英语词性详细讲解(课堂PPT).ppt

,*,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,1,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,英语词性,1,2,名词的概念,名词可以分为,专有名词,和,普通名词,.,如,Beijing,，,China,the United States,Lu Xun,等。,普通名词,(,普通名词包括,可数名词,和,不可数名词,),名词,专有名词（首字母要大写,the Great Wall,；,the West Lake,虚词（介词、连词、冠词）不用大写,普通名词,可数名词,不可数名词,3,名词复数的规则变化,4,以,f,或,fe,结尾的名词变复数时：,去,f,fe,加,-ves,，如：,half-halves,knife-knives leaf-leaves wolf-wolves wife-wives life-lives thief-thieves,；,加,s,，如：,belief-beliefs roof-roofs,5,名词复数的不规则变化,1,）,child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth goose-geese mouse-mice man-men woman-women German-Germans,2,）单复同形如：,deer,，,sheep,，,fish,，,Chinese,，,Japanese,3,）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。,如：,people police,等本身就是复数，不能说,a people,，,a police,，但可以说,a person,，,a policeman,，,6,要点考点聚焦,flower,flower,s,找规律,watch,es,factory-factori,es,leaf-lea,ves,box,es,NOUN.,7,要点考点聚焦,找规律,tomato,es,potato,es,hero,es,NOUN.,8,不规则变化,child-childr,en,woman-wom,e,n,deer,sheep,man-m,e,n,goose-g,ee,se,NOUN.,9,LOREM IPSUM DOLOR,拓展：,1,、不可数名词及其量的表达方式（不可数名词无法用数目来计算，也没有复数形式）,怎么样来表达数量？,“,计量词,+of+,不可数名词,”,来表达,a cup of coffee-two cups of coffeea piece of news-three pieces of newsa piece of advice-four pieces of advice,10,LOREM IPSUM DOLOR,拓展：,2,、名词所有格,麦克的弟弟,Mikes brother,母亲节,Mothers Day,北京的公园,Beijings park,汤姆的书,Toms book,中国的地图,Chinas map=the map of China8,分钟的脚程我的桌子,11,LOREM IPSUM DOLOR,拓展：,3,、名词连用,one banana tree-two banana treesone man doctor-two men doctors,拓展,:4,、常以复数形式出现的词,pants,；,glasses,；,clothes,；,shoesjeans,；,shorts,；,chopsticks,12,LOREM IPSUM DOLOR,class-teacher-child-boy-city-box-tomato-chair-bus-dish-zoo-bank-leaf-,sheep-,photo-,wife-,foot-,man-,mouse-,friend-,13,根据所给单词的正确形式填空：,1.Different people may have different _.(idea),2.I often go to work on,.(foot),3.I know one of the,.(boy),4.Mr.Brown is wearing a pair of,.(glass),5.Please give them their,.(photo),6.Are there any,in the box?(watch),7.There are twelve,in a year.(month),8.Would you like some,?(tomato),9.Look at those,in the boats!(people),10.Look!The,are singing.(woman),11.September 10th is,Day.(teacher),12.Jim has some,.(knife),13.How much are these,?(vegetable),14.My school is twenty _ walk from here.(minute),15.All the_(woman)teachers and _(girl)students are having,ideas,foot,boys,glasses,photos,watches,months,tomatoes,people,women,Teachers,knives,vegetables,women,NOUN.,minutes,girl,14,1.Several _ are talking under the tree,And they are_.,A,woman;children B,woman;child C,women;children,2.How far is your school from here,？,Not very far,Its about twenty,walk.,（,2000,杭州）,A,minutes B,minutes C,minutes,3.There are three,in my family.(2004,长春）,A.people B.person C.child,4.Most students can go to college for further,in our city.,A.education B.information C.science,5.This is,bedroom.The twin sister like it very much.,A.Ann and Jane B.Ann and Janes C.Anns and Janes,典型例题解析,C,C,A,A,B,NOUN.,15,冠 词,16,一,.,冠词概述,冠词的概念：冠词是经常加在名词前面的一个辅助词，帮助说明名词的含义。,冠词在句子中不能单独作一个成分，是虚词。,冠词可分为不定冠词（,a/an,），定冠词（,the,）和零冠词（,/,）三类,17,不定冠词（,a/an,）,1,、,a,用于辅音发音开头,的词前，而不是辅音字母前面,如：,a useful book,；,a university,2.,an,用于元音发音开头,的词前，而不是元音字母前，如：,an apple,；,an hour,；,an honest man,18,三,.,不定冠词的用法,（一）不定冠词的用法,：,1.,在叙述时用于,第一次提到,某人或某物,This is a book,2.,表示,泛指的某人、某物,An English-English dictionary is very necessary for me.,3.,表示,类别,An elephant is bigger than a horse.,4.,表示,数量中的“一”。但数的概念没有,one,强烈,用在数词中，表示“一”。,A book,；,a man,；,a dog,；,an hour,5.,用于某些物质名词和抽象名词前，,表示,“,一阵，一份，一类，一场,”,There will be a strong wind here,6.,用于某些,固定词组,中,have a cold,；,have a good time,；,have a look,；,have a rest,19,三,.,定冠词的用法,(the)the,表示特指。同类中特定的一个，区别于其他人或事,1,表示,特定的人或物,Do you know the girl in red skirt,？,2,表示,上文提到过的人或事。,Tom has an apple.The apple is big and red.,3.,表示,双方都知道的人或物,Open the door,4,表示地球、宇宙中的独一无二的事物,世界上独一无二的东西很多，这里所指的独一无二主要是指各种天体及世界上比较有影响力的物体。,The sun,；,the universe,；,the earth,5.,在世纪，年代名词前用冠词,in the 1980s,20,世纪,80,年代,in the nineteenth century,二十世纪,20,6,用于,形容词最高级和序数词前，常用,the,the tallest boy,He is always the first to come and the last to leave.,7,用于“,越,.,越,”结构中，,the,必不可少,The more,，,the better,8,用于形容词前，表示一类人或事物,The rich,富人,the young,年轻人,The old the poor,9,用于乐器前，在演奏的乐器前加,the,play,the guitar,10,用于,姓氏复数前，表示一家人或夫妻两人,The Greens are watching TV now,11.,用于,普通名词构成的专有名词前,the Great Wall,长城,the Summer Palace the United States,21,12.,.,用于表示,方位,的名词前,in the east,；,in the west,；,in the north,；,in the south,13.,在,江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河,前用,the,the West Lake,西湖,the Pacific Ocean,太平洋,14,.,用于某些,固定词组,中,in the end,最后,at the age of,在几岁时,all the time,一直,in the morning,对比：有,the,和没,the,意义不同的词组,at table,在吃饭,at the table,在桌子旁,in hospital,住院,in the hospital,在医院,in future,今后,in the future,将来,take place,发生,take the place,取代,go to college,上大学,go to the college,到大学去,in class,在 课堂上,in the class,在班里,on earth,和,on the earth,in front of,和,in the front of 前面,指内部,22,零冠词的用法,1,专有名词,前一般不加冠词：,China,American,Grade Two,Bill Smith,2,一些抽象的不可数名词,前不加冠词：,Life is short;art is long.Time waits for no man.,3,名词前已有,this,that,my,whose,some,any,no,each,every,等物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格等修饰限定时，不加冠词。,this morning,；,my pen,；,your watch,；,whose bike,4,复数名词表示某一类人或事物时，不加冠词,They are workers.,Computers are very popular to all kinds of people.,5,季节、月份、星期、日期和节日,的名词前不加冠词,It is Sunday today.,June 1,st,is Childrens Day in China.,Spring is a lovely season.,6,在,语言、学科、三餐、球类,等名词前不加冠词,have breakfast,；,play football.,23,不用冠词的场合,7,在,人名、称呼语、头衔、职务,等名词前，一般不加冠词,What color are Mr.Greens shoes?,This is Professor Li,8,在,与,by,连用的交通工具,名称前不加冠词,by car,by bus,by train,(,但,take a bus,in a boat,on the bike,前要加冠词,),9,表示,语言的名词前,不加冠词，但后加,language,时，必须加,the,Chinese French English the Chinese language the French language,12,固定短语里不用冠词,at first,；,take care of,；,in trouble,；,in time,；,in danger,；,on foot,；,on time,；,watch TV,；,24,1.MrWanghasworkedas_Englishteacherformorethan 10years.A./B.aC.anD.the 2,Howlongdoesittakeustogotoyourhometownfromhere?,I,ttakesus,_,hourormoretogotomyhometown,by,_,train.A.an;aB.a;anC.an;/D.a;/3 What,_,usefulbookitis!Yeah,ittellsyouhowtoplayguitar.A.an,；,theB.a,；,aC.a,；,theD.an,；,a 4,、,.Susanjoinedanartclubat,ageofsixandpaintswell.A.theB.anC.a 5,、,Myuncleis_engineer.Heworksveryhard.A.theB.aC.an,练习,25,6.Ahorseis_usefulanimal.,A.aB.anC.theD./7.Weusuallygoto_schoolonweekdays,and,sometimesgoto_cinemaatweekends.A.,不填；,theB.the;theC.the;,不填,D.,不填；不填,8._areplanningtogoonvacation.A.Blacks B.ABlacks,C.TheBlacks D.TheBlacks 9.MrsSmithhas_sonandadaughter.A.a B.an C.the D./,11.Shelearnedtoplay_pianoallbyherself.A.a B.an C.the D.,不填,26,12.Whatdoyouwanttobeinthefuture,Nick?Iwanttobe_pilot.Itis_excitingjob.A,、,a;a B.a;an C.the;an D,a;the 13.Thereis_bigsupermarketin_centerofourcity.A,、,a;the B.the;a C.the;the 14.Beijing,_capitalofChina,has_longhistory.A.a;aB.the;,不填,C.the;aD.,不填；,the 15.Letshave_break;Iwanttomake_telephone,call.A.a;aB.a;theC.the;aD.the;the 16.Cindy,doyouhave_,e-mailaddress?Iwanttosendyousomephotos.Yes,Ido.I.A.a B.an C.the 17.,Itis_popularwayamongtheyoungpeopletochat,ontheInternetnow.A.a B.an C.the,27,18.Doyouknow_girlwhoisstandingunder_tree?Ofcourse!SheisLucy,myclassmates.A.the,theB.a,aC.a,/D./,the 19.Thereis_pencilonthedesk.A,、,anB.aC.theD./20.,Ioftengotoschool_.A.bybusB.byabus C.bythebus D.by buses,28,代词,代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、,反,身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。,29,代词的分类：,1.,人称代词,2.,物主代词,3.,反身代词,:,myself,ourselves,yourself,himself,herself,4.,指示代词,:,this,that,these,those,5.,疑问代词,:,what,who,whose,which,6.,不定代词,:,some,any,either,neither,another,others,(a)few,(a)little,a lot,many,much,7.,相互代词,8.,关系代词,主格：,I,we,you,they,he,she,it,宾格：,me,us,you,them,him,her,it,形容词性,my,our,your,his,her,their,its,名词性,mine,ours,yours,his,hers,theirs,its,30,I.,人称代词,：表示谁的词。,1).,主格代词作主语,(,注意,:,主谓一致,),2).,宾格代词作宾语,(,动词宾语和介词宾语,),He gives me an apple,I like go shopping with him,me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them,31,考场练兵,She didn,t,tell,_,(I)when to leave.,Why dont you,give,_(we),some examples?,Miss Li,teaches,_(they)maths,.,We will look,after,_(he),when you are away.,Did you borrow the radio,from,_(she),?,_are all very busy recently.,A.I,you and he B.you,I and he,C.He,you and I D.You,he and I,7.He told _ to hand in _homework.,A.we,we B.I,me C.us,our D.my,I,me,us,them,him,her,32,8.I think _is going to rain.,it,B.its C.its D.that,9.Listen!There is a knock at the door.Do you know who_ can be?,he B.him C.it D.she,10.Kate has lost _key._asks _for,help.,Her,He,I B.His,He,me,C,.his,She,I D.her,She,me,11.I saw_playing in the street at that time.,them B.they C.their D.theirs,12.There are many people over there.They are waiting for_.A.we,B.us C.our D.ours,33,II.,物主代词,:,表示所属关系的代词,也叫,代词所有格,ones(whose),mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs,34,两种物主代词的区别：,名词性物主代词,=,形容词性物主代词,+n.,my bags=mine,1).,形容词性物主代词后面一定要接名词,(,作定语,)my books,；,our classroom,；,your pencil),2).,名词性物主代词后面不能接名词,(,作主语,宾语等,)Your English is bad,，,mine is good.,Is this your book?,Yes,it is mine.,35,考场练兵,I gave her _address and she gave me _.,my,her B.my ,hers,C,.mine,her D.mine,hers,2.This is _seat._is over there.,your,my B.mine,your,C.your,mine D,.my,your,3.Jim did _best in the Chinese exam.,his B.him C.himself D.he,4.He touched _on _shoulder.,my,my B.me,my C.her,her D.me,the,36,5.Her homework is more careful than_.,me B.my C.mine D.I,6.,Everyone should do _best.,Its B.ones C.their D.his,7.A friend of _will go with me.,My B.me C.mine D.I,8._school is much bigger than_.,Their,our,B.Your,their,C.Their,ours,D.ours,yours,37,III.,反身代词,(,自己,),oneself,注,:,第一,二人称的反身代词由,形容词性物主代词,+self/selves,构成第三人称的反身代词由,宾格代词,+self/selves,构成,作用,:1).,作动词或介词的宾语。常搭配的动词,enjoy,，,help,，,look after,，,take care of,等,2).,作同位语（,加强被修饰词的语气，紧放在被修饰名词后,或句末）,He,himself,told me the news.,You said it yourself.,人称,38,反身代词构成的短语,enjoy oneself,玩得开心,=,have a good time,dress oneself,自己穿衣服,look after oneself=take care of oneself,help oneself(to,）,请自便吃点,5.by oneself,独自地,=,on ones own,for oneself,替自己,smile to oneself,偷笑,窃笑,say to oneself,自言自语,39,They enjoy_(they),You should take care of _(he),_(she)is a teacher,He tells_(I)that he will go there,He likes playing with_(we),This is _(you)book,We love _(we)school,I do not like _(I)book,can I use_(you),Your bag is better than _(my),We have to take care of_(we),40,I often talk with_(they),You should take care of _(you),_(he)is a teacher,He likes_(I)very much,He likes playing with_(she),I like _(you)bag,I love _(I)family,_(you)school is better than_(we),Your bag is bigger than _(my),I love_(you).Do you love_(I),41,三、,指示代词,表示那个、这个、这些、那些等指示概念的代词。,Eg.,That is a good idea.,I love those book in blue.,These people are my friends.,Eg The,weather in Changshan is warmer than that in Jiangshan.,The apples on this tree are bigger than those on that tree.,42,七、,疑问代词,有who，whom，whose，what和which,when等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可用作,连接代词,，引导名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句）,Who are you?,Where is his coat?,Whose bag is this?,Which season do you like best?,What does he often do on Sundays?,Could you tell me what his name,is,?,What he said moved me a lot.,43,IV.,不定代词,：不指明代替任何特定名词（或形容词）的代词,(both,all,many,much,each,another,either,a few,little.),复合不定代词：不定代词,some,any,every,no,与,one,body,thing,的组合,someone(,某人）,anyone everyone no one(none),somebody anybody everybody nobody,something anything everything nothing,44,There,is,someone,in his office.,Everyone,knows,that.,Im sure,somebody,important,has,arrived.,There is,something,wrong,with him.,Is there,anything,interesting,in todays newspaper?,注,1,）复合不定代词均为单数，其谓语动词用单数,2,）形容词修饰复合不定代词放后面,45,some,与,any,都可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词,1,、一般来讲，,some,用于肯定句，,any,用于否定,句、疑问句,2,、在表建议、请求或希望对方做出肯定回答的,疑问句中，用,some,Would you like some coffee,？,Do you have some coins,？,3,、,any,可以用于肯定句中，表示,“,任何一个,”,。后跟,单数可数名词或不可数名词,Any day is ok,46,3.(the)other,(the)others,another,1).other,a.,别的，其它的,other,+,复数名词,=,others,2).,the other+,单数名词,表示两者中的另一个，,常与,one,连用。,I have two apples,one is for you,the other is for me.,another+,单数名词,表示三者或三者以上的任何一个,I dont like this,show me another.,the other+,复,数名词,特指其余所有的人或物,=the others,47,none,和,all,的区别（适用范围都是三者或三者以上）,it,，,one,，,that,的区别,them,，,ones,，,those,48,考场练兵,4.either,（两者中的任何一个）,neither,（两者都不），,both,（两者都）,1,）,either,表示两者之间的任何一个。动词用单数,Either of them is right.,2,）对,both,的全部否定，作主语时，动词用单数。,Neither of the two sisters has come.,1.I dont like this coat.Can you show me that _?,one B.some C.it D.any,2.Are there _boys in the classroom?No,there are only_girls.,some,some B.any,some C.some,any D.any,any,3.Hurry up!There is _time left.,A.A few B.a little C.few D.little,49,4.Is there _in todays newspaper?,anything important B.something important,C.important something D.important anything,5.She has two books on the desk._ of them is written