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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,Language is power!,语言就是力量！,第1页,英语句子重音、语气、连读、弱读、爆破及意群,第2页,句子重音,Must I stick it on myself?,Must I stick it on myself?,Must I,stick it on my,self?,在连贯话语中，不可能全部词都一样主要，必定有些词较为关键，有些词则相对次要一些。普通来说，关键词需要重读，这就是句子重音，而其它词则无须重读。,第3页,名词、实义动词、形容词、副词、数词、指示代词、疑问词和感叹词等普通都重读。,而冠词、介词、连词和普通性代词则不重读。,Note,第4页,What s the,matter?,The,sweater is,beautiful.,Your,book is on the,desk.,He,started,counting it.,He,usually,gets up at,six oclock.,第5页,助动词、情态动词和,be,动词是否有句子重音？,1.,助动词、情态动词和,be,动词普通没有句子重音，但在附加句中能够重读，在简答句中则必须重读：,He wont do it,will he?No he,wont.,You can do it,cant you?Yes,I,can.,You were trying,werent you?Yes,I,was.,2.,助动词、情态动词和,be,动词与,not,连成一词时要重读：,She,doesnt,like the,weather here.,I,cant,speak,French,。,They,arent,waiting for us.,He,isnt a tech,nician.,第6页,3.be,用在普通疑问句句首时，重读是否均可：,Is he a,worker?,Is he a,worker?,比较句中重音,在比较句中，重音落在,as,或,than,后代（名）词上：,This is better than,that.,John is taller than,Bill.,Shes as happy as a,lark.,Hes as sly as a,fox.,第7页,逻辑重音,句子重音总是要表现说话人思想和他所要表示意思重点。有时为了强调，句子中几乎任何词都能够有句子重音，包含一些通常没有句子重音词，这种,依说话者意图重读音就是逻辑重音,。,第8页,Are you,angry with me?,Are you,angry with,me?,Are,you,angry with me?,Did you tell my,wife?,Did you tell,my wife?,Did,you tell my wife?,We,heard,John,talking.,We,heard John talking.,We heard,John talking.,第9页,语气,英语语气主要有,降调、升调和平调,三大类。,不一样语气能够表示说话人不一样态度和不一样隐含意思。,英语中同一句话采取不一样语气会产生截然不一样语意概念。如“,Yes”,。,语气含有强烈感情色彩，它使语言更富有表现力。,第10页,用于祈使句,Go back to your seat!,Please do not hesitate to contact me.,用于感叹句,What a small world!,Oh!My poor Mathilde,how youve changed!,用于选择疑问句中“,or”,之后部分,Do you want to ride or walk?,Would you like coffee or tea?,第11页,用于陈说句,I have already read that book.,That street is two miles long.,用于特殊疑问句,What has happened to him?,Which direction is it to the post office?,注意：,特殊疑问句有时可用升调表示请他人重复刚说过话：,What is your major?,Where shall we go for the holiday?,降调,第12页,用于罗列中最终一项之前各项,For each incomplete sentence,there are four choices marked A,B,C,and D.,We study Chinese,history,geography,and English.,用于陈说句，表示疑问、怀疑、未定、猜测或期待等,Your really want to do it?,She might have gone.,I think so.,第13页,用于置于句首状语短语或状语从句,After dinner,I read a magazine and made telephone calls.,While you were writing letters,I was reading a book.,用于并列句第一个分句，表示句子还未说完,My fever is gone,but I still have a cough.,My major is English,and I like it.,用于委婉祈使句,Excuse me,sir.Can you help me?,用于称呼语,Mrs.Smith,this is Tom Jones.,第14页,用于普通疑问句,Do you mind if I sit here?,Can you hand in your compositions today?,注意,：普通疑问句有时也可用降调，表示一个不耐烦口气，或表示命令等。,Are you satisfied?,Will you take off your hat,please?,升调,第15页,用于直接引语后，表示话是谁说,“,We are going to Florida,”she said brightly.,“How do you feel,boy?”I asked him.,平调,第16页,3 minutes speech,第17页,“,连读,”是在,一个意群内,进行，它是在说话较快时自然产生一个语音连读现象。,在同一意群中，,前一词以辅音音素结尾，后一词以元音音素开头,，在说话或朗诵句子时，习惯上很自然地将这两个音素合拼在一起读出来，这种语音现象叫,连读,。,连读条件：,相邻两词在意义上必须亲密相关，同属一个意群。,连读,第18页,假如相邻两词中前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。,1.“,辅音,+,元音”,come out look at take it off beat it drop in,put on bend over keep on an orange read it,one of us half an hour stand up put it on not at all first of all a cup of tea take it easy back in a minute in an hour pick it up an hour and a half let him in A group of people put on their coats and went out.,第19页,i.,英语语音中,/j/,和,/w/,是半元音，假如前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以半元音，尤其是,/j/,开头，此时也要连读。,Thankyou.,ii.,音同化也是一个连读现象，两个词之间非常平滑过渡，造成一个音受临音影响而改变。,t d s z+j,要发生音变。,2.“,辅音,+,半元音”,第20页,辅音,t,与,j,相邻时，被同化为,t,：,t+j t,Nice to meetyou.,Cantyou do it?,Ill letyou know.,Is thatyour car?,No,notyet.,第21页,辅音,d,与,j,相邻时，被同化为,d,：,d+j d,Didyou get there lateagain?,Wouldyou likea cupof tea,？,Couldyou help me,please?,第22页,辅音,s,与,j,相邻时,被同化为,：,s+j ,God blessyou.,I missyou.,第23页,辅音,z,与,j,相邻时,被同化为,：,z+j ,How wasyour vacation?,He saysyoure good.,第24页,假如前一个词以元音结尾，后一个词以元音开头，这两个音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到一起。,DoI?,Youre ju sohonest.,Iam Chinese.,Heis very friendly to me.,She wants to studyEnglish.,Howand why did you come here?,She cant carryit.,Itll take you threehours to walk there.,The question is tooeasy for him to answer.,3.“,元音,+,元音”,第25页,爆破音,/p/,，,/b/,，,/t/,，,/d/,，,/k/,，,/g/,和摩擦音,/f/,，,/v/,，,/W/,其中任意,2,个相暂时，前一个音会轻音化，即由相关发音器官做好这个发音姿势，稍做停顿后即发后面音。假如这些音在词尾，也要轻音化。,Si(t)down,contac(t)lens,Da(d)told)me,goo,(,d)night,The girl in the re(d)coat was on a bla(ck)bike jus(t)now.,The bi(g)bus from the fa(c)tory is full of people.,Wha(t)time does he get up every morning?,This is an ol(d)pi(c)ture of a bi(g)car.,The ol(d)do(c)tor has a ca(t),too.,4.“,辅音,+,辅音”,第26页,假如前词尾辅音与后词尾辅音相同，前辅音省略。,I was so happy.,I have got to go.I have gotta go.(,to,轻音化为,ta),Doyou want to dance?do you wanna dance?,(to,轻音化为,na),Note,第27页,以辅音结尾单词,+h,开头单词，,h,不发音，与前面辅音连读。,Tellher I missher.,What wil(l he)wilido?,Ha(s he)zi doneit before?,Mus(t he)ti go?,Can he ni do it?,Should he di.?,Tell him to ask her.,Lea(ve him)vim.,Note,第28页,5.“/r/+,元音”,假如前一个词是以,-r,或,-re,结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这时,r,或,re,不但要发,/r/,而且还要与后面元音拼起来连读。,far away after all for ever a pair of our own there is for example After all,this is our own home.,There is a football under it.,There are some books on the desk.,Here is a letter for you.,Here are four eggs.,第29页,29,假如一个音节前后都有字母,r,，即使后面词以元音开头，也不能连读。,Note,The black clouds are coming nearer and nearer.,（,nearer,与,and,不可连读）,第30页,当短语或从句之间按意群进行停顿时，意群与意群之间即使有两个相邻辅音与元音出现，也不可连读。,Isit a,hat,or,a cat?,（,hat,与,or,之间不能够连读）,Thereisa good,book,in,my desk.,（,book,与,in,之间不能够连读）,Can you speak,English,or,French?,（,English,与,or,之间不能够连读）,Shall we meet at,eight,or,ten tomorrow morning?,（,meet,与,at,，,eight,与,or,之间不能够连读）,She opened the,door,and,walkedin.,（,door,与,and,之间不能够连读）,不可连读情况,第31页,朗诵以下短语，注意连读,a block_of flats,the corner_of the street,a tin_of peas,the top_of the mountain,a piece_of cake,in_a foreign country,a glass_of water,an_instant success,a cup_of tea,such_a short time,nice clear_air,send_it by mail,an_English girl wait_a moment,a nice_idea a lot_of noise,a visit to_India once_in_a while,an_apology a waste_of time,made_up_of not_in the least,in_America War_and Peace,out_of date Out_of Africa,wait_and see Death_on the Nile,have_a rest The Wizard_of Oz,Alice_in Wonderland times_up,a mother_of three Cat_on a Hot Tin Roof,第32页,Were going to work on a farm nex(t)Tuesday.,What would you like,ho(t)tea or bla(ck)coffee?,Its a very col(d)day,but its a goo(d)day.,You can put i(t)down in the bi(g)garden.,I bought a chea(p)book,but its a goo(d)book.,I wen(t)there alone a(t)nine las(t)night.,-Do you know his bi(ke)number?,-Sorry,I don(t)know.,The forty-firs(t)lesson is qui(te)difficult.,He needs a lot o(f)money.,朗诵以下,句子，注意连读,第33页,朗诵以下,文章,，注意连读,第34页,第35页,一个英文单词假如由多个音节组成，那么其中最少有一个音节是重音；假如，音节足够多话，那么可能还有次重音以及一个以上重音。,一样道理，一个句子由多个单词组成，那么，其中总是有最少一个单词被强读，而相对来看，其它单词会被弱读。,弱读,第36页,弱读规则普通是：元音音节弱化成,或,i,。,以下几个单词：,at,of,the,to,as,than,and,or,his,a,an,but,been,for,her,we,be,shall,was,them,弱读频率到达,90,，其中,a,an,the,than,极少用强式。,查字典会发觉这些词都最少有两种读音，如,for:,重读时,f,:,弱读时,f,；,as,强读形式是,/z/,，弱读形式是,/z/,。,Note,第37页,大多,助动词、系动词、介词、连词、冠词、代词，,都有两种发音形式：强读式、弱读式。,这些单词往往都是单音节单词。,Note,第38页,1,）弱读形式和强读形式各自元音不一样。,2,）弱读音节中经常省略了某一个音。,弱读与强读区分,第39页,假如一个单词被强读，那么这个单词中：,长元音会被读很清楚，而且显得更长一些；,双元音会被读很饱满，而且显得很有弹性；,落在重音上短元音都会显得更长一些；,重音所在音节可能带着不一样语气（升调、降调、降升调）,假如一个单词被弱读，那么这个单词中：,长元音会变得短一些（几乎与短元音长度相当）；,重音音节会变得与非重音音阶一样轻；,很多元音都会发生改变，向,/,靠拢；,轻辅音,/s/,、,/t/,、,/k/,、,/f/,之后元音,/,可能会直接被省略掉,第40页,弱读形式,1.,大多数有弱读形式单词中，元音都变成了,/,；,at/t/;as/z/;had /hd/,；,must /mst/,2,有少数几个单词弱读形式变成了,i /,；,be/i/,；,been/bin/,；,me/mi/,；,the/i/,3.,有时，一些惯用词弱读形式中省略了一个元音。,am/m/,；,has/z/,；,have/v/,；,is/z/,4.,有时，一些惯用弱读形式中省略了一个辅音。,and /n/,；,have/v/,；,would/d/,；,her/:/,第41页,要在连贯说话中应用弱读形式，不是知道了道理就能学会，也不是一朝一夕就能掌握，需要经过大量模仿和练习才能学好。,第42页,1),to/t/,but/bt/,I want,to,come,but,I cant.,2,),and/nd/,Hes rich,and,famous.,3,),than/n/n/,Better,than,that.,Hes older,than,she is.,4,),but/bt/,She wants to sing,but,she cant.,5,),such/,st,/,We have problems,such,as pollution.,朗诵以下,句子，注意弱读,第43页,6)some/sm/,There are,some,copies here.,7)any/ni/,There arent,any,more.,8)he/hi/,Does,he,want any?,9)her/h/,Ive met,her,mother.,10)him/im/,Tell,him,Id like to.,11)them/m/m/,I havent seen,them,yet.,第44页,12)you/j/,What do,you,think?,13)your/j/,Take,your,time.,14)us/s/,Let,us,think it over.,15)that/t/,This is the house,that,Jack built.,16)at/t/,At,least one.,17)for/f/,Its for you.,第45页,18)from/frm/,He comes,from,England.,19)of/v/,Id love a cup,of,tea.,20)to/t/,You ought,to,go.,21)an/n/,Id like an apple.,22)the/i/,Thats the one.,23)am/m/,Im going now.,第46页,24)are/,Where,are,you going?,25)is/z/,/s/,He,s,here.,My hat,is,here.,26)was/wz/,Was he there?,27)were/w/,We were very pleased.,28)have/hv/,/v/,/v/,Theyve left.,Have any been lost?,第47页,29)had/hd/,/d/,They had better hurry.,30)has/z/,What,has,he done?,He has just arrived.,31)do/du/,/d/,Do you think so?,32)does/dz/,When does he leave?,33)can/kn/,/kn/,Can you hear me?,34)could/kd/,Could you do it now?,第48页,35)should,/,d/,How,should,I know?,3,6,),there/,There is nothing left.,There are not enough.,3,7,),shall/l,l/,How,shall,I do like that?,3,8,),when/wn/,Her parents had been dead,when,she was a child.,3,9,),will/l,l/,He,will,go back home tomorrow.,40,),would/wd,d,d/,He,would,be happy if he had passed the exam.,第49页,第50页,第51页,失去爆破,不完全爆破,爆破,第52页,辅音发音分类,按发音方法可分为：,爆破音：,p b t d k g,摩擦音：,f v s z h,破擦音：,t ts dz tr dr,鼻音：,m n,舌侧音：,l,卷舌音：,r,半元音：,w j,第53页,当一个爆破音后面紧跟着另一个爆破音时，前面爆破音不发生爆破。方法是：对于前一个爆破音，只作发音姿势，刚要发出时，马上发出第二个爆破音。这种现象叫做,失去爆破,。,失去爆破,第54页,爆破音,+,爆破音（爆破音：,/p,b,t,d,k,g/,）,what time/wt taim/goodbye/,gudbai/bedtime/bedtaim/big kite/big kait/,形式,第55页,大声朗诵双爆破音失去爆破,ke,p,t bla,ck,board no,t,ebook Goo,d,bye,My,father,ke,p,t,working till,mi,d,night.,Please,wri,t,e the,answer on the,bla,ck,board.,Wri,t,e the,answer in your,no,t,ebook.,I,d,li,k,e to,say,goo,d,bye to,everyone.,He has a,ba,d,col,d,to,day.,You shoul,d,ta,k,e,care of the,children.,Gla,d,to,meet you.,第56页,1.boo,k,-keeper,2.han,d,bag,3.bla,ck,board,4.Se,p,tember,5.si,t,down,6.use,d,to,7.tha,t,time,8.a re,d,car,第57页,9.He use,d,to swim.,10.Are you use,d,to the foo,d,here?,11.I had a ba,d,cold.,12.I bought a re,d,han,d,bag.,13.Tommy is a goo,d,boo,k,-keeper.,14.He likes to tal,k,big.,15.I sto,p,to sele,c,t the bla,ck,car pass.,16.I expe,ct,to join the foo,t,ball team.,第58页,当一个爆破音后面紧跟着一个摩擦音或破擦音时，前面爆破音只作部分爆破。方法是：对于前一个爆破音，作好发音姿势，刚发出时，马上过渡到第二个摩擦音或破擦音上去。第一个爆破音发出声音是非常轻微，有时甚至听不出来。这种现象叫做,不完全爆破。,不完全爆破,第59页,爆破音,+,摩擦音或破擦音（摩擦音：,/f,v,s,z,h/,）（破擦音：,/ts,dz,tr,dr,t,d/,）,picture/pik t /big jug/big d,/good child/gud taild/that joke/t duk/,形式,1,第60页,爆破音,+,鼻辅音或舌边音（鼻辅音：,/m,n,/,）（舌边音：,/l/,）,good morning/gud m:ni/big nation/big nein/mad man/md mn/correct note/k rekt nut/,形式,2,第61页,A,d,vance,Su,c,cess,Pi,c,ture,O,b,ject,A goo,d,job,My bes,t,friend.,第62页,I feel i,t,Thursday,He has a goo,d,job.,Tom is my bes,t,friend.,Have you go,t,that?,Have you hear,d,from Mary?,Im no,t,feeling well!,He arrived a,t,school a,t,nine!,第63页,鼻腔爆破,舌边爆破,摩擦爆破,破擦爆破,不完全爆破,第64页,鼻腔爆破,爆破音,t d,和鼻辅音,m,与,n,相邻，爆破音形成妨碍，发生不完全爆破，在词末必须经过,鼻腔爆破,。,第65页,/tn/,wri,tt,e,n,Bri,t,ai,n,cer,t,ai,n,frigh,t,e,n,whi,t,e,n,esspar,tn,erwi,tn,ess,a,t,n,ightstar,t n,ow,wha,t,n,ext,/dn/,hi,dd,e,n,bur,d,e,n,par,d,o,n,woo,d,e,n,sa,dn,esski,dn,ey,goo,d,n,ightre,d,n,osebrea,d,k,n,ife,第66页,/tm/,exci,t,e,m,ent,a,tm,osphere,a bi,t,m,ore,whi,t,e,m,ice,eigh,t,m,en,/dm/,a,dm,it,sa,d,m,usic,a goo,d,m,any,broa,d,m,inded,第67页,bu,tt,on,gar,d,en,mi,d,night,Goo,d,morning,sir.,Goo,d,night.,a,goo,d,mother,He,often,comes,home at,mi,d,night.,He has al,ways been a,goo,d,neighbor.,Her,goo,d,ness was ap,parent to,everyone.,第68页,舌边爆破,爆破音,t d k,后面紧跟着是舌侧音,l,时，这种辅音组合在语音学里叫做,舌边爆破,。,第69页,/,tl,/,li,ttl,e,ba,ttl,e,se,ttl,e,ca,ttl,e,bo,ttl,e,/,dl,/,mi,ddl,emu,ddl,emo,d,e,l,nee,dl,e,第70页,La,t,e,l,y,ba,dl,y,ma,dl,y,recen,tl,y,quic,kl,y,I have been,very,busy,la,t,e,l,y.,I,havent,seen him,la,t,el,y,.,Have you been,there,la,t,el,y,?,He,slept,ba,dl,y.,His,foot was,ba,dl,y,hurt.,Ive been,quite,ba,dl,y off,recen,tl,y.,第71页,摩擦爆破,爆破音后紧跟着是摩擦音,/f,v,s,z,h/,时，这种辅音组合在语音学里叫做,摩擦爆破,。,第72页,a,d,vance,You mus,t,pay in a,d,vance.,Can I,have an,a,d,vance on my,salary?,What would your,a,d,vice,be in this,case?,What would you,a,d,vise me to,do.,Kee,p,that in,mind.,第73页,破擦爆破,爆破音后面紧跟着是破擦音,/ts,dz,tr,dr,t,d/,时这种辅音组合在语音学里叫做,破擦爆破,。,第74页,Pi,c,ture,O,b,ject,I had my,pi,c,ture,taken,yesterday.,Do you know,how do you,draw a,pi,c,ture?,You,shouldnt,trea,t,women like,o,b,je,c,ts.,He,stood up and,o,b,jected in,strong,language.,第75页,pp:ripe pear,pb:soap bubble,pt:cup tie 英国足球淘汰赛,pd:deep down,pk:pipe cleaner烟斗杆子,pg:lamp glass,朗诵以下,句子，注意爆破,第76页,bp:rob Peter,bb:rub briskly,bt:obtain,bd:cab driver,bk:Bob came,bg:describe Green,tp:wet paint,第77页,tb:pocketbook,tt:fast train,td:great deal,tk:not clean,tg:white goose,db:card board,第78页,dt:good time,dd:field day,dk:red card,dg:,good,girl,kp:silk purse,kb:ink bottle,第79页,kt:actor,kd:public duty,k,k:black cat,kg:park gate,gp:flag pole,gb:dog biscuit,第80页,kg:park gate,gp:flag pole,gb:dog biscuit,gt:rag time,gd:dig down,gk:eggcup,gg:big girl,第81页,句子意群,句子意群是指,句子中按意思和语法结构划分出各个成份，每一个成份即称为一个意群,。,意群能够用“,l”,符号表示。,第82页,在说话和朗诵时，意群作用是：假如感到句子很长，一口气说不下来，能够在意群和意群之间有一个很短停顿（换气）。正确停顿应该在意群和意群之间。同一个意群内不应停顿。,意群之间停顿不是固定，而是灵活。能够按照个人需要，可停顿也可不停顿，可多停顿也可少停顿。,Note,第83页,意群是依据语义、语法和语气来划分。,从语义和语法上讲，意群必须是表示某种意义一个（组）词、一个短语、一个分句、一个主句或者从句。,从语气上说，意群必须是能够用降调、声调或平调来朗诵一个语气单位。,Note,Before 1949,I used to live in Hong Kong and worked as a teacher.,三个意义单位，三个语法单位，三个语气单位。,第84页,By the time he arrived,/he was completely exhausted.,When I leave Beijing,/I will leave/with very fond memories,/of the city and its people,/and with an increased knowledge of China.,E.g.,第85页,Reading aloud/is very important/for beginners.,Early to bed/and early to rise/makes a man/healthy,happy,and wise.,Jane,/whos a brilliant swimmer,/represented Britain/at the Olympic Games.,After he took his bath,/he dressed in a hurry,/ran to catch the bus,/and got to his appointment/before it was too late.,第86页,Animal Instincts,George is a young man.He does not have a wife,but he has a very big dog and he has a very small car too.He likes playing tennis.Last Monday he played tennis for an hour at his club,and then he ran out and jumped into a car.His dog came after him,but it did not jump into the same car;it jumped into the next one.,Come here,silly dog!George shouted at it but the dog stayed/in the other car.,George put his key into the lock of the car,but the key did not turn.Then he looked at the car again.It was not his!He was in the wrong car!And the dog was in the right one!Hes sitting and laughing at me!George said angrily.But then he smiled/and got into his car with the dog.,Exercises,第87页,Animal Instincts,George is a young man.He does not have a wife,/but he has a very big dog,/and he has a very small car too.He likes playing tennis.Last Monday,/he played tennis,/for an hour,/at his club,and then he ran out,/and jumped into a car.His dog came after him,/but it did not jump into the same car;,/it jumped into the next one.,Come here,/silly dog!“,/George shouted at it,/but the dog stayed,/in the other car.,George put his key,/into the lock of the car,/but the key did not turn.Then he looked at the car again.It was not hi
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