省略的状语从句。9._makes it rather disturbing was arbitrary circumstances（特别专制的痕迹）both of my arrest and my subsequentfate in court.A.That B.What V C.Which D.Where这里是主语从句。而且这个主语从句缺主语。选what,在从句中充当主语。如果是that引导的话，后面应该什么成分都有。that和 which的区别：在主语、表语、同位语从句中只能用that不能用which,只能用wither不同用if.15.When reports came into London Zoo a wild Duma had been SDOtted fortv-five miles south of London,theywere not taken seriously.A.what 排除 B.as 排除 C.which 排除 D.that从句是用来修饰report的，这是一个同位语从句。which就不行。只能用that。what从句只能用在及物动词后面，或者介词后面。这里不符合what从句的使用要求，what不行。as这一辈子只能引导状语从句和定语从句，不适合这里。排除。答案为thato能引导省略状语从句的条件哪些词可以引导省略状语从句？while,when,although,even though,if,or less这几个词后面的从句在一定条件下可以不完整：Q）从句主语与主句主语相一致;（2）从句是主系表结构。同时满足这两个条件，可以省去从句中的主语和系动词。He would go to school while he was ill.这里while是连词。并不是直接接了形容词，仅仅是省略了主语和系动词。定语从句中只能缺个名词或是介词。what从句只能省名词。省略式状语从句可以省名词或代词以及系动词。10.,Dr.Smith has long been a severe critic of the governments economic policies.A.Although not being an economist himself 非谓语形式 表状态，表属性的词都没有ing进行时。B.Although he is not an economist himself VC.Although not having been an economist himself 非谓语形式D.Although being no an economist himself尽管Dr.Smith本人不是一个经济学家，但他长期以来一直尖锐地批评政府的经济政策。no=not any there is no water in the bottle,there is not any water in the bottle.选项 D,用的 no,有问题。no=not any。没有no+单数名词的。AC都是非谓语形式的省略。系动词表状态、属性、存在。表状态、表属性、存在的词都没有-ing进行时。只 有选项B,如果加上He was（主语和系动词），则成为一个完整的句子，在这里充当从句。11、than引导定语从句的情况只