初三宾语从句专项讲解与练习.docx

作动词的宾语（eg: Make sure that no one knows this.）
句法功能 作介词的宾语
作系表结构的宾语

从属连词 that
从属连词whether/if
连接词 连接代词 what,who,whom,whose,which等
宾 连接副词when,where,how,why等
语
从 主句为一般过去时，从句用相应的过去时态
句 时态 主句为一般现在时或祈使句，从句选用适当的时态
从句表示客观事实或规律时，总是用一般现在时

宾语从句的语序：陈述语序(主句+连接词+主语+谓语)
宾语从句的否定转移
注意事项 不能省略that的情况 动词不定式
宾语从句的简化 疑问词+动词不定式
宾语+宾语补足语
名词或名词短语

重点：语序和时态呼应
难点：语序和时态呼应；与疑问词+不定式的转化；与状语从句的辨析

1.连词that，只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略。
eg. He knew （that） he should work hard.
词汇：say, think, tell, that
句型：…says/said/thinks/thought/tells/told…(that)…
My mother tells me (that) nothing is too difficult if I put my heart into it.
Our teacher often tells (that) we should make the best use of time.
2．连词if 、whether，它们起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”，在口语中多用if。
Tom don't know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.
He asked me whether or not I was coming.
一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether：
①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn't been decided.
②在介词后：It depends on（依靠） whether it is going to rain.
③与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.. ④discuss后的宾语从句
⑤宾语从句前置，置于句首时。
词汇：if, whether, ask, wonder, know, …
句型：…asks/asked/wonders/wondered/wants to know/wanted to know if/whether…

3．连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which，连接副词when, where, why, how， 它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意义。
eg. The teacher asked the new students which class he was in.
I wonder where he got so much money.
【注意】
1．由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和“疑问词+不定式”结构转化。
eg. I don't know how I should do with the presents. ==> I don't know how to do with the presents.
2．要注意区分判断由if、when引导的从句类型.
二、宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。特别强调：它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序，而不是疑问句的倒装结构。
Can you tell me who（m） do we have to see?（╳）
Can you tell me who（m） we have to see?（ √）
The teacher asked the students what they were doing.（思考: what在从句中的成分）
陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。 eg. She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.” → She said she would leave a message on the desk.
一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序。Eg. “Where are the tickets?” I asked him. → I asked him where the tickets are. <否定转移>
三、宾语从句的时态呼应
如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，从句谓语的时态不受限制；
如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时，从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。
eg. I thought （that） you are free today. （╳）
I thought （that） you would be free today. （ √）
【注意】当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时，不管主句谓语的时态如何，从句都用一般现在时。
eg. The teacher told us （that） the earth moves around the sun.
四．其他需要说明的问题
1．标点由主句决定，如主句是陈述句、祈使句，则用句号；是疑问句则用问号。
I heard she had been to the Great Wall.
Can you tell me which bus I should take?
2．要注意个别句子中主从句人称的一致。
五．宾语从句和状语从句的区分
eg. 1） I will go out tomorrow if it is fine.
　　2） I don't know if the train has arrived.
句1）中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”，修饰主句。整个句子的意思是如果明天天气好，我就出去。句2）中if引导的是宾语从句，充当谓语动词don't know的宾语。整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否到达。
判断方法：
1．可以从整个句式看。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（个别除外），宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。
2．从引导词看。if充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether， 词义为“是否”，充当状语从句的连接词时，词义为“如果”。when充当宾语从句的连接词时，意为“什么时候”，充当状语从句的连接词时，意为“当……的时候”。
3．从时态看。if和when作连接词时，引导宾语从句要注意：从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。if和when充当从属连词时，引导条件和时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来。
( ) 1 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them.
A took B. take C. takes D. will take
( ) 2 Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou.
A. has never gone B. had never gone
C. has never been D. had never been
( ) 3 The students want to know whether they___ dictation today.
A. had B. has . C. will have D. are
( ) 4 She asked Linda if___ go and get some.
A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may
( ) 5 Linda said the moon___ round the earth.
A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled
( ) 6 Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty?
A. who B. what C. when D. that
( ) 7 I don't know ___ they have passed the exam.
A. what B. if C. when D. where
( ) 8 I hardly understand.___ he has told me.
A. that B. what C. which D. who
( ) 9 She didn't know___ back soon.
A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be
( ) 10I don't know _____ he still lives here after so many years.
A. whether B where C. what D when
( ) 11Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening?
A. what B when C why D how
( ) 12 He asked me _____told me the accident.
A whom B which C who D whose
( ) 13.They don't know ______their parents are.
A that B what C why D which
( ) 14.Please tell me ______what last year.
A where does your sister work B where did your sister work
C where your sister works D where your sister worked
( )15.She asked me if I knew ______.
A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was
C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it
( )16. You must remember ________.
A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say
C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said
( ) 17 Did you know ____?
A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for
C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after
( ) 18 Could you tell me ___?
A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing
C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing
( ) 19.Can you tell me where ______ ? .
A. is the post office B. the post office is
C. does the post office D. the post office does
( ) 20.Do you know who ______ with at eight yesterday ?
A. he is talking B. was he talking C. he was talking D. is he talking
( ) 21.They wondered if the teacher ______ us English the next term.
A. would teach B. had taught C. will teach D. taught
( ) 22.He told me that the sun ______ in the east.
A. rises B. raises C. rose D. raised
( ) 23.The boy asked ______ any noise from outside.
A. whether had I heard B. whether I had heard
C. whether I have heard D. whether I heard
( ) 24.This map will show you _______ .
A. where is the Summer Palace B. where the Summer Palace is　C. where is the Summer Palace like D. how the Summer Palace is like
25.My brother ________ to the ground while ________ his bicycle and hurt his leg.
A. falls; is he riding B. fell; he was riding
C. falls; he is riding D. felt; was he riding

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