秋季学期大学英语4视频答疑市公开课获奖课件省名师优质课赛课一等奖课件.ppt

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考!,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,独 立 主 格 结 构,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考!,Click to edit Master title style,*,Unit 6 Falling in Love,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考!,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级a,*,*,*,Unit 6 Falling in Love,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考!,秋季学期大学英语4视频答疑,王朋,Oct.9th,独立主格结构,1/41,一、独立主格结构概念,二、独立主格结构形式,三、独立主格结构使用方法,1,、不定式,2,、现在分词,3,、过去分词,四、使用独立主格结构注意事项,五、独立主格结构练习题,2/41,一、独立主格结构基本概念,独立主格结构,是一个,名词或代词（作为逻辑主语），,加上一个,形容词,、,副词,、,介词短语,、,分词,、,不定式,等在句中作状语。它有以下三个特点：,1.,独立主格结构,逻辑主语与句子,主语不一样,，它,独立存在,。,2.,名词或代词与后面形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在,逻辑上主谓关系,。,3.,独立主格结构普通用,逗号与主句分开,，但与主句之间,不能使用任何连接词,。,3/41,二、独立主格结构常见形式,独立主格,类型,1,：名词（代词）,+,现在分词,The question,being settled,we went home.,问题处理之后，我们就回家了。,We shall play the match tomorrow,weather,permitting,.,明天假设天气好，我们就进行比赛。,The monitor,being ill,wed better put the meeting off.,班长病了，我们最好还是延期开会吧。,4/41,二、独立主格结构常见形式,独立主格,类型,2,：名词（代词）,+,过去分词,The job,finished,we went home.,工作结束后我们就回家了。,The last bus,having gone,we had to walk home.,最终一班公车已经走了，我们必须走路回家。,5/41,二、独立主格结构常见形式,独立主格,类型,3,：名词（代词）,+,不定式,Nobody,to come tomorrow,we will have to put off the meeting till next week.,假如明天没有些人来，我们将把会议推迟到下周。,So many people,to help him,he is sure to succeed.,有如此多人来帮助他，他一定会成功。,6/41,二、独立主格结构常见形式,独立主格,类型,4,：名词（代词）,+,介词短语,A girl came in,book,in hand,.,一个少女进来了，手里拿着书。,He was waiting,his eyes,on her back,.,他在等着，眼睛望着她背影。,7/41,二、独立主格结构常见形式,独立主格,类型,5,：名词（代词）,+,形容词或副词,He sat in the front row,his mouth,half open,.,他坐在前排，嘴半开着。,She sat at the table,collar,off,head,down,.,她坐在桌前，衣领解掉，头低下来。,8/41,二、独立主格结构常见形式,独立主格,类型,6,：,There being+,名词（代词）,There being,nothing else to do,we went home.,没有别事可做，我们就回家了。,There being,no further business,I declare the meeting closed.,没有再要讨论事了，我宣告散会。,9/41,二、独立主格结构常见形式,独立主格,类型,7,：,It being+,名词（代词）,It being,Christmas,the government offices were closed.,因为圣诞节缘故，政府机关都休息。,It being,a holiday,all the shops were shut.,因为今天是假日，全部商店都关门了。,10/41,二、独立主格结构常见形式,WITH,复合结构：,Dont sleep,with the windows open,.,别开着窗睡觉。,He stood before his teacher,with his head down,.,他低着头站在老师面前。,She came in,with a book in her hand,.,她手里拿着一本书走了进来。,He fell asleep,with the lamp burning,.,他没熄灯就睡着了。,He sat there,with his eyes closed,.,他闭目坐在那儿。,I cant go out,with all these clothes to wash,.,要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了。,11/41,三、独立主格结构使用方法,独立主格结构,主要表示谓语动词发生时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，,相当于一个状语从句或并列句,。,1.,用作时间状语,The work,done,(=After the work had been done),we went home.,工作完成后，我们就回家了。,2.,用作条件状语,Weather,permitting,(=If weather permits),they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.,假如天气允许话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。,12/41,三、独立主格结构使用方法,3.,用作原因状语,An important lecture,to be given tomorrow,(=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow),the professor has to stay up late into the night.,因为明天要发表一个主要演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。,4.,用作伴随状语,He was lying on the grass,his hands,crossed under his head,(=and his hands were crossed under his head).,他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。,13/41,三、独立主格结构使用方法,5.,表示补充说明,A hunter came in,his face,red with cold,(=and his face was red with cold).,一个猎人走了进来，他脸冻得通红。,注：,独立主格结构,表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，普通放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随情况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。,14/41,三、独立主格结构使用方法,1.,名词或代词,+,不定式,其中不定式通常表示还未发生或即将要发生动作。如：,Nobody,to come tomorrow,we will have to put off the meeting till next week.,假如明天没有些人来，我们将把会议推迟到下周。,So many people,to help him,he is sure to succeed.,有如此多人来帮助他，他一定会成功。,15/41,三、独立主格结构使用方法,2.,名词或代词,+,现在分词,其中,现在分词,通常表示动作正在进行（或当初正在进行）。,She ran up to me,her hair,flying in the wind,.,她向我跑来，秀发在风中飘扬着。,注：有时现在分词不表示进行，而表示普通情况。如：,Their room was on the third floor,its window,overlooking the sports ground,.,他们房间在三层楼上，窗户俯视着操场。,16/41,三、独立主格结构使用方法,3.,名词或代词,+,过去分词,其中过去分词通常表示被动意义。如：,This,done,they next set to clean the room.,做完这件事之后，他们接下来就开始清理房间。,She gazed,her hands,clasped to her breast,.,她凝视着，双手叉在胸前。,17/41,三、独立主格结构使用方法,在通常情况下，,分词作状语时它逻辑主语应与句子主语一致,，若不一致，则应改用其它句型。如：,误：,Crossing,the road,a car,knocked him down.,正：,Crossing,the road,he,was knocked down by a car.,过马路时他被车撞倒了。,正：,When he,was crossing the road,a car,knocked him down.,他过马路时车子把他撞倒了。,18/41,三、独立主格结构使用方法,处理状语,分词逻辑主语,与句子主语不一致问题，也可在分词前加一个名词或代词，使之成为分词逻辑主语。因为加在分词前名词或代词要用主格形式，故称,分词独立主格,结构,。如：,The job,finished,we went home.,工作结束后我们就回家了。,The weather,being fine,we went swimming.,天气很好，我们就去游泳了。,19/41,四、使用独立主格结构注意事项,1.,独立主格与状语从句转换,当状语从句主语与主句主语不是指同一个对象时，可用,独立主格结构,取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。如：,After class was over(=Class,being over,/Class,over,),the students soon left the classroom.,下课后，学生很快离开了教室。,20/41,四、使用独立主格结构注意事项,2.,不能省略,being(having been),情形,在以下两种情况下，独立主格结构中,being,（或,having been,）不能省略：,(1),独立主格结构,逻辑主语是代词时。如：,It being Sunday,we went to church.,因为是星期天，我们去了做礼拜。,(2),在,There being,名词结构中。如：,There being no bus,we had to go home on foot.,因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。,21/41,四、使用独立主格结构注意事项,3.,通常不用物主代词或冠词,在“名词（或代词）介词短语”组成,独立主格结构,中，普通不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。如：,Miss Smith entered the classroom,book in hand,.,史密斯先生走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。,比较,with,复合结构：,Miss Smith entered the classroom,with a book in his hand,.,22/41,四、使用独立主格结构注意事项,4.,独立主格结构没有全部格形式,The chief-editor arriving,we began the meeting.,主编来了，我们开始开会。,比较动名词复合结构：,The chief-editors arriving,made us very surprised.,23/41,四、使用独立主格结构注意事项,5.,独立主格时态问题,独立主格结构,作时间或原因状语时，可用完成时，表示该动作发生在谓语之前。如：,The listeners,having taken,their seats,the concert began.,听众坐好后，音乐会开始了。,24/41,独立主格结构,五,25/41,1 All things_,the planned trip will have to be called off.,A.consideringB.be considered,C.consideredD.having considered,26/41,2 The speech_,a lively discussion started.,A.to be delivered,B.was delivered,C.be delivered,D.having been delivered,27/41,3 All examination paper_,the teacher let the students leave.,A.handing in,B.having handed in,C.to be handed in,D.having been handed in,28/41,4 _,he slipped through the window.,A.With anyone noticing,B.With anyone noticed,C.Without anyone noticing,D.Without nobody noticed,29/41,5 The question_finally,we went home.,A.to be settledB.settling,C.having settled D.settled,30/41,6 _,they made their way through the street.,A.He guided,B.With his guiding,C.He is guiding,D.He had guided,31/41,7 _,the rivers were open and navigable.,A.Being summer,B.Been summer,C.To be summer,D.It was summer,32/41,8 The meeting_over,the representatives went to visit the farm.,A.bee B.being,C.is D.to be,33/41,9 Her children_far away from her,the old lady feels lonely sometimes.,A.to liveB.living,C.livedD.having lived,34/41,10 I cant do my homework with all this noise_.,A.is going onB.to go on,C.gone onD.going on,35/41,11 We redoubled our efforts,each man_like two.,A.workedB.been working,C.workingD.to be worked,36/41,12 With John_theres more room in the house.,A.to be awayB.been away,C.awayD.was away,37/41,13 The temperature_,the chemical reaction is being speeded up.,A.raisedB.being risen,C.risingD.raising,38/41,14 The country is faced with great problems,starvation_the top of them.,A.has beenB.is,C.beingD.is being,39/41,15 The soldiers jumped into the river_past their ears.,A.with bullets whistling,B.with bullets whistled,C.with bullets to whistle,D.with bullets being whistling,40/41,Thank you,wangp,41/41,