英语五段作文法市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件.pptx

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,1,英语五段作文法,第1页,第1页,2,五段英语写作是美国大学写作课上普遍向学生推荐一个写作法。它特点是结构严谨合理，段落层次分明，观点阐述充足，语言改变生动。尤其适合于较高一级,250-350,词叙述文写作。,五段作文，顾名思义，是由五个段落构成文章，它基本写法是：,Para.1 Introduction of Topic,Thesis Statement,Para.2 Topic Sentences,Supporting Sentences,Para.3 Topic Sentences,Supporting Sentences,第2页,第2页,3,第一段是引言部分。主要是引出文章要讨论主题，并在段尾写出文章中心思想句(thesis statement)，且尽也许点出各段中心思想和文章发展方法(the way to develop the essay)。,第二段到第四段是文章正文部分，这一部分普通分为三段（三个方面）来阐述一段中心思想，每一段以段落主题句(topic sentence)开头，它说明thesis statement，本身又被本段Supporting Sentences所说明。,第五段是结尾部分。主要是对文章进行归纳和总结。,Para.4 Topic Sentences,Supporting Sentences,Para.5 Conclusion,Restatement of the Thesis,第3页,第3页,4,I.,解释结构：,（,1,）解释原因,解释现象，分析原因、理由是英语写作中常见结构。这种作文主要是对某种社会（自然）现象，问题出现或原因、理由进行解释。五段作文模式中，它基本结构下列：,Para.1 Introduction of,Problem or Phenomenon,Para.2 Thesis Statement,Cause I,Para.3 Cause II,第4页,第4页,5,可见这钟结构主要有两大部分。第一部分也是引言段，即把要解释问题或现象描写和表示出来；第二部分也就是正文段，解释和分析问题出现原因。,Para.5 Conclusion,Para.4 Cause III,Task 1:,You are allowed 40 minutes to write an essay about 250 words on the following topic.,Since 1980,divorce rate in China has increased rapidly as shown in the following graph.,What are the causes for it?,第5页,第5页,6,Percentage of People Who Got Divorced During the Years Between 1960 to,5.00%,4.00%,3.00%,2.00%,1.00%,0.00%,1960 1970 1980 1990,1.00%,5.60%,2.00%,2.90%,1.70%,6.00%,第6页,第6页,7,Sample Answer:,Divorce in China,In recent years China has experienced a dramatic increase,in the divorce rate.According to the chart given,during the last,decade,the divorce rate in big cities has increased as much as it had,in the entire previous thirty years.In 1960 there were only one,divorced person for every 100 married people,and thirty years later,the rate was 2.9 percent.But by the rate jumped to 5.8 percent.,（,第一段是通过对图表描写把近十年来离婚率大幅上升现象表现出来。）,The upward trend in divorce reflects three important changes,in our society.,（,这一句是文章中心思想句，对造成离婚率上升总,概括，然后用,three important changes,交代了随后正文发展方向,第7页,第7页,8,The most significant one is the change in social attitude towards the,divorced people.,（主题句）,In the past the act of divorce itself was,considered a social stigma.Even if a couple had already lived,separately,they dared not to seek divorce.Now that divorce has,become socially acceptable,you wont be looked down upon just,because you are a divorced person.,（原因,1,：人们对离婚观念转变）,Second,the change in personal economic activities also facilitate,divorce.,（主题句）,Millions of farmers floods into cities to seek jobs,and thousands of city dwellers go abroad for study or work.The,unprecedented social mobility has placed severe strains on married,couples,not only in terms of geographic separation,but also,psychological change.,（原因,2,：民工潮和出国热社会流动对家庭压力）,第8页,第8页,9,Finally,legal changes have greatly simplified divorce,procedures.,（主题句）,In the past suing for a divorce was the,most difficult thing ever imagined,you wouldnt succeed without,years of efforts.Now the revised divorce law makes legal,separation easy for most people to obtain.People,for example,are,allowed to get divorce merely for lovers sake.Thus the last barrier,to divorce is removed.,（原因,3,：新婚姻法简便了离婚手续,）,Whatever changes responsible for the rise in divorce rate,one,thing is certain:there is a significant change in peoples traditional,view of marriage and divorce.,（最后是归纳性总结，对文章中心思,想句加以重复）,第9页,第9页,10,(2)解释理由：,解释性文章不但是解释某种社会现象或社会问题及其原因，,比如：为何离婚率高？为何青少年抽烟越来越多？为什,么成功者不总是最聪明者？也有解释做个人事情理由：比如,为何我要上网？为何我要学习英语等等。其结构是一样，,所不同是往往以第一人称着笔。,Task 2:,You are allowed 40 minutes to write an essay about 250 words on the following topic.,Going abroad for studies costs a large sum of money.But even so it attracts many young people.,Do you like to join them if you have an opportunity?Why?Give your reasons.,第10页,第10页,11,Sample Answer:,Going Abroad for Studies,The other day I announced that I would go abroad for further,studies right after my college education.My decision evoked the,immediate objection of my family:Why?Why,should I bought a,huge sum of money for overseas studies while I might receive the,same education at home at relatively low cost?My answer is:in,addition to knowledge,I can gain experiences that those who stay,at home will never have.,（,用个人经历引出主题，继而引出了文,章观点：我出国读书不只是为了知识，尚有在国内读书体验不到,经历。）,第11页,第11页,12,First,experience is the opportunity for the real-life use of,foreign languages.,（主题句）,While a person can study a foreign,language at home,the effect can never be compared with,constant use of the language in academic and everyday life.,There is no better opportunity to improve second-language skills,than living in the country in which it is spoken.Living in English-,speaking countries such as America and Australia for several,years,for example,my English will be as perfect as native,speakers.,（,在国外自然接触外语经历，其能力提升是在国内不能比。）,第12页,第12页,13,Second,living and studying abroad offers me a different,perspective of the world.（主题句）On a university campus,foreign students are likely to encounter their counterparts from,different countries and areas and are exposed to different ideas,and values.This helps me to have a meaningful understanding of different societies and inevitably sees my own country in a new light.（在国外接触不同国家价值观念，对了解自己国家，了解世界，开阔眼界很有帮助。）,第13页,第13页,14,Third,overseas experience,frustrating and painful as it may,be,is helpful.,（主题句）,A person going abroad for study often,experiences much more difficulty-difficulty in adapting to a new,culture and in dealing with all problems alone.Yet,the difficulty,coupled with the frustration brought on by culture shock,is a,rewarding experience for ones future life and development of,personality.,（在国外碰到挫折和独立处理问题经历对人生,成长是一个珍贵财富。）,第14页,第14页,15,Although going abroad is expensive and perhaps painful,the,payoff is worthwhile.For the benefit is not merely knowledge,gained,but the experiences desirable in ones personal life.,（回,到文章开头：出国学习所得到不但仅是知识，并且尚有经历。）,II.,分析结构：,这类文章主要对某事物产生影响或结果进行分析。因此这种结构比较简朴。第一部分也即引言段引出要讨论问题或现象；第二部分正文段则对这个问题或现象所产生影响或后果进行分析。其结构模式下列：,Para.1 Introduction of Problem,or Phenomenon,Thesis Statement,第15页,第15页,16,Task 3:,You are allowed 40 minutes to write an essay about 250 words on the following topic.,While most people pursue success,either academic or professional,some believe that success is not always a good thing.,What do you think of it?What kind of adverse effects it may produce,Para.3,Effect or Benefit II,Para.2,Effect or Benefit I,Para.4,Effect or Benefit III,Para.5 Conclusion,Solution or Suggestion,第16页,第16页,17,Sample Answer:,Effects of Success,Wangan,a bright and most successful student in our class,scores high in all courses she takes.From primary school to college,she is an A student and awarded scholarships every year,but no one expects she has mentally collapsed recently simply because she failed to be selected in her department as the candidate for studying overseas.Wangans case is not rare,but reflects a common phenomenon which shows that success is not always a good thing.,（通过描述故事引出观点：成功并不一定好。）,第17页,第17页,18,Success,especially the one that comes easily,is damaging.,（主题句）,The child who wins the first prize in a painting contest with limited entries,the student who gets three As in his first year of primary school,the adult who distinguishes himself at a first hob by accident may face probable disappointment and frustration when real challenges arise.,（成功来之不易，往往在碰到真正挑战时束手无策,）,第18页,第18页,19,Success is also bad when its achieved at the cost of the total,quality of an experience.,（主题句）,For example,successful,students are often the ones who are so obsessed with grades that,they never enjoy other activities on campus and in life.They never,dare venture into new areas.And the lack of experiences in,different fields tends to contribute to frustration and failure when,they handle problems beyond their fields.,（以牺牲发展其它方面,能力而取得单首先成功有害无益。）,第19页,第19页,20,Success can be destructive for it produces unbearable,pressure.,（主题句）,To score high in learning,to pass college,entrance examination,to defeat rivals in fierce competition,one,has to work under extremely terrible pressure and drive himself too hard to a point where he sees a single examine as a matter of life and death.Hence come many tragedies.,（为获取成功而承受巨大压力也会带来害处。）,It is time to rethink of our success.We may ask ourselves:Is it good for our society-for our parents,for our media-to place so much emphasis on success?,（提出重新考虑对成功价值观，以问题结束，发人深思。）,第20页,第20页,21,III.比较结构：,对比和比较型论说文是英语考试作文中一个常见命题方式。即要求对两个或两个以上事物、事件、观点作比较，经过它们之间相同或相异之处比较，看出它们各自特点或优缺点。因为目标不同，写法也不同。一个是纯介绍性，即经过比较或对比来客观地提供相关两事物信息，并不表明自己看法和态度。,另一个是叙述性，即经过比较或对比来表明对两个事物态度和看法。当前考试中命题作文都属于这一个。,第21页,第21页,22,（1）倾向性比较：,经过两事物(A,B)之间不同特点和优缺点比较，进行比较深入叙述。它基本结构以下:,Para.1 Introduction,Thesis:Prefer A to B,Para.2 Bs advantages,and disadvantages,Para.3 As disadvantages,and advantages,Para.4 As advantages,Para.5 Conclusion,第22页,第22页,23,第一段先引出要比较两个事物或事件。如能表明自己倾向，也可在此段里表示。第二段至第四段主要通过对比和比较，进一步阐明或阐述自己见解。由于这种比较是有倾向比较，因此对两事物特点及优缺点叙述不能“一视同仁”，而要有区别。,普通说来，对要否认事物其优缺点要少写、略写，一笔带过，在句子结构里，把长处置于从句位置。而其缺点要充足暴露，甚至不惜夸张。相反，对要必定事物其长处应多写、详写，充足显示，而对其缺点应轻描淡写，甚至不写。这种有侧重叙述，较能确保观点鲜明。,第23页,第23页,24,在段落安排上，为表达这种主次轻重，能够这样安排：,第二段要写否认事物，先必定其长处，然后指出另一方面致命缺点。第三段要必定事物，先认可有一定缺点，后分析其长处。第四段继续写必定事物，分析其它长处。,Task 4:,You are allowed 40 minutes to write an essay about 250 words on the following topic.,There are two popular models of traveling.One is to join the package tour,another is to travel individually.,Which one do you prefer?Give reasons to illustrate your choice.,第24页,第24页,25,Sample Answer:,Models of Travelling,With the increased standard of living and the declining working weeks,more and more city-dwellers are taking their holidays in scenic spots and places of interest.Most of them like to join package tours as this mode of travel is said to be most convenient.But I prefer to travel individually for freedom.（引出两种不同旅游方式，并表明倾向自助旅游，因为自由）,It is true that joining a package tour can bring great convenience.You dont have to worry about room and board during the travel,nor about your transportation.The guide will take care of everything.What you do is to follow the guide and enjoy the scenery.But you lose,第25页,第25页,26,your freedom for this.At the sight of his/her flag waving,you have to take yourself away from the scenes you are marveling at and follow the guide whose sole interest is to cover all spots according to his schedule,regardless of the weather or your health condition.,（,先必定旅行社旅游长处，接着就分析其缺点,Individual travel,however,gives you a great degree of freedom.,（主题句）,In climbing mountains,you can choose to drive up in cable cars,or take pleasure in the process of climbing.You can decide when to start your way,where to linger a little longer and which spot to be skipped over to save time for another spot.You can always adjust your plan.,（然后转到自助旅游点上，详细阐述其长处，如能够自由安排日程等）,第26页,第26页,27,Travelling alone,you may encounter inconvenience such as getting accommodation for the night and a place for meals.But you can choose the hotel and restaurant to your liking,and avoid the embarrassment of being forced to share a table or a room with a stranger.,（用一句话自助旅游有食宿困难，但在这一点上继续分析其长处，如能够找自己喜欢饭店和旅馆）,To have a holiday tour is to enjoy and relax yourself,and to relax thoroughly,freedom is of essence.If you lose the freedom of action,it is no longer a holiday in anything but name.For this reason I like traveling alone with several friends.,（归纳自助旅游长处）,第27页,第27页,28,（,2,）平衡性比较：,有些文章作者既不完全赞成一事物，也不完全赞成另一事物，因而在依次分析了这两个事物优缺点后，可作出平衡结论。其基本模式是：,Para.1 Introduction,Thesis:Both A&B have advantages and disadvantages,Para.2 As advantages,Para.3 As disadvantages,Para.4 Bs advantages(and disadvantages),Para.5 Balanced Conclusion,第28页,第28页,29,第一段引出要比较两个基本点事物，然后表明见解，它们各有优缺点；第二段写,A,事物长处；第三段写,A,事物缺点；第四段写,B,事物优缺点；第五段写平衡见解。,Task 5:,You are allowed 40 minutes to write an essay about 250 words on the following topic.,Some emphasize book knowledge;others stress practical experience.,Which one is more important?Give your reasons to illustrate your opinion.,第29页,第29页,30,Sample Answer:,Knowledge or Experience,Which is more important in life,knowledge from the books you read,or personal experience you gain in reality?The answer may vary from person to person.The young,educated may emphasize the former,and the old may stress the latter.But in my opinion,they are of the same importance.,（引出要比较知识和经验，并表明两者都主要）,Experience is priceless.How to become an efficient secretary?How to prepare for your first child to come into the world?There is so much experience we need in careers,in life and even in academic studies.It helps one deal with the problems with ease and confidence.,第30页,第30页,31,Especially for students who grow up in the ivory tower,to get involved in practical activities and to accumulate experience of different kinds is more crucial.,（首先强调经验主要）,Experience,however,is limited in terms of time and space.,（主题句）,For one thing,it is impossible for anyone to experience all the events and meet all the famous people.For another,as the speed with which skills are obsolete and new problems crop up is unprecedented because of the fast development of society,experience is far less adequate.Depending too much on it only leads to narrow-mindedness and prejudice.,（分析单靠经验缺点）,第31页,第31页,32,One way to compensate for it is to read books,Books of various kinds can bring us almost unlimited additional experience.From books you can not only trace back to the wisdom of our antecedents,but keep up with the latest developments of science and technology.To be sure,its secondhand experience.But it is the ideal supplement to our limited experience.Few of us can travel around the world,or live long beyond one hundred years,but all of us live many lives by reading books.,（接着指出书本知识主要性）,Both book knowledge and personal experience are essential.While experience makes one more resourceful,book knowledge makes one more learned.,（归纳总结，作出平衡性结论）,第32页,第32页,33,IV评论结构：,评论某一事物、某一社会现象或某一观点（尤其是有争议性），以发表自己看法是一个常见写作题型。这种评论型文章能够依据作者观点采取不同写法：一个是对谈论事物持必定、赞成态度；另一个是对谈论事物持否认、反正确态度；还有一个是对谈论事物持平衡看法。,赞成与反对型写法：,Para.Introduction of the issue to be discussed,Thesis:,Para.2 Its advantages,（赞成）或（反对）,Para.3 Its advantages,（赞成）,Its disadvantages,（反对）,第33页,第33页,34,第一段引出要讨论事物，也许话在最后一句赞成或反正确态度。第二段无论是赞成型还是反对型都要先评论事物好一面。第三段赞成型继续评论事物好一面，反对型开始评论事物坏一面。第四段赞成型谈论事物另一面，即不好一面；反对型继续评论事物坏一面。第五段是结论性意见：赞成,/,反对。,Para.4 Its advantages,（赞成）,Its disadvantages,（反对）,Para.5 Conclusion,Biased or Balanced,第34页,第34页,35,Task 6:,You are allowed 40 minutes to write an essay about 250 words on the following topic.,It is said that American students are incapable of simple addition and most Chinese students cant use the abacus,（算盘）,.,Do you think it is a bad thing?What is your attitude?,第35页,第35页,36,Sample Answer:,Old Technologies,In a recent issue of China Daily,I read a story about American high school students who cant do simple addition.It says that when the computerized cash register in a fast-food restaurant broke down,the girl who did a part-time job there had to stop work because she could not figure how much change is owned back from a$10 bill.,（通过报