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语音教程—第四讲
爆破辅音[t] [d]
[t]是辅音/清辅音/爆破辅音
内型:声带不震动;舌尖砥柱上齿龈,气流通过发生爆破,爆破点在舌尖上齿龈接触部分。
外形:双唇自然打开。
[d]是辅音/浊辅音/爆破音
内型:声带震动;舌尖砥柱上齿龈,气流通过发生爆破,爆破点在舌尖上齿龈接触部分。
外形:双唇自然打开。
练习:
(1)单词:tea-dee teach-ditch take-dark
[ti:][di:] [ti:tF][ditF] [teik][dB:k]
由于[t] [d]在词句中的连读使用多涉及到连读音变现象,故在后文中详细讲解
爆破辅音[k] [^]
[k]是辅音/清辅音/爆破辅音
内型:声带不震动;声门闭合,气流通过发生爆破,爆破点在声门部分。
外型:双唇自然打开
[^]是辅音/浊辅音/爆破辅音
内型:声带震动;声门闭合,气流通过发生爆破,爆破点在声门部分。
外型:双唇自然打开
练习:
(1)单词:pick-pig back-bag dock-dog
[pik][pi^] [bAk][bA^] [dCk][dC^]
(2)短语:a big bag a big car a sick dog
[E][bi^][bA^] [E][bi^][kB:] [E][sik][dC^]
a kind guide look for work good luck to Dick
[E][kaind][^aId] [luk][fC:][wE:k] [^Jd][lQk][tu][dik]
摩擦辅音:[f] [v]
[f]是辅音/清辅音/摩擦辅音
内型:声带不震动;上齿轻咬下唇,气流通过发生摩擦,摩擦点在上齿下唇部分。
外型:下唇向上抬起与上齿接触。
[v]是辅音/浊辅音/摩擦辅音
内型:声带震动;上齿轻咬下唇,气流通过发生摩擦,摩擦点在上齿下唇部分。
外型:下唇向上抬起与上齿接触。
练习:
(1)单词:fast-vast few-view leaf-leave safe-save
[fB:st][vB:st] [fju:][vju:] [li:f][li:v] [seif][seiv]
(2)短语:very fast very safe five thieves
[5veri][fB:st] [5veri][seif] [faiv][Wi:vz]
a beautiful view saved my life
[E][5bju:tEful][vju:] [seivd][mai][laif]
(3)短句:Philip is fat and foolish.
[5filip][iz][fAt][And][5fu:liF]
菲利普又胖又傻
Frank saved Vicki’s life in 1954.
[frANk][seivd][`vIkIz][laif][In][5nain5ti:n][5fifti][fC:]
法兰克在1954年救过维琪的命
Victor is a volleyball fan.
[5viktE][iz][E][5vRlIbC:l][fAn]
维克多是个排球迷
(4)谜语:The first two letters of me stand for a man.
[TE][fE:st][tu:][5letEz][Ev][mi:][stAnd][fC:][E][mAn]
The first three for a woman.
[TE][fE:st][Wri:][fC:][E][5wumEn]
The first four for a brave man.
[TE][fE:st][fC:][fC:][E][breiv][mAn]
And the whole—for a brave woman.
[And][TE][hEul][fC:][E][breiv][5wumEn]
What am I?
[wCt][Am][ai]
我的前两个字母指“男人”
前三个字母指“女人”
前四个字母指“勇敢的男人”
整个词指“勇敢的女人”
我是什么?
摩擦辅音:[W] [T]
[W]是辅音/清辅音/摩擦辅音
内型:声带不震动;双齿咬舌尖,气流通过发生摩擦,摩擦点在上下齿与舌尖的接触部分
外型:双唇自然打开,嘴角稍向两侧拉伸
[T]是辅音/浊辅音/摩擦辅音
内型:声带震动;双齿咬舌尖,气流通过发生摩擦,摩擦点在上下齿与舌尖的接触部分
外型:双唇自然打开,嘴角稍向两侧拉伸
练习:
(1)单词:thief thick thin Smith teeth cloth breath
[Wi:f] [Wik] [Win] [smiW] [ti:W] [klCW] [breW]
this that these those clothe breathe
[Tis] [TAt] [Ti:z] [TEuz] [klEuT] [bri:T]
(2)短语:a thousand thanks a wealthy mother
[E][5WauzEnd][WANks] [E][5welWi][5mQTE]
a healthy father through thick and thin
[E][5helWi][5fB:TE] [Wru:][Wik][And][Win]
(3)短句:Together they went through thick and thin.
[tE5^eTE][Tei][went][Wru:][Wik][And][Win]
他们曾经同甘共苦
Something is better than nothing.
[5sQmWiN][iz][5betE][TAn][5nQWiN]
聊胜于无
Mr. Smith used to be healthy and wealthy.
[`mIstE][smiW][ju:st][tu][bi:][5helWi][And][5welWi]
史密斯先生过去是个健康富有的人
(4)绕口令:I can think of six thin things.
[ai][kAn][WiNk][Ev][siks][Win][WiNs]
Six thin things, can you?
[siks][Win][WiNs],[kAn][ju:]
Yes, I can think of six thin things.
[jes],[ai][kAn][WiNk][Ev][siks][Win][WiNs]
And of six thick things, too.
[And][Ev][siks][Wik][WiNs],[tu:]
我能想出六样薄的东西
六样薄的东西,你能吗?
当然,我能想出六样薄的东西。
我还能想出六样厚的东西呢
摩擦辅音[s] [z]
[s]是辅音/清辅音/摩擦辅音
内型:声带不震动;舌尖抵住下齿背,舌前部靠近上齿龈,牙齿先闭合后打开,气流通过发生摩擦,摩擦点在舌前齿龈部分。
外型:双唇自然打开,嘴角稍向两侧拉伸。
[z]是辅音/浊辅音/摩擦辅音
内型:声带震动;舌尖抵住下齿背,舌前部靠近上齿龈,气流通过发生摩擦,摩擦点在舌前齿龈部分。
外型:双唇自然打开,嘴角稍向两侧拉伸。
练习:
(1)单词:seat sit stand spend purse pass course
[si:t] [sit] [stAnd] [spend] [pE:s] [pB:s] [kC:s]
Zoo zip zero nose rose close
[zu:] [zip] [5ziErEu] [nEuz] [rEuz] [klEuz]
(2)短语:a soft voice The Sound of Music
[E][sCft][vCis] [TE][saund][Ev][5mju:zik]
lost his keys lost her purse boys and girls
[lCst][hiz][ki:z] [lCst][hE:][pE:s] [bCiz][And][^E:lz]
Those beautiful roses brothers and sisters
[TEuz][5bju:tEful][rEuziz] [5bCTEz][And][5sistEz]
(3)短句:Susan lost her keys and purse.
[5su:zn][lCst][hE:][ki:z][And][pE:s]
Cindy collects all types of stamps.
[`sIndI][kE5lekts][C:l][taips][Ev][stAmps]
A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.
[E][rEuz][bai][5eni][5QTE][neim][wud][smel][As][swi:t]
(4)绕口令:Is this pair of scissors of his sister’s?
[iz][Tis][pZE][Ev][5sizEz][Ev][hiz][5sistEz]
Yes, this is the pair of scissors of his sister’s.
[jes],[Tis][iz][TE][pZE][Ev][5sizEz][Ev][hiz][5sistEz]
这把剪刀是他妹妹的吗?
是的,这把剪刀是他妹妹的。
摩擦辅音[F] [V]
[F]是辅音/清辅音/摩擦辅音
内型:声带不震动;舌两侧分别抵住上颚,贴近齿侧,舌尖向前平伸,使舌面同上颚间形成一个通道,
以便气流通过,好像一个笛子,摩擦发音。
外型:唇型收圆,嘴唇突出,两侧嘴角夹紧。
[V]是辅音/浊辅音/摩擦辅音
内型:声带震动;舌两侧分别抵住上颚,贴近齿侧,舌尖向前平伸,使舌面同上颚间形成一个通道,
以便气流通过,好像一个笛子,摩擦发音。
外型:唇型收圆,嘴唇突出,两侧嘴角夹紧。
练习:
(1) 单词:sheep ship sharp fish push English Spanish
[Fi:p] [Fip] [FB:p] [fiF] [puF] [5iN^liF] [5spAniF]
casual massage pleasure treasure
[5kAVjuEl] [5mAsB:V] [5pleVE] [5treVE]
(2)短语:push the sheep wash the fish shirt and shoes
[puF][TE][Fi:p] [wCF][TE][fiF] [FE:t][And][Fu: z]
Shelley’s decision
[5Feliz][di5siVEn]
(3) 短语:She sells seashells on the seashore.
[Fi:][selz][5si:Felz][Cn][TE][5si:FC:]
她在海边卖贝壳
Shirley rushed to the garage to wash her car.
[5FE:li][rQFt][tu][TE][5^ArB:(d)V][tu][wCF][hE:][kB:]
雪丽匆忙去车厂洗车
A fisherman earns his living by fishing.
[E][5fIFEmEn][E:nz][hiz][5liviN][bai][5fiFiN]
渔夫靠捕鱼为生
These are the latest fashions of shoes, shirts and shorts.
[Ti:z][B:][TE][5leitist][5fAFEnz][Ev][Fu: z],[FE:ts][And][FC:ts]
这些是最新款式的鞋子,衬衣和短裤
(4) 绕口令:This fish has a thin fin,
[Tis][fiF][hAz][E][Win][fin]
That fish has a fat fin.
[TAt][fiF][hAz][E][fAt][fin]
This fish is a fish that has
[Tis][fiF][iz][E][fiF][TAt][hAz]
A thinner fin than that fish
[E][5WinE][fin][TAn][TAt][fiF]
这条鱼的耆薄
那条鱼的耆厚
这条鱼的耆比那条鱼的耆薄
摩擦音[h]
[h]是辅音/清辅音/摩擦辅音
内型:声带不震动;舌自然放平,气流通过声门发生摩擦,摩擦点在声门部分。
外型:口腔自然打开。
练习:
(1)单词:heat hit hand hard home ham high hear
[hi:t] [hit] [hAnd] [hB:d] [hEum] [hAm] [hai] [hiE]
(2)短语:whose home hit hard hand in hand
[hu:z][hEum] [hit][hB:d] [hAnd][In][hAnd]
Hang it high hold it high homemade ham
[hAN][it][hai] [hEuld][it][hai] [5hEJm5meId][hAm]
(3)句子:Henry hurt his hand with a heavy hammer.
[5henri][hE:t][hiz][hAnd][wiT][E][5hevi][5hAmE]
亨利在使用大锤时伤了自己的手
Mrs. Harry’s wearing a fashionable hat.
[5mIsIz][5hAriz][5wZEriN][E][5fAFEnEbl][hAt]
哈里夫人戴了顶时尚的帽子
Harry is unhappy at home.
[5hAri][iz][Qn5hApi][At][hEum]
哈里在家不高兴
(4)儿歌:I have two hands, the left and the right,
[ai][hAv][tu:][hAndz],[TE][left][And][rait]
Hold them up high, so clean and bright.
[hEuld][Wem][Qp][hai],[sEu][kli:n][And][brait]
Clap them softly, one, two, three,
[klAp][Wem][5sRftlI],[wQn],[tu:],[Wri:]
Clean little hands are good to see.
[kli:n][5litl][hAndz][B:][^Jd][tu][si:]
我有一双手,一左和一右
高高举起来,干净又洁白
轻轻拍一拍,数数一二三
小手白净净,谁见谁都爱
摩擦辅音:[r]
[r]是辅音/浊辅音/摩擦辅音
内型:声带震动;舌尖靠近齿龈后,不接触,气流通过发生摩擦,摩擦点在舌尖齿龈后部分。
外型:双唇向外突出,并收圆,和[u:]的外型相似。
练习:
(1)单词:read red right wrong
[ri:d] [red] [rait] [rCN]
write brother proud crazy
[rait] [5brQTE] [praud] [5kreizi]
(2)短语:a rich brother a proud prince really sorry
[E][ritF][5brQTE] [E][praud][prins] [5riEli][5sCri]
really crazy practice and progress
[5riEli][5kreizi] [5prAktis][And][5prEu^res]
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