机械专业英语6省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,单词复习：,1.orthographic,2.detail drawing,3.specification,4.mating parts,5.consolidate,6.tolerance,7.title block,上一课回顾,第1页,1,Lesson 6,EngineeringDesign工程设计,重点词汇：,stated,concurrent/realistic/constraint/ethic,source/course,deem,integral/inference,第2页,2,Paragraph 1,Engineering design is a systematic progress by which solutions to the needs of humankind are obtained.,The progress is applied to problems(needs)of varying complexity.,工程设计是一个系统（systematic）过程，经过它能够处理人类需要处理问题。这一过程被用于处理许多改变复杂性问题。,第3页,3,For example,mechanical engineers,will use the design process to find an effective,efficient method to convert,reciprocating motion,to,circular motion,for the,drive train,in an,internal,combustion,engine,;,electrical engineers,will use the process to design electrical generating systems using falling water(落水)as the power source;and,materials engineers,use the process to design ablative(烧蚀性)materials which enable astronauts to safety reenter the earths atmosphere.,比如，机械工程师应用这一设计过程去找到一个有效高效方法，把用于动力传送系统（drive train）内燃机中往复运动转化为旋转运动；电力工程师应用这一设计过程去设计用落水做动力源发电系统；材料工程师应用这一设计过程研制烧蚀材料，使宇航员能安全地重返地球（大气层）。,第4页,4,Paragraph,2:,The vast majority of complex problems in todays high-technology society depend for solution not on a single engineering discipline(工程学科),but on teams of engineers,scientists,environmentalists,economists,sociologists,and legal personnel.,当代高技术社会大量复杂问题处理，不是取决于单一工程学科，而是取决于由工程师、科学家、环境保护教授、经济学家、社会学家和法律教授组成团体。,第5页,5,Solutions are not only dependent upon the appropriate applications of technology,but also upon public sentiment(公众意见)as executed through government regulations andpolitical influence.,处理问题不但依靠技术合理应用，而且要考虑经过政府法规和政治影响引发大众情绪。,第6页,6,As engineers we are empowered with the technical,expertise,to develop new and improved products and systems,but at the same time we must be increasinglyaware of the impact of our actions on society and the environment in general(总体)and work conscientiously toward the best solution in view of all relevant factors.,作为工程师被授权利用专门技术来研究和改进产品和系统，但同时我们必须知道我们行为普通对社会和环境影响，并考虑全部相关原因，尽责工作，找出最好处理方法。,第7页,7,Paragraph 3:,Design is the culmination(最高阶段)of the engineering educational process;it is the salient(突出)feature that distinguishes engineering from other professions.,设计是工程教育过程制高点；正是这一显著特征把(工程设计)和其它职业区分开来。,第8页,8,Paragraph 4:,A formal definitionof engineering design is found in the curriculum guidelines(课程指导)of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology(ABET).,工程设计正式定义能够在工程技术判定合格委员会（ABET）课程指导方针中找到。,第9页,9,ABET accredits(判定)curricula in engineering schools and derives its membership from the various engineeringprofessional societies(行业协会).,ABET安排工程学校课程，ABET组员人数来自各种工程专业协会。,第10页,10,Each accredited curriculum has a well-defined design component which falls within the ABET guidelines.,The ABET statement on design reads as follows(内容以下):,每一门授权课程有一个解释清楚设计部分，该部分包含在ABET指导方针中。,ABET对设计解释以下：,第11页,11,Paragraph 5,Engineering deign is the process of devising a system,component,or process to meet desired needs.,工程设计是设计系统、元件过程，或者是满足希望要求过程。,第12页,12,It is a decision making process(often iterative重复性),in which the basic sciences,mathematics,and engineering sciences are applied to convert resources optimally to meet a stated objective(目标、目标).,它是一个决议指定过程（经常需要重复），在此过程中为了到达要求目标，最正确地应用基础科学、数学和工程科学，把它们转化成资源。,第13页,13,The engineering design component of a curriculum must include most of the following features:development of student creativity,use of open-ended problems,development and use of modern design theory and methodology,formulation of design problem statements and specifications,consideration of alternative solutions,feasibility considerations,production processes,concurrent engineering design,and detailed system descriptions.,课程工程设计部分必须包含以下大部分特征：学生创造性培养、能适应未来发展问题使用、当代设计理论和方法发展和应用、设计问题陈说和详细说明、其它处理问题方法考虑、可行性研究、生产过程、并行工程设计以及详细系统描述。,第14页,14,Further,it is essential to include a variety of realistic constraints such as economic factors,safety,reliability,aesthetics,ethics,and social impact.,另外，还必须包含许多实际约束，如经济原因、安全、可靠性(reliability)、美学(aesthetis)、道德(ethics)和社会反响等。,第15页,15,Paragraph 6,If anything can be said about the last half of the twentieth century,it is that we have had an explosion of information.,The amount of data that can be uncovered on most subjects(学科)is overwhelming.,假如说二十世纪下半叶能够提到大事情，那就是信息爆炸。,对大多数课题能够揭示数据量是势不可挡。,第16页,16,People in the upper levels of most organizations have assistants who,condense,most of the things that they must read,hear,or watch.,在大部分组织高层次人才都配有助手，这些助手把他们必须读到、听到和看到大部分事情进行精简。,第17页,17,When you begin a search for information,be prepared to scan many of your sources and document their location so that you can find them easily if the data subsequently appear to be important.,当你查找一些信息资料时，假如这些资料很主要，做好准备浏览大量资料并记下它们位置，这么做你能轻易地取得。,第18页,18,Some of the sources that are available include the following:,可得到一些资源以下：,Paragraph 7,第19页,19,Paragraph 8,1.Exisiting solutions:,Much can be learned,from,the current status of solutions,to,a specific need if actual products can be located,studied and,in some cases,purchased for detailed analysis(购置进行详细分析).,1、现有处理方案。假如实际产品能够被确定、研究，以及在一些情况下能够买到以用于详细分析，则从现有处理方案到特定需要能够知道许多事情。,第20页,20,An improved solution or an innovative new solution cannot be found unless the existing solutions are thoroughly understood.,除非完全了解现有处理方案，不然不能找到一个改进或革新处理方案。,第21页,21,Paragraph 9,2.Your library.,Many universities have courses that teach you how to use your library.,Such courses are easy when you compare them with those in chemistry and calculus(微积分),but their importance should not be underestimated(低估).,2、你图书馆。许多大学设有教你怎样使用你图书馆课程。,这些课程与化学和微积分学课程相比是轻易，但不能低估它们主要性。,第22页,22,There are many sources in the library that can lead you to the information that you are seeking.,You may find what you need in an index such as the Engineering Index(工程索引).,在图书馆里有很多资源能帮你找到你所要搜索信息。,在一个索引中能够找到你想要东西，比如在工程索引中。,第23页,23,There are many other indexes that provide specialized information.,The nature of your problem will direct which ones may be helpful to you.Dont hesitate to ask for assistance from the librarian.,你问题性质将直接告诉你谁能够帮助你。,不要不好意思请求图书管理员帮助。,第24页,24,You should use to advantage the computer databases found in libraries and often available through CD-ROM(,C,ompact,d,isc-,r,ead,o,nly,m,emory)technology.,你应该充分利用图书馆计算机数据库（database）和经常经过光盘只读存放器（CD-ROM）来获取信息。,第25页,25,Paragraph 10,3.Professional organizations.,The American Society of Mechanical Engineers is a technical society that will be of interest to students majoring(主修)in mechanical engineering.,Each major in your college is associated with not one but often several such societies.,3、专业组织。美国机械工程师协会（The American Society of Mechanical Engineers）是一个技术协会，它对机械专业学生非常有吸引力。,你学院每一个专业不但与一个而且经常与好几个这么会有联络（be associated with）。,第26页,26,The National Society of Professional Engineers,is an organization that most engineering students will eventually join,as well as at least one technical society such as,the American Society of Civil Engineers,(ASCE),the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers,(IEEE),or any one of dozens that serve the technical interests of the host of specialties with which professional practices seem most closely associated.,国家专业工程师协会是一个组织，大部分工程方面学生最终要加入这一组织，以及最少一个技术协会如美国土木工程师协会（ASCE）、美国电气与电子工程师协会（IEEE）或十二个协会中任何一个都对许多专业技术感兴趣，专业实践似乎与这些专业有非常紧密联络。,第27页,27,Many engineers are members of several associations and societies.,许多工程师是几个协会和学会会员。,第28页,28,Paragraph 11,4.Trade journals(行业杂志).,They are published by the hundreds,usually specializing in certain classes of products and services.,4、行业杂志（trade journal）。,行业杂志有几百种，通常研究一定级别产品和服务。,第29页,29,Paragraph 12,Money and economics are part of engineering design and decision-making.,We live in a society that is based on economics and competition.,钱和经济是工程设计和决议制订一部分。,我们生活在一个以经济和竞争为基础(be based on)社会。,第30页,30,It is no doubt true(勿容置疑)that many good ideas never get tried because they are deemed to be economically infeasible.,Most of us have been aware of this condition in our daily lives.,许多好想法不能实施无疑(no doubt)是真，因为这些想法被认为在经济上是不可行。,我们中大部分人都知道我们天天生活条件。,第31页,31,We started with our parents explaining why we could not have some item that we wanted because it cost too much.,我们父母给我们解释为何我们不能得到一些我们想要东西，是因为这些东西太贵。,Likewise,we will not put some very desirable component into our designs because the value gained will not return enough profit in relation to its cost.,一样，我们也不能把一些非常渴望东西加入到我们设计中，因为我们取得价值与它成本相比(in relation to)不能取得足够效益。,第32页,32,Paragraph 13,Industry is continually looking for new products of all types.,Some are desired because the current product is not competing well in the marketplace(市场).,Others are tried simply because it appears that people will buy them.,工业正在不停地寻找(look for)全部类型新产品。,一些产品是渴望，因为现有产品在市场中不含有很好竞争力。,其它产品被简单试做，因为似乎人们将买它们。,第33页,33,How do manufacturers know that a product will be popular(畅销)?,生产厂商怎样知道其生产新产品是否受欢迎呢？,They seldom know with certainty.,他们极少能知道确切答案。,Statistics(统计学)is an important consideration in market analysis.,在市场分析时，统计数字是主要考虑。,Most of you will find that probability(概率论)and statistics are an integral(组成)part of your chosen engineering curriculum.,你们中大部分人将会发觉，概率和统计是你们所选课程一个整体部分。,第34页,34,The techniques of this area of mathematics allow us to make inferences(推论)about how large groups of people will react based on the reactions of a few.,数学领域技术能够使我们做出推论，即多大人群将依据少数人反应而反应。,第35页,35,课后作业：,1、复习本课单词，预习下一课单词,第36页,36,EI,SCI,ISTP,第37页,37,