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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。,外语函电写作,1/114,a),作文,要求依据所给题目和列出写作提要或图表、数字统计表等,(,也附有写作提要,),写一篇,200,词短文，能做到内容切题、完整，条,理清楚，文章结构严谨，语法正确，语言通顺恰当。,作文类别有说明文、议论文或记叙文。考试时间为,35,分钟。,b),便条,要求依据提醒写大约,50,60,词便条、通知、请帖等。要求做到格式正确，语言得体。考试时间为,10,分钟。,2/114,评分细则,3/114,TEM,一,4,作文体裁以议论文为主，由四个部分组成：,标题,(title),，,介绍,(introduction),，,主体,(body),结尾,(conclusion),普通来说，,TEM-4,命题作文模式是“三段式”作文，即,introduction,（提出观点）,-body,（展开叙述）,-conclusion,（总结结论）。,4/114,历年作文类型,年份,作文题,类型,The Dragon Boat Festival,人文知识,Should Private Car Owners be Taxed for Pollution?,对比选择,Should College Students Hire Cleaners?,对比选择,Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment?,对比选择,The Benefits for Volunteering,给定观点,Is It Wise to Make Friends Online?,对比选择,Saving Money or Using Tomorrows Money,对比选择,My Idea of a University Art Festival,自由发挥,Will Phones Kill Letter Writing?,对比选择,The Importance of Keeping a Good Mood,给定观点,The Best Way to Stay Healthy,分析处理,Travel Broadens the Mind,给定观点,The Importance of Extracurricular Activities,给定观点,5/114,5,种常考模式框架,自由发挥型,05,立场选择型,04,、,06,、,07,、,09,、,10,、,11,给定明确观点型,00,、,01,、,03,、,08,问题处理型,02,人文知识型,12,6/114,便条写作,7/114,Notes,Notes are,short letters,written for various purposes.,8/114,便条类型,留言,道歉,邀请,应邀,婉拒,抚慰、慰问,问询,推荐,提议,感激,祝贺,埋怨、投诉,转让、求购,申请,布告、通知,9/114,Basic elements of a note,Date 日期,Salutation 称呼,Body 正文,Signature 署名,10/114,The format of a note,Date,日期,Salutation,称呼,Body,正文,Signature,署名,11/114,道歉,&,感激,12/114,Apology,道歉便条主要组成部分,惯用语言表示,道歉行为,Im writing to show my apology for,I would like to express my apologies for not being able to,Im sorry I couldnt,Im sorry to say that Ive not finished reading it through,and have to keep it until next Sunday.,Excuse me for my delaying in turning in my assignment.,道歉理由,I had a minor accident/operation.,填补、纠正及其承诺,I am sure I can make up the loss by,I promise it will never happen again.,It would be very kind/considerate of you to give me another chance/two days to,深入道歉,Many apologies.,Do please forgive me.,13/114,Exercise,几个月前,Lucy,借给你一本书，因为这本书对你论文写作太主要了，你没有及时还，并为此感到很抱歉。写张,50,60,字左右道歉便条。,14/114,Reference,Apr.18,Dear Lucy,Im terribly sorry for not being able to return you the book you lent me several months ago.You see,Im writing my thesis paper,and this book is one of my important references.If it is possible,I want to keep it for another month.If not,Ill return it soon.Many apologies and thanks again.,Yours,Mary,15/114,Thanks,致谢便条主要组成部分,惯用语言表示,致谢行为,I am writing to tell you how much I enjoyed the weekend in your village.,I hope you understand how much I appreciate your hospitality.,I am writing to express my appreciation for all that you did for me during my visit in Shanghai.,Thank you so much for your assistance/for the information you gave us.,It was most kind of you to share your experience.Please accept our warmest thanks.,With deepest gratitude I write you here a few lines.,对所谢事情描述和个人感受,Everything seemed perfect with your consideration:the comfortable hotel and the reasonable visiting plan.,I am so lucky that I have such a generous and charming friend.,回馈承诺,I should be happy to reciprocate your kindness at any time.,I hope I have the chance to reciprocate your kindness.,16/114,Exercise,为了帮助你经过英语专业四级考试，,Smith,教授每星期抽两个小时给你辅导。现在你考试经过了，想当面致谢，但他不在，给他留个便条。,17/114,Reference,Apr.18,Dear Professor Smith,I am writing to express my heartfelt appreciation for all that you did for me in my TEM-4 preparation.It is very kind of you to have spared me two hours a week to answer my question patiently.Now Im happy to learn that I have passed the exam,which,I understand clearly,should be attributed to your generous help.Thanks again.,Sincerely yours,Mary,18/114,祝贺信&问询信,19/114,祝贺,表祝贺便条有各种，如节日，生日，乔迁，病愈，入学，毕业，就业，比赛，考试等在考试中表达这一关键词有“congratulate”,1.祝贺便条普通应该包含以下内容,A.得知喜讯愉悦之情,B.对成功评价和对对方钦佩,C.热烈祝贺和美好祝福,20/114,2.表示祝贺表示方式,I am so happy to learn/to know,I am so pleased/delighted to hear that,My heart is filled with joy to learn about,Its such a pleasure to find your name on the pass list.,Congratulations on your success.,It gave me a great deal of pleasure to learn,21/114,I wish to congratulate you on your finishing high school and entering Peking University.,You really deserve it because,It is really a splendid achievement and we are all proud of you.,You will have a brilliant future.,This has meant years of your hard work,and its an achievement.,I believe that your school life will be more colorful.,22/114,Shelly考上了北京大学。,23/114,April 12,Dear Shelly,Im so excited to learn that youve been admitted by Peking University as a graduate.Warm congratulations on the realization of your dream.This has meant years of your hard work,and you can really be proud of it.Your success is really an encouragement to me and I wish we could meet there next year.,You will have a brilliant future.,Yours,Li,24/114,咨询,为了了解更多相关信息，向相关部门及相关人员问询相关内容问询内容一定要详细且重点突出在考试中表达这一行为要求关键词有inquire等,1.咨询便条普通应该包含以下内容,A.被咨询部门及相关人员,B.咨询目标,C.希望给予回复并表示感激,25/114,2.,表示咨询惯用表示方式,With reference to your advertisement on the local newspaper I want to know more about,I have learnt fromthat you will I just want to know specifically about,It is reported thatWould you please be so kind as to give me more information about,Im writing to ask whether you could send me some information about,I would appreciate very much if you can provide me with more details about,I would be very grateful to you if you let me know,We are expecting a reply at your earliest convenience.,26/114,向一家企业资讯他们打广告计算机课程。（课程内容，老师，以及学费）,27/114,June 8,Dear sir,With reference to your advertisement on the local newspaper that your company will start an intensive computer class.I want to be enrolled in that class but I dont know what specific courses will be offered,who will give the lessons and how much I should pay for the whole training.Would you please be so kind as to let me know more about it?I will be very grateful if you provide me with more details.,Sincerely yours,Helen,28/114,比较选择题型,29/114,定义：对于给定两个对立观点中选择一个，或者是否同意题 目所给问题,Should Private Car Owners be Taxed for Pollution?,Should College Students Hire Cleaners?,Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment?,Is It Wise to Make Friends Online?,Saving Money or Using Tomorrows Money,Will Phones Kill Letter Writing?,30/114,写作步骤,第一段：引言句开头，引出要评论事物，并表明自己态度,第二段：分论点，加以理由支撑说明,第三段：总结观点,31/114,Outline,Introduction,:23 Background+Thesis statement,Body,:8 Supporting Idea 1+Examples/Explanation Supporting Idea 2+Examples/Explanation,(Supporting Idea 3+Examples/Explanation),Conclusion,:12,32/114,Essay,TEM-4 Will Phones Kill Letter Writing,33/114,Introduction,Now we live in an era overwhelmed by,various high-tech communication devices and services provided by telecom operators.,Many doubt that,the frequent usage of phones will probably kill ones letter writing skill especially the young generation,who regard phones as indispensable part of their lives.,For my part,I dont believe that letters will ultimately give way to phone calls.,34/114,Body-Supporting Idea 1,For one thing,letter writing has its advantages,which can not be replaced by phone calls.,Well organized and properly chosen of words,letters are able to fully convey the writers feelings,ideas and thoughts.,Whats more,the joy of receiving letters from ones closest friends,beloved and parents,opening the sealed stamped envelope,holding sheets of paper filled with words,and looking at the unique handwriting which belongs to a certain person are quite different from receiving phone calls.,35/114,Body-Supporting Idea 2,For another,letter writing is one of the required skills to a qualified career person.,Take,the formal business letter writing skill,as an example,one need to know the format,right terms and phrases,and the culture background of whom he or she is writing to.Phone calls cannot handle every aspect of business between companies.,Besides,e-mail,the new form of the original letter,is as efficient as phone calls and more detailed at the same time.,36/114,Conclusion,Thus,its safe to draw a conclusion that,it is impossible for phones to kill letter writing.They have,in fact,coexisted well with each other.,37/114,How to write Introduction?,38/114,Introduction,引出话题,大众观点,我观点（主旨句）,e.g.Currently,we are living in a society overwhelmed by _.Thus,a number of people argue that _.From my perspective,_.,39/114,引出话题,1):,如今,被人们广泛讨论,/,引发争论,/,引发关注。,Recently,/Currently,/Nowadays,/Presently,there is a general debate on,.has been brought into focus.,.has aroused much public concern in China.,It has long been a contentious,有争议,issue as to.,40/114,Exercise,如今，人们普遍讨论是否应该网上交友。,Recently,there is a heated debate on,whether to make friends on the Internet.,对于大学生或高中生打工这一现象，校园里存在很大争议。,At present,_ on the campus over the phenomenon _.,At present,there is a heatedly discussed contention on,the campus over the phenomenon of college or high school students doing a part-time job.,41/114,2),第二种写法：社会趋势,(,普通都写在“有越来越多人干什么去了”这么社会现实状况,),There is a growing tendency nowadays that,42/114,Exercise,There is a growing tendency nowadays that,有越来越多人,.,(,就业难,),(,选秀热,),(,公务员热,),(,考研热,),(,信用卡热,),43/114,graduates in mounting numbers can hardly find an ideal job,people in mounting numbers show great enthusiasm for various talent shows,people in mounting numbers participate in the test for national civil servants.,undergraduates in growing numbers take the postgraduate entrance examination,people in mounting numbers use credit card.,注：,people in mounting numbers,都表示“越来越多人”，切忌写：,more and more people,，找死,!,44/114,越来越.,越来越多刚才毕业大学生发觉越来越难找到好工作。,45/114,菜鸟级,More and more,college graduates who have just graduated from university find that finding a good job is,more and more,difficult.,大鸟级,A growing number,of,fresh,graduates find that,obtaining,a,decent,job is,increasingly,difficult.,神鸟级,The difficulty,of being employed by a decent employer is,on the rise,as,the number of fresh graduates grows.,46/114,more and more adj =increasingly adj,=n is on the rise,more and more n =a growing number of n,=the number of n is growing,47/114,有越来越多大学生能够买电脑了。,A growing number of/An increasing number of college students can afford(to buy)computers.,The number of college students who can afford(to buy)computers is on the rise.,Computers are becoming increasingly popular among college students.,There is an ever larger percentage of the college students who have bought computers.,48/114,大众观点,Opinions vary from person to person.,有些人认为,，有些则认为,。,很多人这么认为,。,Some regard as.,while others believe that,The majority of people believe that.,49/114,think:,我想，认为，以为,：,harbor the idea that,take the attitude that,hold the view that,人们都认为,it is widely shared/accepted that,it is universally acknowledged that,50/114,Exercise,我们应该存钱还是花明天钱？人们观点各不相同。一些人认为存钱是个好习惯，一些人以为花明天钱能够提升生活质量。,Should we save money or spend tomorrows money?_.Some regard _ as _,while others maintain that _.,Should we save money or spend tomorrows money?Opinions vary from person to person.Some regard,saving money as a good habit,while others maintain that,spending tomorrows money can improve our living quality,.,51/114,主旨句,我认为,From my perspective,From my point of view,As for myself,For my part,As far as I am concerned,.,as I am firmly convinced.,52/114,Exercise,Is the degree the most important thing at university?,引出话题,大众观点,我观点,如今，人们都认为学位是学生学术成就主要衡量标准。有些人认为这是唯一衡量标准。事实确实如此，不过学位不是上大学唯一目标。,53/114,In our society,it is widely accepted that,the most commonly recognized standard of a students academic achievement is the degree.,Consequently,some people regard the degree as the only thing valuable while studying in college.,Admittedly,the degree is essential for students who want a prosperous future,but it is by no means the only purpose at university.,54/114,Body,1.,举例论证,2.,因果论证,3.,比较对比,55/114,Most people may have heard of the story,about a Chinese old lady and an American old lady.The former spent all her life painstakingly saving enough money to buy a new apartment,without living in it for a long time before her death,while the latter first borrowed money form the bank to buy a new apartment in her youth and lived in it comfortably,then spent the rest of her life paying the loan.,In the story,the results are the same-they both bought an apartment,but their life experiences are radically different;the former hardly lived in the house for she had spent all her life saving money for it,while the latter enjoyed living there for quite a long time because she“used tomorrows money today”.,By comparison,we can clearly see that,the latters choices of lifestyle is much better than the formers.,Then,why dont we use tomorrows money for todays comfort?,56/114,.Thispoint of perspective,I believe,shared by the largest proportion of the public,can be explained in the following tangible reasons.,Firstly,communication is unquestionably regarded as an extremely important element in our society.Unfortunately,some people around us appear to be apathetic and have got no idea about how to make an acquaintance with a stranger.They may be too shy or nervous or they are afraid of being refused by others.But remember no man is an island entire of itself,every man is a part of the continent,a part of the main.,As a consequence,regardless of the fact that whether you like it or not,as individuals,we have to be part of the main.,And,internet,as a mass medium,provides us with a chance.Things turn to be quite different because sitting in front of the computer screen,people who are scared to make friends online can talk with others more naturally and confidently.,Secondly,it is well acknowledged that we can learn a lot from our e-pals.If our friend online were a foreigner,we can practice English with him or her.,Whats more,we can have a glimpse of general information of another country,such as the culture,the tradition,the custom or the geography.,57/114,Admittedly,making friends online bring us a great amount of joy and unimagined stimulating experience.,Nevertheless,as we can only communicate people though words or images,someone with ulterior motives may hide behind the screen waiting for a moment to conspire his illegal actions.,Just as the joke tells,a 21 years old pretty girl may turn out to be an 80 years old ugly drunker.,In addition,people are easily getting addicted to this fictitious relationship and losing the ability of surviving in their real living environment.Net communication can never take the place of a face to face talking or a familiar attracting expression.,What is more,who are you turning into when emergency happens,someone thousands miles far away that you even dont know about his name,or the next door neighbors who smile at you every morning?,58/114,Connectives,Illustration:,Addition:,Restatement:,Consequence:,Contrast:,59/114,Connectives,-,Coherence,Illustration:,for example,for instance,Addition:,besides,also,moreover,in addition,additionally,furthermore,apart from,Restatement:,in other words,to put it in another way,Consequence:,as a result,consequently,therefore,hence,thus,Contrast:,however,but,nev
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