PETS口语的描绘图表题常用句型.doc

描绘图表、图片常用的表达法如下：
    1）有关内容和结论
    According to the pictures we can see/conclude that...
    The picture shows/tells/reveals us that...
    As is shown/can be seen in the picture/chate...
    The picture/table is (gives information) about...
    It can be seen from the pictures that...
    From this picture we can see clearly that...
2）有关增减变化
    Compared with the number of...
    The number of... grew/rose from... to...
    The amount of... will rise/show a tendency of...
    There is a slight/slow/steady/rapid rise/increase/decrease/decline reduction/fall/drop in demand/income/population/prices/production/etc.
    3）有关时间
    over the period from... to...
    during the time of...
    during the past...
    between... and...
    4）有关倍数和百分比
    The figure／percentage／number／population has nearly／almost／more than doubled／tripled，compared with that of...
    It has dropped／increased／decreased almost／about／more than twice／four times，compared with...
    The amount／percentage is three times／twice／half as much as that of...
    It accounts for... percent of the total...
    5）图表中表达对比及比较的常用词语：
    less... than...                                   more... than...
    the most...                                       theleast...
    the same as...                                  not the same as...
    as... as...                                          not so... as...
not similar to...                                above...
    below...
    6）图表中表达约略情况的常用词语：
    almost 几乎                                    more or less 多少
    nearly 接近                                     just over 仅超过
    around 接近                                    just below 只低于
    about 大约                                      just above 只高于
    roughly 基本上                              just under 只低于
    approximately 大约                       roughly the same 基本相同
    nearly the same 几乎相同

    二、如何衔接你要阐述的不同部分

    你可用下列的句子把你要阐述的不同部分衔接起来。
    1）Introducing Your First Point 阐述你的第一个观点
    To start with，I'd like to consider... 我想先考虑……／我想先谈谈……
    First of all，I'd like to look at... 首先，我要谈谈……
    2）Finishing a Point 结束一个观点
    Those are the main points on... 这些是有关……的主要看法。
    That's all I have to say about... 这就是在……方面我所要的说的。
    So that，then，is... 仅此，接着是……
    Now we've looked at／dealt with... 到此我们已考虑／讨论了……
    3）Starting a New Point 接着阐述另一个观点：
    Now let's

turn to...
现在让我们

转向……

move on...
接着考虑/谈谈……

    I'd like now to

consider...
接着，我想

考虑……
examine...
仔细考查……
Next we come to... 下面我们来看看……
    Turning now to... 接着转向……
    Lets move on now to.. 让我们接下去考虑……
    The next point i'd like to make is... 我想阐述的下一个观点……
    4）Referring to What You Have Said 提及你已说过的
    As I said at the beginning.. 正如起初我所说的。
    I told you a few moments age that... 刚才，我已告诉你……
    In the first part of my talk，I said... 在我讲话的第一部分，我曾说过……
    As I've already said,... 就像我已说过的……
    As I mentioned earlier,... 正如先初已提及的……
    5）Referring to What You Will Say 提述你将要说的
    I'll come to that later．过会儿我将提及这点。
    I'll return to this point in a few minutes．我将回头谈及这一点。
    ... and I'll talk about this in the next part of my presentation.……并且我将在讲话的下一部分涉及这一点。
    ...I'll comment on this in my conclusion．我将在结论中对此加以评述。
    6）Summarising 综述
    So now I'd just like to summarise the main Points．那么，现在我仅对要点作一概括。
    In brief，we have looked at... 简言之，我们已考虑了／已谈到了……
    7）Concluding 结论
    That's all I have to say for now．这就是现在我所要说的。
     (I think)that cover most of the points．（我想）这已概述了多数要点。

    三、口语中怎样表达推测和愿望

    “肯定的推测”可用I guess／suppose，etc．来表示；“否定的推测”可说I don't think；I hope则表示愿望。
    也许受了中文思考习惯的影响，我们在口语中不免滥用了<think (that)...>的说法。其实，除了I think... 之外，我们还可用I suppose，I guess，I reckon，I imagine... 等等来表示推测之意。例如：
    I guess they'll come and help us．我想他们会来帮我们忙。
    I suppose she'll turn down your request．我猜她会拒绝你的邀请。
    I reckon he'll flunk the course again．我看他们这门课又要不及格了。

Perhaps.
或许；大概；可能

Maybe.

Perhaps so.
Probably so. 也许如此；大概这样；我猜是如此
I suppose so.

That's very likely.
Most likely. 很可能；或许[=Probably.]
Very likely.

Could be.
可能

Might be.

  经典例题
    1）I'll be most likely to go to church tomorrow．明天我很可能会去上教堂。
    2）She's likely to marry him．她可能嫁给他。
    3）He's not likely to agree to our plan．他大概不会不同意我们的计划。
    4）Perhaps you're right．也许你是对的。
    5）Maybe she'll show up in a minute．或许她马上就出现了。
    6）He'll probably come in time
还有，<I should think...>比<I think...>的说法更为委婉。
    I should think this house would fall down．我看这房子应该是会塌下来。
    I should think so．我想也是。
    至于表示“我认为……不……”的否定推测，英语通常说成“I don't think he will come．”，而不说“I think be will not come．”
    I don't think she'll join our party．我看她不会来参加我们的派对。
    I don't think it's going to rain this afternoon．我想下午不会下雨的。
    推测情况，倘若恐怕不怎么乐观时，通常套用（I'm afraid...）的句型来表示：
    I'm afraid he's a policeman．他恐怕是警察吧！
    说这句话的人大概做了什么坏事吧?!另外，如果我们走在街上，突然天空乌云密布，身边又没带伞，或者想打电话身上没有零钱，会说：
    I'm afraid it's going to rain in the evening．傍晚可能会下雨了。（糟糕!)
    I'm afraid I have no change．我恐怕没有零钱。
    相反地，若在街上遇到威胁，希望对面过来的人是个警察；一整天的天气热得叫人受不了，不免希望黄昏时候来场大雨；或是希望有零钱打个电话……这些时候就说：
    I hope he's a policeman．
    I hope it's going to rain in the evening．
    I hope I have change in my pocke．
    下面例句，则是表示“有……预感”的说法：
    I have a hunch she's going to win the first prize in the contest．我预感她会在比赛中获得首奖。
    I have a feeling something good is going to happen．我有预感好事近了。
    My hunch is prices will go down soon．我有预感物价不久就会下跌。
    再者，于句尾或句首加上they say，I'm sure，I'm afraid,...，etc，乃是极典型的口语表现：
    1 Mr．Johnson，I presume．（=I presume you're Mr．Johnson．）你是詹森先生，我猜。
    2 This is your baggage，I suppose．这是你的行李吧，我想。
    3 This bridge is falling down，I'm afraid．恐怕这桥要垮了。
    4 He never said anything like that，I'm surt．他从来没说过那种话的，我敢肯定。
    5 I heat he's going over to the U.S．（=They say...）听说他要到美国去了。
    6 They say he's a pain in the neck．（=I hear...）据说他是个讨厌的人。

    四、如何正确表达“好像……”

    He seemed very happy at the party．（=It seemed that he was very happy at the party．）他在派对中似乎非常快乐。
    要表示“好像……”“似乎……”的意思，Seem，appear look，sound最常用的关键字。若从这些字原来的意义入手，必更能捕捉它们作“好像”“似乎”解的引申意义：
    look“从脸色来判断，好像……”
    appear“从声音来判断，好像……
    sound“从声音来判断，好像……
    譬如，敲敲酒瓶后说“This（bootle）Sounds empty.”好像没酒了。听见朋友在电话中的声音后说“Your voice sounds as if you have a cold
．”你的声音听起来好像感冒了。She looks unhappy．她看起来不怎么快乐。It looks as if it's going to rain．天看来要下雨了。They appear to have misunderstood me．他们似乎误解了我。She appears to be a very intelligent person.她似乎是个很聪明的人。

    五、如何拒绝劝告和建议

    人们不总是接受别人的建议和劝告，他们常常会这样说：
    That's a good idea，but...
    That might be OK，but...
    What you don't seem to understand is that...
    I really dion't think so，because...
    接下来他们就会提出疑问或异议，因此我们可能劝说他们，你可以用如下的方法来回答那些异议。
    I see what you mean, but if...
    That's true, but if...

    六、在口语中如何使用列举法和举例法

    在阐述中我们有时想告诉听者一系列事情，或用诸多原因阐明某一事情发生的原因，或给出若干证据说明某件事情。这种情况下，通常使用列举法。下面的段落就是采用了列举的手法。
    Much has been discussed recently on English teaching at college. Someone says that it is a total faliure. To some extent, it is reasonable to say so, for after ten-year English learning most graduates can't properly communicate with foreigners, nor can they translate between languages, let alone write in English. Where do the problems lie in?
    To begin with, English teaching at college is, to a great extent, teacher-centered, turning a language class into an information class. It is still very common in the classroom that the teacher explains every common in the classroom that the teacher explains every language point in detail, while students take notes all the time.
    Secondly, culture is neglected in English teaching because of poor text design. Some redundant unrealistic materials and a great deal of grammar and structure exercises in the text lead to students memorizing a large vocabulary and a lot of English rules. Few students know how, when and where to use them.
    Finally, test-oriented education, in a sense, misleads and impedes college English teaching in China. For example, college English Test Band Four/Six is so overemphasized in some colleges that teachers teach to the test, sacrificing learning for the sake of test results, and students only learn to pass the examination. As a result, students' actual language competence is weakened though the passing rate has increased. In conclusion, China's college English teaching is to be reformed. Students should be centered on, culture should be introduced in language. teaching, and examination should be dealt with appropriately.
    为了使阐述听起来清晰，所列举各项之间经常使用下列词汇连接：
    first, firstly, in the first place, first of all, in the beginning, to begin with;
    second, secondly;
    third, thirdly;
    next, besides, in addition, moreover;
last, lastly, finally;
    此外，also, another, still another, above all, most importantly 等词语也可以用在句子中。
    在阐述过程中，为了更具说服力，我们还可以使用举例的方法。例子的数量没有严格规定，但若使用两个以上的实例时，这时也同时包含了列举法的手法。
    Most wedding customs are very old and come from different countries. For example, throwing old shoes or tying them to the bridal car goes back to ancient Egypt. There the father handed the bride's sandal to the groom, symbolizing a transfer of authority. Another widespread custom is for the bride to wear" something old, something new, something borrowed, and something blue". In ancient Israel the bride's robe had a blue border signifying purity, loyalty, and love. Still another custom comes from France. The bride used to throw her garter, and the girl who caught it was believed to be the next bride. Today the bride throws her bouquet.
    举例法中常用的词汇：
    for example, for instance, as and example, as a first example, as a second example, as another example, as still another example, in another instance, in still another instance, take... as an example, take... for example