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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。,Noun Clauses,第1页,Point out the function of each,noun,in the following sentences:,1.The world,loves,nature,.,2.Knowledge,is,power,.,3.We,Chinese,are,peace-,loving.,subject,object,predicative,subject,subject,apposition,predicative,第2页,名词性从句,名词性从句在功效上相当于名词,主语,His job,is important,.,What he does,is important,.,表语,This is,his job.,This is,what he does every day,.,第3页,宾语,I dont like,his job,.,I dont like,what he does every day,.,同位语,I dont know about,the man,Mr.White.,I dont know about,the fact that he is Mr.White.,第4页,什么叫名词性从句？,在句子中起名词作用句子叫名词从句(,Noun Clauses,）,名词从句功效相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任,主语、宾语、表语、同位语,等,所以依据它在句中不一样语法功效，名词从句又可分别称为,主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句,和,同位语从句,第5页,What are noun clauses?,His story,is interesting.,What he said,is interesting.,I heard,his story,.,I heard,what he said,.,I listen to,his story,.,I listen to,what he said,.,This is,his story,.,This is,what he said,.,The idea of,going there is good.,The idea,that we go there is good.,Subject clause,Object clause,Object clause after,a preposition,Predictive clause,Appositive clause,第6页,Practice time,：,指出以下各名词性从句种类,At lunchtime,the radio weatherman reported,that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon.,2.She wondered,if the buses would still be running,.,3.The truth is,that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far,.,4.,When we will start,is not clear.,5.,I had no idea,that you were her friend.,Object clause,Object clause,Predicative clause,Subject clause,Appositive clause,第7页,名词性从句中,连接词,有:,连词,:,that/whether/as if(though);,连接代词:,what/who/which/whose/,whatever/whoever/whomever,/whichever，,连接副词:,where/when/why/how,/wherever/whenever。,第8页,引导词,句型转换,1.,They are good doctors.He told us.,2.He hadnt said anything at the meeting.The fact surprised us.,He told us,that,they were good doctors.,The fact,that,he hadnt said anything at the meeting surprised us.,总结：当从句原来是陈说句时，变成名词性从句用,that,引导。,第9页,3.,Does your sister get up early?Do you know?,4.Do animals have the same senses as humans?I often wonder.,Do you know,if/whether,your sister gets up early?,I often wonder,if/whether,animals have the same senses as humans.,总结：当从句原来是普通疑问句时，变成名词性从句用,if,或,whether,引导。,第10页,5.,When did he buy this new bike?Could you tell me?,6.My question is this:where will the lecture be given?,Could you tell me,when,he bought this new bike?,My question is,where,the lecture will be given.,总结：当从句原来是特殊疑问句时，变成名词性从句还用原来特殊疑问词来引导。,第11页,总结：名词性从句必须用陈说句语序。另外，普通情况下，名词性从句均看作单数概念。由,what,引导普通看后面表语。宾语从句时态普通与主句保持一致。,1.,What we need,more time.,2.What we need more English dictionaries.,are,is,第12页,Practice time.单句改错,1.,That the earth turns around the sun are known to all.,2.When the meeting will be held havent been known yet.,3.I didnt know that you will come.,4.He said that he is writing a story.,5.Could you tell me when will he arrive?,6.You can begin to see why does English have such strange rules.,_,is,_,hasnt,_,would,_,was,_,he will,_,English has,第13页,Object Clauses,宾语从句,第14页,I know him.,2.I know who he is.,主语,谓语,宾语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾 语 从 句,连词,从句主语,从句谓语,主 句,（复合句）,第15页,宾语从句概念：,宾语从句在复合句中作主句宾语。,句子结构：,主句+连词（引导词）+宾语从句,第16页,一、连词（引导词）,1.当宾语从句是陈说句时（包含必定句和否定句），连词由,that,引导，因为,that,在从句中不作任何成份，也没有任何详细意思，所以在口语或非正式文体中常省略,She says(that)she wont take part in the sports meeting next Sunday.,Jim thought(that)the train was like a big moving party.,第17页,2.宾语从句中连接词,that,在以下三种情况下不能省略：,（1）当,that,从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个,that,不能省；,（2）当,that,作介词宾语时，,that,不可省掉。,（3）用,it,做形式宾语宾语从句,Everyone knew what happened and,that,she was worried.,The reason lies in,that,she works harder than the others do.,I think it necessary,that,you should read English aloud.,第18页,在主句为动词,be,加一些形容词（如,sorry,sure,afraid,glad,等）作表语时，后面所跟省略,that,从句也可算是宾语从句,Im sorry,(that),I dont know.,Were sure,(that),our team will win.,Im afraid,(that),he wont pass the exam.,第19页,2.当宾语从句是普通疑问句时，由连词,whether,或,if,引导（口语中惯用,if），,因为,if/whether,翻译成：“是否”，含有一定意义，所以不能省略,Lily wanted to know,if/whether,her grandma,liked the handbag.,Lets see,if/whether,we can find out some,information about that city.,She asked me,if/whether,she could borrow,these books.,第20页,whether,与,if,辨用,表“,是否,”时，在以下情况下用,whether。,a.,主语从句,b.,表语从句,c.,同位语从句,d.,介词后宾语从句,e.,后接动词不定式,(,whether to do sth.)f.whether or not,连在一起引导宾语从句时不用,if,第21页,Practice time,if/whether,1.I asked her _ she had a bike.3.Were worried about _ he is safe.4.I dont know _ he is well or not.5.I dont know _ or not he is well.8.I dont know _ to go.,if/whether,whether,whether/if,whether,whether,第22页,3.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（,what,who,whom,which,whose,）,或连接副词（,when,where,how,why,）,引导，因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定句子成份，含有一定意义，所以不能够省略,Do you know,what,he said just now?,I dont remember,when,we arrived.,I asked him,where,I could get so much money.,Please tell me,who(whom),we have to see.,Do you know,what,time the plane leaves?,第23页,带,how,词组也都能够引导宾语从句,Could you tell us,how often,you go abroad for a holiday?,Could you tell us,how long,the meeting will last?,I dont know,how far,it is to the cinema.,Please tell us,how many,students there are in your school?,Can you tell us,how old,his brother is?,Please tell us,how soon,you will be ready.,Could you tell us,how much,it costs to fly to Hainan?,第24页,二、时态,1.假如主句是现在时态（包含普通现在时，,现在进行时，现在完成时），从句时态可根,据实际情况而定，（包含普通现在时，普通过,去时，普通未来时，现在完成时等）,I know he lives here .,I know he lived here ten years ago.,I have heard that he will come tomorrow.,第25页,2.假如主句是过去时态（包含普通过去时，过去进行时），那么从句时态一定要用相对应过去某种时态（包含普通过去时，过去进行时，过去未来时，过去完成时）,I knew who lived here.,I saw she was talking with her mother.,He asked whether his father would come back,tomorrow.,He said that he had seen it.,第26页,3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理,时用普通现在时。,The teacher said that the sun travels,around the earth.,第27页,The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow.(be),The headmaster hopes everything _ well.(go),Tom says that they _ (play)basketball at six oclock yesterday evening.,I hear they _ (return)it already.,He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948.(be),will be,goes,were playing,have returned,had been,第28页,6.,I didnt know what time he _ the letter.(write),7.Could you tell me who _ away the book already?(take),8.Ling Feng told me he _ to the Great Wall several times.(be),wrote,has taken,had been,第29页,三、语序,宾语从句语序用陈说语序：,连接词+主语+谓语+其它成份,第30页,1.,When will he go to the library?,His brother asks when,he will go to,the library.,His brother asks when,will he go to,the library.,2.,What does he want to buy?,I dont know what,he wants to,buy.,I dont know what,does he want to,buy.,第31页,1,could/would,是委婉语气，而不是过去式，所以宾语从句时态依据实际情况用不一样时态。,注意事项,Could you please tell me where we show our,tickets?,Could you tell us which gate we have to go to?,Would you like to know when he will come back?,第32页,2.假如主句谓语动词是,ask,时，连词不可能是,that；,假如主句谓语动词是,say,时，连词用,that,She says(that)she will leave a message on,his desk.,He said(that)he was going to take care of,the child.,He asks if I like playing the piano.,You may ask the man over there how you,can get to the bus station.,第33页,3.,否定转移,:,若主语谓语动词为,think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine,等,其后宾语从句若含有否定意义,普通要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用必定式。,I dont,think,this dress fits you well.(,我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。,),第34页,4.it,常能够放在动词,think,find,consider,believe,feel,make,等后作为形式宾语,:it,不但能够作为形式主语，还能够作为形式宾语而真正宾语,-that,从句则放在句尾,尤其是在带复合宾语句子中。,We heard,it that,she would get married next month.,第35页,Predicative Clauses,表语从句,第36页,表语从句是在复合句中作表语名词性从句,放在系动词之后,普通结构是“,主语,+,系动词,+,表语从句,”。能够接表语从句系动词有,be,look,remain,seem,等。另外,惯用还有,the reason why is that,和,It is because,等结构。比如：,第37页,.表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成份，普通放在连系动词之后.作用,:,对主语进行解释说明。,连接词：,that/whether,/as if/as though（if,不 引导 表语从句),连接代词：,who/whom/whose/which/what,连接副词：,when/where/why/how/because,The question is,whether,we can rely on him.,Thats,because,we were in need of money at that time.,He looked,as if,he was going to cry.,Thats,why,I was late.,第38页,注 意：,在表语从句中，表“是否”时，只能用“,whether”,不能用“,If”。,普通情况下，“,that”,不能省。,It is/was because.,It is/was why.,3.The reason(why/for)is/was that.,4 The reason is because/why,that .,第39页,名词主语+,be+that,引发表语从句,在这种句型中，惯用表示事实，真理名词，如：,fact,truth,或表示看法，观点名词，如：,idea,opinion,belief,view,feeling,suggestion,plan,等作主语。,如：,1.,The,fact,is,that,our team has won the game.,2.The,truth,is,that,she was the very person who informed against her husband.,第40页,注意,表语从句引导词与主语从句和宾语从句相同,.,但,:1.,that,引导表语从句时不能省,.,2.,if,不能引导表语从句,.,第41页,1.,Thats _ the Party called on us to do.,A.why B.what C.how D.that,2.The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine.,A.because B.why C.that D.Whether,3.That is _ they separated.,A.that B.what C.which D.where,4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago.,A.what B.which C.that D.when,第42页,Subject Clauses,主语从句,第43页,1.主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成份,1),.,That,he will succeed,is certain.,2),Whether,he will go there,is not known.,3),What,he said,is not true.,4),Where,he hid the money,is to be found out.,5),Whoever,comes,is welcome.,6)Its certain,that,he will succeed.,7),How,we can help the twins,will be discussed at the meeting.,8),When,theyll start the project,has not been decided yet.,第44页,考点一:主语从句后置!,为了避,免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经惯用,it,作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正主语.,例:,That we shall be late is certain.,-,Its certain that we shall be late.,1.That the earth is round is known to all.,-,2.That you missed the chance is a pity.,-,由连词,whether,连接代词,what,who,which,和连接副词,when,where,why,how,等引导.也,经常后置:,It is a pity that you missed the chance.,Its known to all that the earth is round.,第45页,It,使用方法：（形式主语）,It possible/important/necessary/clear,that,很可能/主要是/必要是/很清楚,Its said/reported that.,听说/据报道,Its been announced/declared that.,已经通知/宣告,It seems/appears/happens.that,显然、显著、恰巧.,Its no wonder that,并不奇怪/无疑,Its a pity/a fact/a common knowledge(,众所周知）,/,a common saying.（,俗话说）,第46页,考点二,注意：主语从句中，谓语动词普通用单数,What,引导主语从句，可依据表语决定,What he needs,_is_,that book.,What he needs _,are_,some books.,第47页,what,引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成份,如主语,宾语,表语,而,that,则不然,它在句子中只起连接作用。比如：,(1),What,you said yesterday is right.,(2),That,she is still alive is a puzzle.,What,与,that,引导主语从句,第48页,由,that,引导:,1.,That we shall be late,is certain.,2._ is known to all.,(,地球是圆,),3._,is a pity.,(,你错过了这次机会),that,无意义,后接一个完整句子.,that,不可省,That the earth is round,That you missed the chance,第49页,注 意：,What you left,are,only several old,books.,What you said,is,of great importance.,What he,says and,does,doesnt,concern me.,What he says and does,dont,agree.,“,if”,不能引导主语从句，应有“,whether”,引导。,主语从句“,that”,普通不能省。,“,what”,引导主语从句时，谓语动词：,1）常与其后名词作表语一致 2）依据句子语境而定。,第50页,_,he made an important speech at the meeting was true.,A.That B.Why C.What D.How,2._,well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.,A If B Whether C That D Where,3._,is known to us all is that America is a developed country_the First World.,Which;belong to b.As,belonged to,c.What;belonging to d.It;belonging to,第51页,4.,Its known to us all _ a form of energy.,A.water is B.that water is C.is water D.that water to,5.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.,A.whether B.that C.what D.when,6.What I say and think _ none of your business.,A.is B.are C.has D have,第52页,Appositive Clauses,同位语从句,第53页,同位语从句在句中充当同位语从句成份，其普通跟在一些抽象名词（,idea；belief；fact；truth；,problem；news,等）后面，对名词作深入解释说明.,n.+,连接词+从句,同位语从句惯用,that,引导或用连接副词,when/where/why/how/whether,1),The idea,that computers can recognize human voices,surprises many people.,2).,Sydney kept his,promise,that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.,第54页,注,:,1.,同 位语从句多用,that,引导,2.,在,have no idea,之后惯用,wh-,引导同位语从句,.,I have no idea,where he has gone,.,I have no idea,when he did it,.,I have no idea,what he did,.,第55页,I have no idea,when,he will be back.,how,he can get the treasure.,where,the concert will be hold.,who,can finish the work.,why,it happened.,which,pen is mine.,what,we should do next.,whom,they are talking about.,whether,itll rain tomorrow,.,that,our football team won the game.,第56页,1.,Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./The fact,worries their parents and teachers a lot.,2.,The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in,China./We heard the news last night.,_,_,The fact,that,two thirds of all girls are on a diet,worries their parents and teachers a lot.,_,_,_,We heard,the news,last night,that,the Queen of,England was on a three-day visit in China,.,第57页,名词,demand,suggestion,proposal,advice,等词后同位语从句语气要用虚拟语气,结构为,should+do,should,可省略,He gave me a suggestion that I(should)be calm now.,第58页,I have heard,the news that he visited our factory,.,I have heard,the news that he told you the other day.,同位语从句和定语从句区分：,1 同位语从句,that,只起连接作用，不作任何成份,定语从句 ,that,是关系代词，起连接作用和充 当宾语和主语,2同位语从句同位语从句和前面名词是同位关系，对名词进行补充说明,定语从句 定从和前面名词是所属关系，对名词进行修饰，加以限定,3同位语从句,that,不能省,定语从句 ,that,在从句中作宾语时，能够省,第59页,Practice:,判断以下各句是同位语从句还是定语从句,1.,They expressed the hope,that,they would come to visit China again.,2.,The hope,that,she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.,3.The fact,that,she works hard is well known,to us all.,同位语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,第60页,Thank you,第61页,1.,The young man asked _ its summer or winter.,A.either B.that C.weather D.whether,2.,We dont know _ they did it.,A.how B.who C.what D.which,3.The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time.,A.that B.if C.when D.what time,4.Does anybody know _ or not we will have a sports meeting this weekend.,A.if B.where C.whether D.that,D,A,B,C,第62页,5.Could you show me _?,A.how can I get to the station,B.where is the station,C.how I could get to the station,D.how I can reach the station,6.Please tell me _.,A.what does he like B.what he does like,C.what he likes D.what he like,7.My sister told him _.,A.what day was it B.when the train arrived,C.who she was waiting D.where did you live,C,B,D,第63页,8.Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see _.,A.who is he B.who he is,C.who is it D.who it is,9.Could you tell me how long _?,A.you have bought the watch,B.you have kept this science book,C.have you been away from China,D.have you been a member of Greener China,10.He says that if it _ tomorrow,he _ fishing.,A.will rain,wont go B.rained,wasnt go,C.rains,wont go D.rain,will go,B,C,D,第64页,1._made the school proud was _more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities.,A What/because B What/that,C That/what D That/because,2._she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.,A What/why B That/what,C What/because D Why/that,B,A,B,3,.,He is absent from school.It is _ he is seriously ill.A.why B.because C.that D.the reason,第65页,4 _has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.,A Who B The one C Anyone D Whoever,5.Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.,A that B how C where D what,D,A,第66页,6 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.,-Is that _you had a few days off?,A why B when C what D where,7 Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?,-Oh,thats _.,A what makes me feel excited,B whatever I feel excited about,C how I feel about it,D when I feel excited,A,A,第67页,._ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.,A What B That C This D Which,10.When you answer questions in a job interview,p
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