毕业论文-网上订餐系统.pdf

Online Reservation System for RestaurantBy Yijun GuBSc(Hons)Computing Science Staffordshire UniversityA project submitted in partial fulfilment of the award of the degree of BSc(Hons)Computing Science from Staffordshire UniversitySupervised by Martin PaisleyApril 2009Staff ords hireUNIVERSITYChapter 1:IntroductionChapter 2:ResearchChapter 3:AnalysisChapter 4:DesignChapter 5:ImplementationChapter 6:TestingChapter 7:Critical EvaluationChapter 8:ReferenceAppendixAbstractWith the developing of Internet,almost every family has at least one computer.Online reservation is taking the place of Telephone reservation in restaurant.To conveniently make an order by Internet,an online reservation system is necessary.This report describes the design and implementation of such system.Chapter 1Introduction1 IntroductionThis report focuses on the design and development of an online reservation system which can easily make an order at restaurant website.Already existing products provide the initial research.Something new and useful designing will be added to system through the research.1.1 BackgroundOnline reservation system is a very new thing for some people,especially for some Chinese which just left home and coming to England.They have not much familiar with online system when they live in China,usually they will use telephone ordering and they may have some language difficulty at UK.I have therefore decided to investigate those existing systems in UK and create a system with easy operation,friendly interface and with a bilingual in Chinese and English online reservation system.1.2 ObjectivesThe objectives I would like to achieve in this project fall into three categories.The first is to do some research into similar systems,the HTML language,ASP,the Access database,the Internet security,the methodology and HCI(Human Computer Interaction).The second objective is to design and implement a system that will allow customs to browse the website and make orders.The third is to produce a completed report documenting the different stages of the project.This report will include analysis,design and implementation,to finish with testing and evaluation.The user manual,code listing,and logbook(Gantt chart)will be included in appendices.1.3 Project DeliverablesThe deliverables for this project fall into five main sections,they are as follow:Research Analysis Design and Implementation Project management Testing and Evaluation1.3.1 ResearchThis section will include research into HCI,HTML,investigation of similar system and databases.Research will allow me to start the analysis section with enough information of what has to be achieved.1.3.2 AnalysisThe methodologies will be analyzed at this part.Any possible problems found during the research section will be solved.This section will also include some UML diagrams.1.3.3 Design and ImplementationThe design section will contain frame designs as well as the core design of the system and the way it is implemented.Architecture and database design sure will be included at this section.1.3.4 Project managementA Gantt chart can be found in appendix which describes the time management of each process.1.3.5 Testing and EvaluationThe testing and evaluation section will focus on finding and solving problems or errors.And a critical evaluation will be contained.The conclusions can be found at the end of this section.Chapter 2Researches2 ResearchesThere are four main sections will be included in this part,they are as follow:Investigation HCI Database HTML2.1 InvestigationThere are several existing online reservation website of restaurant such as Pizza Hut.Three different websites are evaluated here to compare different features,and gain an understanding of best frame and architecture to take when designing a new website.In the following pages,good and bad points about each website evaluation standard will be examined and comprehension gained on what to improve in the website to be.The three website which will be evaluated is as follow:i.Pizza Hut-url:http:www.pizzahut.co.uk/ii.Perfect Pizza-url:http:www.pecfectpizza.co.uk/iii.TGF Pizza-url:http:www.tpfpizza.co.uk/There are five level of the standard,1 5,1 is the worst level,contrary 5 is the best.2.1.1 Pizza HutA very famous pizza restaurant,they serve over 97,000 pizzas and 171,000 customers a day at UK.There are over seven hundreds Pizza Hut restaurant in the UK,so they almost can deliver their pizza to everywhere in the UK.Using the evaluation criteria of www.mcil.co.uk and Ethan Watrall&Jeff Siarto(2009)the evaluation table is as follows:1.URL(Intuitive)-short and simple52.Look and feel-Readability43.The navigation system is intuitive and easy to use.54.Site maps are easy to understand and present a completely alternative method of navigating the site to the user.45.Details about menu-pictures,recipes,quantity,price,etc.46.The convenience of make order,register,checkout.57.Details about checkout-name of item,description,quantity,price,etc.48.The security of customer account.49.Integrity of postcode database.510.Other useful functions are included.4According to this table,as one of the biggest pizza restaurant their online reservation system is very well.There are several places deserve to consult:an intuitive URL,a concise home page,an integrity menu,detailed customer information and easy to operate.Overall,the design of this website is quite well,but there are somewhere can improved like the menu can has more pictures,the home page can be little finery.2.1.2 Perfect PizzaAlso is a pizza restaurant,started out in 1982 and have 110 stores across the UK.They have lower price than Pizza Hut but taste is good.The restaurant devotes them to become the nation*s first choice for perfect pizzas at the perfect price.The evaluation table is as follow:1.URL(Intuitive)-short and simple52.Look and feel Readability53.The navigation system is intuitive and easy to use.34.Site maps are easy to understand and present a completely alternative method of navigating the site to the user.45.Details about menu-pictures,recipes,quantity,price,etc.56.The convenience of make order,register,checkout.47.Details about checkout-name of item,description,quantity,price,etc.58.The security of customer account.19.Integrity of postcode database.510.Other useful functions are included.3The perfect pizzas website has a perfect menu page.The customer can customize their own pizza by put some ticks on the list.Unfortunately the customer can not register their information on this website.They have to rely on the browser to remember their information.But the customer need not to pay with the credit card,they can pay cash when the pizza delivered.2.1.3 TGF PizzaThe TGF Pizza concept of franchising began in 1997 and has grown to more than 30 franchises throughout the UK and Europe.There is one store near to the Stafford.They have a very simple website.The evaluation table is as follow:1.URL(Intuitive)-short and simple42.Look and feel-Readability33.The navigation system is intuitive and easy to use.44.Site maps are easy to understand and present a completely alternative method of navigating the site to the user.35.Details about menu-pictures,recipes,quantity,price,etc.36.The convenience of make order,register,checkout.07.Details about checkout-name of item,description,quantity,price,etc.08.The security of customer account.09.Integrity of postcode database.110.Other useful functions are included.0You can browse the menu of this restaurant,but you cannot make an order online.So it get zero from the sixth standard.Although it has postcode database I cannot find any store near my postcode.2.1.4 ConclusionThe aim of this research is to evaluate some of the best features of existing systems and try to create a better system.These three online reservation system are good enough for use except last one,but if combine their advantages to design a new system,it will be the better than each of them.Due to my limit ability on programming and perhaps there are some technique difficulty results in that I cannot develop a better website.Overall,a good online reservation system for restaurant should has a impressive home page,a detailed menu,a intuitive navigation system,a good HCI design and easy to make an order.2.2 HCIHuman Computer Interaction is the study,planning,and design of what happens when people and a computer work together.HCI consists of three parts:the user,the computer,and the ways they work togetherThe goals of HCI are to produce usable,safe and functional systems.In order to produce computer systems with good usability,developers must meet the follow points:Understand the factors which determine how people use technology Develop tools and techniques to enable produce suitable systems Achieve effective,efficient and safe interactionThe same goals can be applied to Website development.Websites should be safe,usable and functional,so that users can perform the task at hand without any obvious problems or usability errors.(Nicky Danino,2001)2.2.4 ColourThere*s nothing like the right choice of colours to make a Web page work.And nothing likes the wrong colours to spoil your content.Be the most important part of web design,it gives the visitor first impression about the site within the first nine seconds of a visit.Download speed is a critical aspect of web page design.Therefore the size of pages is one of the key issues during the designing.As possible as avoid use large image,flash and video is very important.On the web,colour is a visual design element which is without cost.Unlike images,users do not pay the price because colours setting do not increase page load times.Colour is a mighty tool for visual design;it can be used to set an identity,express the site s mood and personality,draw attention,bring imagination for related things,convey information,differentiate elements,and more.As above said,some colour has their own unique association.Some common colour meanings as follow:Red is associated with blood,and with feelings that are energetic,exciting,passionate or erotic.Most colours carry both positive and negative implications.The downside of red evokes aggressive feelings,suggesting anger or violence.Orange is the colour present flesh,or the hearth fire.The positive implications of this colour suggest approachability,informality.The negative side might imply the lack of discrimination or quality.Yellow is the colour of sunshine,a colour present optimistic,upbeat,modern.The energy of yellow can become overwhelming.Therefore yellow is not a colour that tends to dominate fashion for long periods of time.Green suggests nature,life,stability,restfulness,naturalness.On the other hand,green in some certain contexts such as green skin might instead suggest decay and toxicityBlue suggests coolness,distance and spirituality.Some shade of blue is flattering to almost anyone.In its negative mode,like blues,present the sadness,passivity,alienation,or depression.(Analysis by Vaishali Singh of CareerCommunity.Com Ltd)At most of the time,White is a wonderful balance between colours.When designer cannot decide which colour is best for the website,white is a simple solution.Usually,using more than 4 major colours are unnecessary and inadvisable.Limited colours on web means smaller file sizes,faster loading and most importantly,more readable.Legibility mostly depends on the perceived contrast between text and background.With low-contrast typography,reading is difficult as readers must focus on distinguish letterforms.Colour perception is effected by many factors,including physiological factors like aging and colour-blindness and environment factors such as room lighting and displays.Colour differentiation is powerfullyinfluenced by contrast in brightness,or light-dark contrast.All colours displayed on a computer must be translated into the RGB colour space.(See Figure 1,Peggy Wright,Diane Mosser-Wooley and Bruce Wooley)Figure 1 RGB CubeThere are some people cannot distinguish certain colours or is using technology that does not display colour.When colour is used to identify required fields or to emphasize important text,such people may not b able to gain the information.For universal usability,pages must be usable without colour.The human eye contains a lens and a retina.The retina contains light sensitive receptors known as rods and cones.The main purpose of the rods is to provide night vision,while the cones work at higher levels of light intensity.The cones contain photo pigments,just like the photoreceptors,which are sensitive to red,green,or blue.(Above theory based on Sarah Horton,2006)Brightness contrast increases legibilityBrightness contrast increases legibilityBrightness contrast increases legibilityComplementary colours are most effectiveComplementary colours are most effective)nt colors are less effectiveent colours are less effectiveFigure 2 Colour Contrast(Access by Design Copyright 2006 by Sarah Horton,pagel57,Figure 11.2)In a nutshell,according Murch s rules(1984)being a wonderful colour master of web design should complying follow advices:Avoid the simultaneous display of highly extreme colours.Avoid adjacent colours that differ only in the set of blue Aging operators need higher brightness levels to distinguish colours.A Avoid RED and GREEN in the fringe of large-scale displays.Opposite colours go well together.For colour blind users,avoid single-colour distinctions.Use bright colours like red for getting attention Use spectral colour set(red,green,yellow.)Keep the number of colours smallIf possible,should allow users to override colour settings so that they can assign colour that have some sense for them.2.2.5 AccessibilityWeb accessibility means making the site work for everyone including people with disabilities.Basically,accessibility is both the process and the techniques used to create a site that can use by someone with a disability.More specifically,accessibility demanding the designer build a website which allows people with disabilities perceive,understand,navigate,and interact with the web.Web accessibility usually deals with visual,auditory,physical,speech,cognitive,and neurological disabilities.It also benefits others,including older people.(Idea from Ethan Watrall and Jeff Siarto,2009)Visual disabilities include blind,low vision,or have colour blindness.They need text equivalents for the images used on the web page,because their assistive screen reader technology cannot obtain the information from the image.Due to the mouse requires hand and eye coordination,a person who has a visual disability will not find it useful.Instead,this person must navigate the Web page using only the keyboard.The majority of people who are blind use a screen reader to browse the web.Those who have low vision need the assistance of a hardware or software magnifier to enlarge the text beyond simple font enlargement.People who are colour-blind or low vision benefit from good contrasting colours.People w